NGC 1365

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NGC 1365
Portrait of the Great Barred Spiral.jpg
NGC 1365 imaged by the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Fornax
Right ascension 03h 33m 36.4s [1]
Declination −36° 08′ 25″ [1]
Redshift 0.005457±0.000003 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 1,636±1  km/s [1]
Distance 74  Mly (22.69  Mpc)h−1
0.6774
( Light-travel )
Group or cluster Fornax Cluster
Apparent magnitude  (V)10.3 [1]
Characteristics
Type (R')SBb(s)b [1]
Size201,700 to 306,800  ly
(61.85 to 94.08  kpc)
( diameter; 2MASS K-band total and D25.5 B-band isophotes) [1]
Apparent size  (V)11.2′ × 6.2′ [1]
Other designations
Great Barred Spiral Galaxy, ESO 358-G 017, NGC 1365, UGC 5887, LEDA 13179, MCG -06-08-026, PGC 13179 [1] , VV 825

NGC 1365, also known as the Fornax Propeller Galaxy [2] or the Great Barred Spiral Galaxy, [3] is a double-barred spiral galaxy about 56 million light-years away [4] in the constellation Fornax. It was discovered on 2 September 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop. [5]

Contents

Characteristics

NGC 1365 is a large barred spiral galaxy in the Fornax cluster. Within the larger long bar stretching across the center of the galaxy appears to be a smaller bar that comprises the core, with an apparent size of about 50″ × 40″. [6] This second bar is more prominent in infrared images of the central region of the galaxy, and likely arises from a combination of dynamical instabilities of stellar orbits in the region, along with gravity, density waves, and the overall rotation of the disc. The inner bar structure likely rotates as a whole more rapidly than the larger long bar, creating the diagonal shape seen in images.

The spiral arms extend in a wide curve north and south from the ends of the east–west bar and form an almost ring like Z-shaped halo. [6] Astronomers think NGC 1365's prominent bar plays a crucial role in the galaxy's evolution, drawing gas and dust into a star-forming maelstrom and ultimately feeding material into the central black hole. [7]

NGC 1365, including its two outer spiral arms, spreads over around 300,000 light-years. Different parts of the galaxy take different times to make a full rotation around the core of the galaxy, with the outer parts of the bar completing one circuit in about 350 million years. NGC 1365 and other galaxies of its type have come to more prominence in recent years with new observations indicating that the Milky Way could also be a barred spiral galaxy. Such galaxies are quite common — two thirds of spiral galaxies are barred according to recent estimates, and studying others can help astronomers understand our own galactic home. [8]

Supernovae

Four supernovae have been observed in NGC 1365:

Supermassive black hole

The central supermassive black hole in the active nucleus, which has a mass of about 2 million solar masses or half the mass of the Milky Way's central black hole Sagittarius A*, rotates at close to the speed of light. These observations, announced in February 2013, were made using the X-ray telescope satellite NuSTAR. [18] [19]

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 61</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3184</span> Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3184, the Little Pinwheel Galaxy, is a spiral galaxy approximately 40 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major. Its name comes from its resemblance to the Pinwheel Galaxy. It was discovered on 18 March 1787 by German-British astronomer William Herschel. It has two HII regions named NGC 3180 and NGC 3181.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7331</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pegasus

NGC 7331, also known as Caldwell 30, is an unbarred spiral galaxy about 40 million light-years (12 Mpc) away in the constellation Pegasus. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1784. NGC 7331 is the brightest galaxy in the field of a visual grouping known as the NGC 7331 Group of galaxies. In fact, the other members of the group, NGC 7335, NGC 7336, NGC 7337 and NGC 7340, lie far in the background at distances of approximately 300–350 million light years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1300</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4725</span> Galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1532</span> Galaxy in the constellation Eridanus

NGC 1532, also known as Haley's Coronet, is an edge-on barred spiral galaxy located approximately 50 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Eridanus. The galaxy was discovered by James Dunlop on 29 October 1826.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1097</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1097 is a barred spiral galaxy about 45 million light years away in the constellation Fornax. It was discovered by William Herschel on 9 October 1790. It is a severely interacting galaxy with obvious tidal debris and distortions caused by interaction with the companion galaxy NGC 1097A.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2207 and IC 2163</span> Pair of colliding spiral galaxies in the constellation Canis Major

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 5033</span> Galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1090</span> Galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 1090 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Cetus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4639</span> Galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4639 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the equatorial constellation of Virgo. It was discovered by German-born astronomer William Herschel on April 12, 1784. John L. E. Dreyer described it as "pretty bright, small, extended, mottled but not resolved, 12th magnitude star 1 arcmin to southeast". This is a relatively nearby galaxy, lying approximately 72 million light-years away from the Milky Way. It is a companion to NGC 4654, and the two appear to have interacted roughly 500 million years ago. NGC 4639 is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1350</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1350 is a spiral galaxy located 87 million light years away in the southern constellation Fornax. It was discovered by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop on 24 November 1826.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 7424</span> Galaxy in the constellation Grus

NGC 7424 is a barred spiral galaxy located 37.5 million light-years away in the southern constellation Grus. Its size makes it similar to our own galaxy, the Milky Way. It is called a "grand design" galaxy because of its well defined spiral arms. Two supernovae and two ultraluminous X-ray sources have been discovered in NGC 7424.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 6181</span> Galaxy in the constellation Hercules

NGC 6181 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Hercules. It is designated as SB(rs)c in the galaxy morphological classification scheme and was discovered by William Herschel on 28 April 1788. The galaxy is 107 million light years away.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 266</span> Galaxy in the constellation Pisces

NGC 266 is a massive barred spiral galaxy in the constellation Pisces. NGC 266 is located at a distance of 197 megalight-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered on September 12, 1784, by William Herschel. The form of this barred galaxy is described by its morphological classification of SB(rs)ab, which indicates a quasi-ring-like structure (rs) and moderate-to-tightly wound spiral arms (ab).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 4699</span> Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4699 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is located at a distance of about 65 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4699 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1786. It is a member of the NGC 4699 Group of galaxies, which is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3147</span> Galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 3147 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located at a distance of about 130 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3147 is about 140,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 3, 1785.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 2525</span> Galaxy in the constellation Puppis

NGC 2525 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Puppis. It is located at a distance of about 70 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 2525 is about 60,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on February 23, 1791.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 3393</span> Galaxy in the constellation Hydra

NGC 3393 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Hydra. It is located at a distance of circa 180 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3393 is about 140,000 light-years across. It was discovered by John Herschel on March 24, 1835. It is a Type II Seyfert galaxy, known to host two supermassive black holes, which are the nearest known pair of supermassive black holes to Earth.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 1365. Retrieved 2006-11-21.
  2. ↑ Stoyan, Ronald; Schurig, Stephan (2014). interstellarum Deep Sky Atlas. Erlangen: Cambridge University Press; Oculum-Verlag GmbH. ISBN   978-1-107-50338-0. OCLC   920437579.
  3. ↑ Garlick, Mark A. (2004). Astronomy: A Visual Guide . Firefly Books. p.  293. ISBN   978-1-55297-958-7.
  4. ↑ NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, J. Lee (STScI), T. Williams (Oxford), PHANGS Team https://esawebb.org/images/weic2403f/
  5. ↑ Seligman, Courtney. "NGC 1365". Celestial Atlas. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  6. 1 2 Kepple, George Robert; Glen W. Sanner (1998). The Night Sky Observer's Guide. Vol. 1. Willmann-Bell, Inc. p. 198. ISBN   978-0-943396-58-3.
  7. ↑ "APOD: 2018 December 28 - NGC 1365: Majestic Island Universe". NASA. 28 December 2018. Retrieved 28 July 2019.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  8. ↑ "An Elegant Galaxy in an Unusual Light". European Southern Observatory. 22 September 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2019. CC-BY icon.svg Material was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  9. ↑ admin. "NGC 1365: The Great Barred Spiral Galaxy | Constellation Guide" . Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  10. ↑ "SN 1957C". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  11. ↑ Mattei, J.; Cragg, T.; Evans, R. (1983). "Supernova in NGC 1365". International Astronomical Union Circular (3895): 1. Bibcode:1983IAUC.3895....1M.
  12. ↑ Lindblad, P. O.; Grosbol, P. (1983). "Supernova in NGC 1365". International Astronomical Union Circular (3897): 1. Bibcode:1983IAUC.3897....1L.
  13. ↑ "SN 1983V". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  14. ↑ "Supernova 2001du in NGC 1365". www.rochesterastronomy.org. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
  15. ↑ Evans, R.; Bock, G.; Marples, P.; Garradd, G. J.; Salvo, M.; Schmidt, B.; Ashley, M.; Phillips, A.; Stubbs, C.; Francis, P.; Hale, A. (2001). "Supernova 2001du in NGC 1365". International Astronomical Union Circular (7690): 1. Bibcode:2001IAUC.7690....1E.
  16. ↑ "SN 2001du". Transient Name Server. IAU . Retrieved 30 November 2024.
  17. ↑ Klotz, A.; Maury, A.; Childress, M.; Zhou, G.; Tucker, B.; Bayliss, D.; Scalzo, R.; Yuan, F.; Schmidt, B.; Buil, C. (2012-10-01). "Supernova 2012fr in NGC 1365 = Psn J03333599-3607377". Central Bureau Electronic Telegrams. 3275: 1. Bibcode:2012CBET.3275....1K.
  18. ↑ Reynolds, Christopher (2013). "Astrophysics: Black holes in a spin". Nature. 494 (7438): 432–433. Bibcode:2013Natur.494..432R. doi: 10.1038/494432a . PMID   23446411. S2CID   205076505.
  19. ↑ - Unambiguous Determination of the Spin of the Black Hole in NGC 1365


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