NGC 1375

NGC 1375
NGC 1375
	Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 1375 (down) and NGC 1374 (up)
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation	Fornax
Right ascension	03h 35.16m
Declination	−35° 13′
Redshift	643 km/s
Distance	8.5 megaparsecs (28 Mly)
Apparent magnitude (V)	12.2
Characteristics
Type	SB0 pec
Apparent size (V)	2.3′ × 0.9′ (23 000 light-years in diameter)
Notable features	Boxy-shaped bulge
Other designations
	MCG -06-08-030, PGC 13266

Last updated June 29, 2023

NGC 1375 is a barred lenticular galaxy in the constellation Fornax discovered by John Herschel on November 29, 1837. It is believed to be a member of the Fornax Cluster.

Distance and diameter estimates

It is at an estimated distance of 28 million light years. This distance is calculated from its estimated recession velocity, the lowest one in the entire Fornax Cluster, about 643 km/s. This led to uncertainties about its membership in the Fornax Cluster and also means that it is uncertain whether it forms a pair with another nearby galaxy in the night sky, NGC 1374. NGC 1375 may be a foreground galaxy that has nothing to do with the Fornax Cluster.

NGC 1375 is a member of the NGC 1386 Group, which also includes NGC 1386, NGC 1389 and NGC 1396, galaxies with similar uncertainties in distance.^[3] Its position in the night sky is near the center of the cluster and central galaxy NGC 1399, while the closest galaxy after NGC 1374, outside the pair, is NGC 1373. NGC 1375's size in the night sky is 2.3′ x 0.9′ which, with the galaxy's distance, gives a diameter of 23,000 light-years.

Classification

NGC 1375 is an early-type galaxy with a Hubble classification of SB0 pec, indicating it is a barred lenticular galaxy.

Despite their name, early-type galaxies are much older than spiral galaxies, and mostly comprise old, red-colored stars. Very little star formation occurs in these galaxies; the lack of star formation in elliptical galaxies appears to start at the center and then slowly propagates outward.^[4] This is an early-type lenticular galaxy, with a similar nature to early-type ellipticals.

Boxy bulge

This galaxy contains a boxy bulge. It is one of the few lenticular galaxies containing such a bulge; another is NGC 1175. Boxy bulges have been found in mostly edge-on galaxies to date. The origin of this bulge is unknown. However, recent studies show they are not possible only for edge-on galaxies but for galaxies with an inclination of less than 70°, of type S0 and Sb, like NGC 1532, also in the Fornax Cluster. Boxy bulges found in other galaxies with much less inclination include those of barred spiral galaxies NGC 3049 and IC 676.^[5]

Related Research Articles

Fornax is a constellation in the southern celestial hemisphere, partly ringed by the celestial river Eridanus. Its name is Latin for furnace. It was named by French astronomer Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in 1756. Fornax is one of the 88 modern constellations.

The Hubble sequence is a morphological classification scheme for galaxies published by Edwin Hubble in 1926. It is often colloquially known as the Hubble tuning-fork diagram because the shape in which it is traditionally represented resembles a tuning fork. It was invented by John Henry Reynolds and Sir James Jeans.

An elliptical galaxy is a type of galaxy with an approximately ellipsoidal shape and a smooth, nearly featureless image. They are one of the four main classes of galaxy described by Edwin Hubble in his Hubble sequence and 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae, along with spiral and lenticular galaxies. Elliptical (E) galaxies are, together with lenticular galaxies (S0) with their large-scale disks, and ES galaxies with their intermediate scale disks, a subset of the "early-type" galaxy population.

A lenticular galaxy is a type of galaxy intermediate between an elliptical and a spiral galaxy in galaxy morphological classification schemes. It contains a large-scale disc but does not have large-scale spiral arms. Lenticular galaxies are disc galaxies that have used up or lost most of their interstellar matter and therefore have very little ongoing star formation. They may, however, retain significant dust in their disks. As a result, they consist mainly of aging stars. Despite the morphological differences, lenticular and elliptical galaxies share common properties like spectral features and scaling relations. Both can be considered early-type galaxies that are passively evolving, at least in the local part of the Universe. Connecting the E galaxies with the S0 galaxies are the ES galaxies with intermediate-scale discs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galaxy morphological classification</span> System for categorizing galaxies based on appearance

Galaxy morphological classification is a system used by astronomers to divide galaxies into groups based on their visual appearance. There are several schemes in use by which galaxies can be classified according to their morphologies, the most famous being the Hubble sequence, devised by Edwin Hubble and later expanded by Gérard de Vaucouleurs and Allan Sandage. However, galaxy classification and morphology are now largely done using computational methods and physical morphology.

NGC 1532, also known as Haley's Coronet, is an edge-on barred spiral galaxy located approximately 50 million light-years from the Solar System in the constellation Eridanus. The galaxy was discovered by James Dunlop on 29 October 1826.

NGC 1316 is a lenticular galaxy about 60 million light-years away in the constellation Fornax. It is a radio galaxy and at 1400 MHz is the fourth-brightest radio source in the sky.

NGC 2787 is a barred lenticular galaxy approximately 24 million light-years away in the northern constellation of Ursa Major. It was discovered on December 3, 1788 by German-born astronomer William Herschel. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "bright, pretty large, a little extended 90°, much brighter middle, mottled but not resolved, very small (faint) star involved to the southeast". The visible galaxy has an angular size of 2′.5 × 1′.5 and an apparent visual magnitude of 11.8.

The Dorado Group is a loose concentration of galaxies containing both spirals and ellipticals. It is generally considered a 'galaxy group' but may approach the size of a 'galaxy cluster'. It lies primarily in the southern constellation Dorado and is one of the richest galaxy groups of the Southern Hemisphere. Gérard de Vaucouleurs was the first to identify it in 1975 as a large complex nebulae II in the Dorado region, designating it as G16.

The Eridanus Group, sometimes called the Eridanus Cloud, is a nearby loose grouping of galaxies at a mean distance of approximately 75 Mly in the constellation Eridanus. Redshift values show that there are approximately 200 galaxies associated with the group, approximately 70% of which are spiral and irregular type galaxies while the remaining 30% are elliptical and lenticular types.

NGC 4608 is a barred lenticular galaxy located in the constellation of Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. At about 56 million light-years away, it is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

NGC 4596 is a barred lenticular galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4596 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. NGC 4596 is a member of the Virgo Cluster and has an inclination of about 38°.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1380</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1380 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Fornax. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 1380 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by James Dunlop on September 2, 1826. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster.

NGC 4665, also catalogued as NGC 4624 and NGC 4664, is a barred lenticular or spiral galaxy located in the constellation Virgo. It is a member of the Virgo II Groups, a series of galaxies and galaxy clusters strung out from the southern edge of the Virgo Supercluster. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 4665 is about 75,000 light years across. NGC 4665 lies 2 and 3/4 degrees east-south east of Delta Virginis and 50 arcminutes southwest of 35 Virginis. It can be viewed through a moderately sized telescope with 23x magnification, forming a pair with an 11th magnitude star 1.5 arcminutes southwest. It is part of the Herschel 400 Catalogue.

NGC 1381 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Fornax. It is located at a distance of about 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 1381 is about 55,000 light years across. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster. NGC 1381 appears edge-on and features a thin disk with high surface brightness and a boxy bulge. Both the box-shaped bulge and the kinematics of the central area of the galaxy suggest that NGC 1381 has a bar.

NGC 1387 is a lenticular galaxy in the constellation Fornax, in the Fornax Cluster. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 25, 1835.

NGC 1374 is a low-luminosity elliptical galaxy in the southern constellation Fornax. It was discovered by John Herschel on November 29, 1837.

NGC 1460 is a barred lenticular galaxy in the constellation Eridanus. It was discovered by John Herschel on November 28, 1837. It is moving away from the Milky Way at 1341 km/s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NGC 1379</span> Galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1379 is a low-luminosity elliptical galaxy in the southern constellation Fornax. It was discovered by William Herschel on December 25, 1835.

NGC 1406 is almost edge-on barred spiral galaxy in constellation Fornax. It was discovered by John Herschel on 18 November 1835.

References

1 2 3 4 5 Dunlop, Storm (2005). Atlas of the Night Sky . Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-717223-8.
↑ "NGC 1375". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2021-02-22.
↑ "Les amas du Fourneau et de l'Eridan". atunivers.free.fr. Retrieved 2020-04-29.
↑ Howell, Elizabeth (2015). "Colossal Ancient Galaxies Die from the Inside Out". space.com. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
↑ Erwin, Peter; Debattista, Victor P. (June 2013). "Peanuts at an angle: detecting and measuring the three-dimensional structure of bars in moderately inclined galaxies". MNRAS. 431 (4): 3060–3086. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.431.3060E. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt385 . ISSN 0035-8711.

External links

Media related to NGC 1375 at Wikimedia Commons

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[nightsky-1] 1 2 3 4 5 Dunlop, Storm (2005). Atlas of the Night Sky . Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-717223-8.

[2] "NGC 1375". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2021-02-22.

[3] "Les amas du Fourneau et de l'Eridan". atunivers.free.fr. Retrieved 2020-04-29.

[4] Howell, Elizabeth (2015). "Colossal Ancient Galaxies Die from the Inside Out". space.com. Retrieved 5 March 2017.

[5] Erwin, Peter; Debattista, Victor P. (June 2013). "Peanuts at an angle: detecting and measuring the three-dimensional structure of bars in moderately inclined galaxies". MNRAS. 431 (4): 3060–3086. Bibcode:2013MNRAS.431.3060E. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stt385 . ISSN 0035-8711.

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