Arp 147

Last updated
Arp 147
Arp 147.jpg
Interacting galaxies Arp 147
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Cetus
Right ascension 03h 11m 18.90s
Declination +01° 18′ 52.99″
Redshift 0.03141 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 9,267 km/s [1]
Distance 430–440 Mly
(134.9 mpc) [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)14.3
Characteristics
Type SB bc
Mass ~3.6 x 1011 [3]   M☉
Apparent size  (V)0.650' x 0.286' [1]
Notable featuresmassive H II region
Other designations
IC 298/298A, PGC 11890, VV 787, SDSS J031120.03+011858.4

Arp 147 (also known as IC 298) is an interacting pair of ring galaxies. It lies 430 million [4] to 440 million light years away in the constellation Cetus and does not appear to be part of any significant galaxy group. [3] The system was originally discovered in 1893 by Stephane Javelle [5] and is listed in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

Contents

The system was formed when a spiral galaxy (image right) collided with an elliptical galaxy (image left). [6] The collision produced an expanding wave of star production (shown as bright blue) traveling at an effective speed of ≳100 km s−1 and began some 40 million years ago. [3] The most extreme period of star formation is estimated to have ended 15 million years ago and as the young, super hot stars died (as exploding supernovas) they left behind neutron stars and black holes. [4]

The right-side galaxy is 30,000 light years in diameter [7] and is located 21,000 light years away from its partner galaxy. [8] : 3  The entire system extends some 115,000 light years across. [6]

In September 2008, Hubble's main data-handling unit failed. After the problem was corrected, the telescope's Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 was aimed at Arp 147 and the quality of the images taken assured NASA that Hubble was working properly. [2] [9]

Main ring

The main ring contains nine bright X-ray sources which are black holes, each with a mass 10–20 times the mass of the Sun. [6] The edge-to-edge expansion of the ring is 225 ± 8 km/s and there is very little rotation seen (47 ± 8 km/s). [10] : 6 

It also has a star formation rate of approximately 4.68 solar masses per year. [10] : 7  The reddish bulge in the main ring is thought to be the original galactic nucleus of the primary galaxy [10] : 1  and comprises 30–50% of the total mass of the galaxy. [10] : 9 

Smaller galaxy

The smaller companion galaxy (left side) also contains an X-ray source which may be a poorly fed black hole. [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andromeda Galaxy</span> Barred spiral galaxy in the Local Group

The Andromeda Galaxy is a barred spiral galaxy and is the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way. It was originally named the Andromeda Nebula and is cataloged as Messier 31, M31, and NGC 224. Andromeda has a D25 isophotal diameter of about 46.56 kiloparsecs (152,000 light-years) and is approximately 765 kpc (2.5 million light-years) from Earth. The galaxy's name stems from the area of Earth's sky in which it appears, the constellation of Andromeda, which itself is named after the princess who was the wife of Perseus in Greek mythology.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 87</span> Elliptical galaxy in the Virgo Galaxy Cluster

Messier 87 is a supergiant elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo that contains several trillion stars. One of the largest and most massive galaxies in the local universe, it has a large population of globular clusters—about 15,000 compared with the 150–200 orbiting the Milky Way—and a jet of energetic plasma that originates at the core and extends at least 1,500 parsecs, traveling at a relativistic speed. It is one of the brightest radio sources in the sky and a popular target for both amateur and professional astronomers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Centaurus A</span> Radio galaxy in the constellation Centaurus

Centaurus A is a galaxy in the constellation of Centaurus. It was discovered in 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop from his home in Parramatta, in New South Wales, Australia. There is considerable debate in the literature regarding the galaxy's fundamental properties such as its Hubble type and distance. NGC 5128 is one of the closest radio galaxies to Earth, so its active galactic nucleus has been extensively studied by professional astronomers. The galaxy is also the fifth-brightest in the sky, making it an ideal amateur astronomy target. It is only visible from the southern hemisphere and low northern latitudes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Whirlpool Galaxy</span> Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

The Whirlpool Galaxy, also known as Messier 51a (M51a) or NGC 5194, is an interacting grand-design spiral galaxy with a Seyfert 2 active galactic nucleus. It lies in the constellation Canes Venatici, and was the first galaxy to be classified as a spiral galaxy. It is 7.22 megaparsecs away and 23.58 kiloparsecs (76,900 ly) in diameter.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sombrero Galaxy</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

The Sombrero Galaxy is a peculiar galaxy of unclear classification in the constellation borders of Virgo and Corvus, being about 9.55 megaparsecs from the Milky Way galaxy. It is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. It has an isophotal diameter of approximately 29.09 to 32.32 kiloparsecs, making it slightly bigger in size than the Milky Way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Omega Centauri</span> Globular cluster in the constellation Centaurus

Omega Centauri is a globular cluster in the constellation of Centaurus that was first identified as a non-stellar object by Edmond Halley in 1677. Located at a distance of 17,090 light-years, it is the largest-known globular cluster in the Milky Way at a diameter of roughly 150 light-years. It is estimated to contain approximately 10 million stars, with a total mass of 4 million solar masses, making it the most massive known globular cluster in the Milky Way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 60</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo

Messier 60 or M60, also known as NGC 4649, is an elliptical galaxy approximately 57 million light-years away in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. Together with NGC 4647, it forms a pair known as Arp 116. Messier 60 and nearby elliptical galaxy Messier 59 were discovered by Johann Gottfried Koehler in April 1779, observing a comet in the same part of the sky. Charles Messier added both to his catalogue about three days after this.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4526</span> Lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4526 is a lenticular galaxy with an embedded dusty disc, located approximately 55 million light-years from the Solar System in the Virgo constellation and discovered on 13 April 1784 by William Herschel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IC 1101</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

IC 1101 is a class S0 supergiant (cD) lenticular galaxy at the center of the Abell 2029 galaxy cluster. It has an isophotal diameter at about 123.65 to 169.61 kiloparsecs. It possesses a diffuse core which is the largest known core of any galaxy to date, and contains a supermassive black hole, one of the largest discovered. The galaxy is located at 354.0 megaparsecs from Earth. The galaxy was discovered on 19 June 1790, by the British astronomer William Herschel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanny's Voorwerp</span> Astronomical object appearing as a bright blob, discovered by Hanny van Arkel

Hanny's Voorwerp is a type of astronomical object called a quasar ionization echo. It was discovered in 2007 by Dutch schoolteacher Hanny van Arkel while she was participating as a volunteer in the Galaxy Zoo project, part of the Zooniverse group of citizen science websites. Photographically, it appears as a bright blob close to spiral galaxy IC 2497 in the constellation Leo Minor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4041</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 4041 is the New General Catalogue identifier for a spiral galaxy in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It is located an estimated 70 million light years from the Sun. The morphological classification of SA(rs)bc indicates this is a spiral galaxy the lacks a bar; the 'rs' means it has a weakly-formed ring structure, and the 'bc' indicates the spiral arms are moderately to loosely wound.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1614</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1614 is the New General Catalogue identifier for a spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Eridanus. It was discovered on December 29, 1885 by American astronomer Lewis Swift, who described it in a shorthand notation as: pretty faint, small, round, a little brighter middle. The nebula was then catalogued by Danish-Irish astronomer J. L. E. Drayer in 1888. When direct photography became available, it was noted that this galaxy displayed some conspicuous peculiarities. American astronomer Halton Arp included it in his 1966 Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. In 1971, Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky described it as a "blue post-eruptive galaxy, compact patchy core, spiral plumes, long blue jet SSW".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7469</span> Galaxy located in the constellation Pegasus

NGC 7469 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation of Pegasus. NGC 7469 is located about 200 million light-years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 7469 is approximately 90,000 light-years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on November 12, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 541</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 541 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It is located at a distance of about 230 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 541 is about 130,000 light years across. It was discovered by Heinrich d'Arrest on October 30, 1864. It is a member of the Abell 194 galaxy cluster and is included in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies in the category galaxies with nearby fragments. NGC 541 is a radio galaxy of Fanaroff–Riley class I, also known as 3C 40A.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 985</span> Ring galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 985 is a ring galaxy in the constellation of Cetus. It is located about 550 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 985 is approximately 160,000 light years across. It was discovered by Francis Leavenworth in 1886. It is a type 1 Seyfert galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3585</span> Galaxy in the constellation Hydra

NGC 3585 is an elliptical or a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Hydra. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3585 is about 80,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 9, 1784.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IC 1459</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Grus

IC 1459 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Grus. It is located at a distance of circa 85 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that IC 1459 is about 130,000 light-years across. It was discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard in 1892.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 545</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 545 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Cetus. It is located at a distance of about 250 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 545 is about 180,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on October 1, 1785. It is a member of the Abell 194 galaxy cluster and is included along with NGC 547 in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1142</span> Interacting and distorted spiral galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 1142 is a distorted spiral galaxy in the constellation of Cetus. It is located about 370 million light years away from Earth, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 1142 is approximately 170,000 light years across. It is a type 2 Seyfert galaxy. It interacts with the elliptical galaxy NGC 1141.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3995</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3995 is a Magellanic spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major. The galaxy lies about 100 million light years away from Earth based on the Tully–Fisher relation, which means, given its apparent dimensions, that NGC 3995 is approximately 80,000 light years across, while based on redshift it lies 170 million light years away. It was discovered by Heinrich d'Arrest on February 5, 1864.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "IC 298". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  2. 1 2 "Hubble Scores a Perfect Ten: Fast Facts". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. October 30, 2008. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  3. 1 2 3 Rappaport, S.; Levine, A. (August 2, 2010). "Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources In Arp 147". The Astrophysical Journal. 721 (2). The American Astronomical Society: 1348–1355. arXiv: 1007.3271 . Bibcode:2010ApJ...721.1348R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/721/2/1348. S2CID   12231683.
  4. 1 2 "Cosmic Valentine's Day Photo Reveals Black Hole Ring". Space.com. February 9, 2011. Retrieved December 1, 2013.
  5. ↑ Courtney Seligman. "IC Objects: IC 250 – 299". CSeligman.com. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  6. 1 2 3 4 "Arp 147: Giant Ring of Black Holes". Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. February 9, 2011. Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  7. ↑ Nemiroff, R.; Bonnell, J., eds. (4 November 2008). "The Double Ring Galaxies of Arp 147 from Hubble". Astronomy Picture of the Day . NASA . Retrieved November 30, 2013.
  8. ↑ Gerber, Richard; Lamb, Susan (November 1992). "A model for ring galaxies – ARP 147-like systems". Astrophysical Journal Letters. 399 (1). The American Astronomical Society: L51–L54. Bibcode:1992ApJ...399L..51G. doi: 10.1086/186604 .
  9. ↑ Ian Sample (October 30, 2008). "Hubble out of trouble". The Guardian . Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Fogarty, Lisa; Niranjan, Thatte (May 2011). "SWIFT Observations of the Arp 147 Ring galaxy system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society . 417 (2). Royal Astronomical Society: 835–844. arXiv: 1105.4423 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.417..835F. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19066.x. S2CID   119303860.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.