NGC 1052

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NGC 1052
N1042s.jpg
NGC 1052 (center left) and NGC 1042 (center right) as imaged by Schulman Telescope. Credit: Adam Block/Mount Lemmon SkyCenter/University of Arizona
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Right ascension 02h 41m 04.79851s [1]
Declination −08° 15′ 20.7517″ [1]
Redshift 0.004930 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 1474 ± 26 km/s [1]
Distance 62.0  Mly (19.00  Mpc) [2]
Group or cluster NGC 1052 Group [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)10.47 [2]
Apparent magnitude  (B)11.41 [2]
Characteristics
Type E4 [2]
Apparent size  (V)3.0′ × 2.1′ [2]
Other designations
MCG -01-07-034, PGC 10175 [1]

NGC 1052 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Cetus. It was discovered on January 10, 1785 by the astronomer William Herschel. [3] It is a member of the eponymous NGC 1052 Group. [1]

Contents

Features

NGC  1052 is located at a distance of around 63 million light years from the Milky Way, [4] and has a LINER-type active galactic nucleus which signals the intense starburst activity in the galaxy's center [5] that were confirmed with observations with better resolution showing a number of star-forming regions and young star clusters. [6]

NGC 1052 shows also two small jets emerging from its nucleus as well as a very extended disc of neutral hydrogen, far larger than the galaxy itself. [7] Additionally, the stars and the ionized gas rotate along different axes. [8] All these features suggesting a gas-rich galaxy collided and merged with it 1 billion years ago producing all the above features. [6]

The shape of NGC 1052 is thought to be a triaxial ellipsoid. The longest axis of the ellipsoid is probably aligned at a position angle of −41°, which is the axis around which the ionized gas would be rotating. [8]

A scale image of NGC 1052 and its satellite galaxies is available at the reference. [9]

Central black hole

NGC 1052 hosts a rapidly rotating supermassive black hole with a mass of 154 million M☉ [10] with a large magnetic field of 2.6 Tesla [11] , which, according to astronomer Anne-Kathrin Baczko, the leader of the team that made this discovery, provides enough magnetic energy to power the previously mentioned twin relativistic jets. [12]

This black hole is a promising target for imaging by the Event Horizon Telescope. [11] The location of the black hole in NGC 1052 was by 2016 the most precisely known in the universe, with the exception of Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole found at the heart of our own galaxy. [12] [11]

See also

Related Research Articles

An active galactic nucleus (AGN) is a compact region at the center of a galaxy that emits a significant amount of energy across the electromagnetic spectrum, with characteristics indicating that this luminosity is not produced by the stars. Such excess, non-stellar emissions have been observed in the radio, microwave, infrared, optical, ultra-violet, X-ray and gamma ray wavebands. A galaxy hosting an AGN is called an active galaxy. The non-stellar radiation from an AGN is theorized to result from the accretion of matter by a supermassive black hole at the center of its host galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 87</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo

Messier 87 is a supergiant elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo that contains several trillion stars. One of the largest and most massive galaxies in the local universe, it has a large population of globular clusters—about 15,000 compared with the 150–200 orbiting the Milky Way—and a jet of energetic plasma that originates at the core and extends at least 1,500 parsecs, traveling at a relativistic speed. It is one of the brightest radio sources in the sky and a popular target for both amateur and professional astronomers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supermassive black hole</span> Largest type of black hole

A supermassive black hole is the largest type of black hole, with its mass being on the order of hundreds of thousands, or millions to billions, of times the mass of the Sun (M☉). Black holes are a class of astronomical objects that have undergone gravitational collapse, leaving behind spheroidal regions of space from which nothing can escape, including light. Observational evidence indicates that almost every large galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center. For example, the Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, corresponding to the radio source Sagittarius A*. Accretion of interstellar gas onto supermassive black holes is the process responsible for powering active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and quasars.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sombrero Galaxy</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

The Sombrero Galaxy is a peculiar galaxy of unclear classification in the constellation borders of Virgo and Corvus, being about 9.55 megaparsecs from the Milky Way galaxy. It is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. It has an isophotal diameter of approximately 29.09 to 32.32 kiloparsecs, making it slightly bigger in size than the Milky Way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 32</span> Dwarf elliptical galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

Messier 32 is a dwarf "early-type" galaxy about 2,650,000 light-years (810,000 pc) from the Solar System, appearing in the constellation Andromeda. M32 is a satellite galaxy of the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) and was discovered by Guillaume Le Gentil in 1749.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 85</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

Messier 85 is a lenticular galaxy, or elliptical galaxy for other authors, in the Coma Berenices constellation. It is 60 million light-years away, and has a diameter of about 36.99 kiloparsecs across.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 89</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo

Messier 89 is an elliptical galaxy in the constellation Virgo. It was discovered by Charles Messier on March 18, 1781. M89 is a member of the Virgo Cluster of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3115</span> Galaxy in the constellation Sextans

NGC 3115 is a field lenticular (S0) galaxy in the constellation Sextans. The galaxy was discovered by William Herschel on February 22, 1787. At about 32 million light-years away from Earth, it is several times bigger than the Milky Way. It is a lenticular (S0) galaxy because it contains a disk and a central bulge of stars, but without a detectable spiral pattern. NGC 3115 is seen almost exactly edge-on, but was nevertheless mis-classified as elliptical. There is some speculation that NGC 3115, in its youth, was a quasar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1316</span> Lenticular radio galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1316 is a lenticular galaxy about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Fornax. It is a radio galaxy and at 1400 MHz is the fourth-brightest radio source in the sky.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3227</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3227 is an intermediate spiral galaxy that is interacting with the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 3226. The two galaxies are one of several examples of a spiral with a dwarf elliptical companion that are listed in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. Both galaxies may be found in the constellation Leo. It is a member of the NGC 3227 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3226</span> Dwarf elliptical galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3226 is a dwarf elliptical galaxy that is interacting with the spiral galaxy NGC 3227. They were both discovered by German-British astronomer William Herschel on 15 February 1784. The two galaxies are one of several examples of a spiral with a dwarf elliptical companion that are listed in the Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies. Both galaxies may be found in the constellation Leo. It is a member of the NGC 3227 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Leo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the right edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5548</span> Type I Seyfert galaxy in the constellation Boötes

NGC 5548 is a Type I Seyfert galaxy with a bright, active nucleus. This activity is caused by matter flowing onto a 65 million solar mass (M☉) supermassive black hole at the core. Morphologically, this is an unbarred lenticular galaxy with tightly-wound spiral arms, while shell and tidal tail features suggest that it has undergone a cosmologically-recent merger or interaction event. NGC 5548 is approximately 245 million light years away and appears in the constellation Boötes. The apparent visual magnitude of NGC 5548 is approximately 13.3 in the V band.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4696</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation Centaurus

NGC 4696 is an elliptical galaxy. It lies around 145,000,000 light-years (44,000,000 pc) away in the constellation Centaurus. It is the brightest galaxy in the Centaurus Cluster, a large, rich cluster of galaxies in the constellation of the same name. The galaxy is surrounded by many dwarf elliptical galaxies also located within the cluster. There is believed to be a supermassive black hole at the center of the galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6166</span> Galaxy in the constellation Hercules

NGC 6166 is an elliptical galaxy in the Abell 2199 cluster. It lies 490 million light years away in the constellation Hercules. The primary galaxy in the cluster, it is one of the most luminous galaxies known in terms of X-ray emissions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3862</span> Galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3862 is an elliptical galaxy located 300 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. Discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 27, 1785, NGC 3862 is an outlying member of the Leo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 708</span> Galaxy in the constellation Andromeda

NGC 708 is an elliptical galaxy located 240 million light-years away in the constellation Andromeda and was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on September 21, 1786. It is classified as a cD galaxy and is the brightest member of Abell 262. NGC 708 is a weak FR I radio galaxy and is also classified as a type 2 Seyfert galaxy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4636</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4636 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is a member of the NGC 4753 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. It is located at a distance of about 55 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4636 is about 105,000 light years across.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5846</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 5846 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is located at a distance of circa 90 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5846 is about 110,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on February 24, 1786. It lies near 110 Virginis and is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue. It is a member of the NGC 5846 Group of galaxies, itself one of the Virgo III Groups strung out to the east of the Virgo Supercluster of galaxies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IC 1459</span> Elliptical galaxy in the constellation of Grus

IC 1459 is an elliptical galaxy located in the constellation Grus. It is located at a distance of circa 85 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that IC 1459 is about 130,000 light-years across. It was discovered by Edward Emerson Barnard in 1892.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NGC 1052". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Gil de Paz, Armando; et al. (December 2007). "The GALEX Ultraviolet Atlas of Nearby Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 173 (2): 185–255. arXiv: astro-ph/0606440 . Bibcode:2007ApJS..173..185G. doi:10.1086/516636. S2CID   119085482.
  3. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "New General Catalogue objects: NGC 1050 - 1099". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2021-02-19.
  4. ↑ J. L. Tonry; A. Dressler; J.P. Blakeslee; E.A. Ajhar; A.B. Fletcher; G. A. Luppino; M. R. Metzger; C.B. Moore (2001). "The SBF Survey of Galaxy Distances. IV. SBF Magnitudes, Colors, and Distances". Astrophysical Journal. 546 (2): 681–693. arXiv: astro-ph/0011223 . Bibcode:2001ApJ...546..681T. doi:10.1086/318301. S2CID   17628238.
  5. ↑ Pierce, Michael; Brodie, Jean P.; Forbes, Duncan A.; Beasley, Michael A.; Proctor, Robert; Strader, Jay (2005). "The evolutionary history of the elliptical galaxy NGC 1052". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 358 (1): 419–431. arXiv: astro-ph/0501066 . Bibcode:2005MNRAS.358..419P. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2005.08778.x . S2CID   16977888.
  6. 1 2 Fernández-Ontiveros, J.A.; López-Sanjuan, C.; Montes, M.; Prieto, M. A.; Acosta-Pulido, J.A. (2011). "The most recent burst of star formation in the massive elliptical galaxy NGC 1052". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters. 411 (1): L21–L25. arXiv: 1011.2498 . Bibcode:2011MNRAS.411L..21F. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00985.x . S2CID   119232954.
  7. ↑ "Notes for NGC 1052". NED. Cal Tech.
  8. 1 2 Davies, R. L.; Illingworth, G. D. (1986). "The dynamics of the active galaxy NGC 1052". The Astrophysical Journal. 302: 234. Bibcode:1986ApJ...302..234D. doi:10.1086/163985.
  9. ↑ Dokkum, Pieter. "image of NGC 1052". twitter.
  10. ↑ Brenneman, L. W.; Weaver, K. A.; Kadler, M.; Tueller, J.; Marscher, A.; Ros, E.; Zensus, A.; Kovalev, Y.Y.; Aller, M.; Aller, H.; Irwin, J.; Kerp, J.; Kaufmann, S. (2009). "Spectral analysis of the accretion flow in NGC 1052 with Suzaku". The Astrophysical Journal. 698 (1): 528–540. arXiv: 0903.3583 . Bibcode:2009ApJ...698..528B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/698/1/528. S2CID   464273.
  11. 1 2 3 "Event Horizon Telescope: Moving towards a close-up of a black hole and its jets". Chalmers University of Technology. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  12. 1 2 "Twin jets pinpoint the heart of an active galaxy". phys.org. Retrieved 1 April 2018.
  13. ↑ Van Dokkum, Pieter; Danieli, Shany; Abraham, Roberto; Conroy, Charlie; Romanowsky, Aaron J. (2019). "A Second Galaxy Missing Dark Matter in the NGC 1052 Group". The Astrophysical Journal. 874 (1): L5. arXiv: 1901.05973 . Bibcode:2019ApJ...874L...5V. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab0d92 . S2CID   102486855.


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