List of Entolomataceae genera

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The mushroom genera in the family Entolomataceae collectively contain over 1500 species, the large majority of which are in Entoloma . [1] [2] There have been many different classifications of this group, and so the table below includes not only genera which are supposedly current, but also other proposed genera whose names have been important. For instance several taxa such as Leptonia and Nolanea were defined as independent genera, and are still sometimes used as such, but in recent classifications they have been demoted to being subgenera of Entoloma.

Previously there was a view that Entolomataceae with angular (polyhedral) spores should be classified in genus Entoloma , those with bumpy spores should be in Rhodocybe , and those with longitudinally ridged spores should be put in Clitopilus . However DNA studies in 2009 and 2017 have changed this situation for the Rhodocybe/Clitopilus group. Firstly Clitopilus was found to be a clade embedded within Rhodocybe meaning that to avoid polyphyly these genera have to be merged, and although Clitopilus is much smaller, its name takes precedence and should be used for the combined taxon. [2] Secondly on further analysis taking account of morphological characteristics, the older genera Clitopilopsis and Rhodophana have been resurrected [3] and a new genus Clitocella has been created. Also in 2011 the genus Entocybe was defined and accepted. [4] These changes are now incorporated in Species Fungorum and so they should be regarded as accepted. [5]

In spite of these changes Entoloma is an enormous genus, and it is not surprising that attempts have been made to split it up. [2] [6]

The photos sometimes show the type species of the group in question, or otherwise another typical species. Hold the cursor over a photo for more information.

Genus, author & dateCurrent statusFurther detailsImage
Alboleptonia Largent & R.G. Benedict (1970) [5] Transferred to Entoloma [7] Sometimes regarded as a subgenus of Entoloma. [8] Contains about 6 species, including E. sericellum. 2009-11-23 Entoloma sericellum 28643 cropped.jpg
Claudopus Gillet (1876) [5] Transferred to Entoloma [7] This old genus contained about 9 species which are now classified in the Entolomataceae (all Entoloma). Sometimes regarded as a subgenus of Entoloma. [8] Entoloma byssisedum 72251.jpg

Clitocella Kluting, T.J. Baroni & Bergemann (2014) [5]

Currently valid [7] [3] This new genus of 3 former Rhodocybe species, was defined based on distinctive spore wall characteristics. [3] 2012-08-16 Rhodocybe popinalis (Fr.) Singer 250271.jpg
Clitopilopsis Maire (1937) [5] Currently valid [7] [3] After having invented genus Rhodocybe, Maire made a new genus for these 5 species which was not accepted for many years, the species being classified in Clitopilus or Rhodocybe. Now after DNA analysis the genus has been resurrected. [3]  
Clitopilus (Fr. ex Rabenh.) P. Kumm. (1871)Currently valid [7] Should contain all species with longitudinally ridged spores and also recently most former Rhodocybe species have been moved into this genus. [2] [3] The best-known member is probably Clitopilus prunulus (the Miller). Clitopilus.prunulus2.-.lindsey.jpg
Eccilia (Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871) [5] Transferred to Entoloma (except E. haeusleriana) [7] May be considered a subgenus of Entoloma. These mushrooms have decurrent gills and have an omphalinoid or pleurotoid form. Contains almost the same species as Claudopus. [9] [10] Entoloma.undatum2.-.lindsey.jpg
Entocybe T.J. Baroni, V. Hofst. & Largent (2011)Currently valid [5] [7] Recently defined based on the spore shape and DNA analysis. [4] 2009-09-16 Entoloma nitidum 1.jpg
Entoloma (Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871)Currently valid [7] According to current definition, contains all species with angular spores. Entoloma sinuatum group.JPG
Inocephalus (Noordel.) P.D. Orton (1991) [5] Transferred to Entoloma [7] 2 species [8]  
Leptonia (Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871)Transferred to Entoloma [7] May be considered a subgenus of Entoloma. These mushrooms are collybioid and often have a navel-like depression in the centre of the cap. [9] Entoloma mougeotii 02.jpg
Nolanea (Fr.) P. Kumm. (1871)Transferred to Entoloma [7] May be considered a subgenus of Entoloma. Thin-fleshed species, often conical or campanulate, with gills often almost free from the stem. [9] Entoloma sericeum 081102w.JPG
Paraeccilia Largent (1994)Part of Entoloma [7] This genus proposed in 1994 contained 3 species. 
Pouzarella Mazzer (1976)Part of Entoloma [7] May be considered a subgenus of Entoloma, with about 10 species. These fungi have campanulate caps and dark gills, and have a fibrous stipe with coarse hairs at the base. [8] [11]  
Pouzaromyces Pilát (1953)Part of Entoloma [7] May be considered a subgenus of Entoloma, with about 9 species. There is overlap between this subgenus and Pouzarella (e.g. E. versatile). It is similar to Nolanea, but the cap is woolly/fibrous. [9]  
Rhodocybe Maire (1925)Obsolete [7] [5] Recently merged mostly into Clitopilus, the name of which takes historical priority, but some species moved to Clitocella, Clitopilopsis & Rhodophana. [2] [3] Rhodocybe gemina 20080828wc.JPG
Rhodocybella T.J. Baroni & R.H. Petersen (1987)Currently valid [7] Contains just one cyphelloid species, R. rhododendri. [12] [13] Not to be confused with Rhodocyphella , which belongs to the Tricholomataceae. 
Rhodogaster E. Horak (1964)Currently valid [7] Contains 2 gasteroid species. It is proposed that these species should be integrated into Entoloma. [2]  
Rhodophana Kühner (1971)Currently valid [7] Considered part of Rhodocybe but resurrected in 2014, based on clamp connections and structure of cap skin. [3] Rhodophana nitellina 734902.jpg
Rhodophyllus Quél. (1886)Obsolete synonym of Entoloma [7] This name was used by the influential French mycologists Kühner and Romagnesi. [14]  
Richoniella Costantin & L.M. Dufour (1916)Currently valid [7] Contains 5 gasteroid species. In spite of not having an agaric body plan, it is proposed that this genus should be integrated into Entoloma. [2]  

Related Research Articles

<i>Entoloma sinuatum</i> Species of poisonous fungus in the family Entolomataceae found across Europe and North America

Entoloma sinuatum is a poisonous mushroom found across Europe and North America. Some guidebooks refer to it by its older scientific names of Entoloma lividum or Rhodophyllus sinuatus. The largest mushroom of the genus of pink-spored fungi known as Entoloma, it is also the type species. Appearing in late summer and autumn, fruit bodies are found in deciduous woodlands on clay or chalky soils, or nearby parklands, sometimes in the form of fairy rings. Solid in shape, they resemble members of the genus Tricholoma. The ivory to light grey-brown cap is up to 20 cm (7.9 in) across with a margin that is rolled inward. The sinuate gills are pale and often yellowish, becoming pink as the spores develop. The thick whitish stem has no ring.

<i>Entoloma</i> Genus of fungi

Entoloma is a genus of fungi in the order Agaricales. Called pinkgills in English, basidiocarps are typically agaricoid, though a minority are gasteroid. All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the gills at maturity and are angular (polyhedral) under a microscope. The genus is large, with almost 2000 species worldwide. Most species are saprotrophic, but some are ectomycorrhizal, and a few are parasitic on other fungi. The type, Entoloma sinuatum, is one of several Entoloma species that are poisonous, typically causing mild to severe gastrointestinal illness.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Entolomataceae</span> Family of fungi

The Entolomataceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. The family contains eight genera and 2250 species, the majority of which are in Entoloma. Basidiocarps are typically agaricoid, but a minority are cyphelloid. secotioid, or gasteroid. All produce pink basidiospores that are variously angular (polyhedral), ridged, or nodulose. Species are mostly saprotrophic, though a few are parasitic on other fungi. The family occurs worldwide.

<i>Leptonia</i> Genus of fungi


Leptonia is a genus of fungi in the order Agaricales, frequently treated as a subgenus of Entoloma. Called pinkgills in English, basidiocarps are agaricoid, mostly mycenoid with slender stems. All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the gills at maturity and are angular (polyhedral) under a microscope. Recent DNA evidence has shown that at least 12 species belong in Leptonia in temperate Europe and Asia.

<i>Nolanea</i> Genus of fungi

Nolanea is a subgenus of fungi in the order Agaricales. Called pinkgills in English, basidiocarps are agaricoid, mostly mycenoid with slender stems. All have salmon-pink basidiospores which colour the gills at maturity and are angular (polyhedral) under a microscope. Recent DNA evidence has shown that at least 87 species belong to the subgenus Nolanea which has a worldwide distribution.

<i>Rhodocybe</i> Genus of fungi

Rhodocybe is a genus of fungi in the family Entolomataceae. Basidiocarps are agaricoid producing pink basidiospores that are unevenly roughened or pustular under the microscope. Species are saprotrophic and mostly grow on the ground, occasionally on wood. The genus is distributed worldwide.

<i>Entoloma hochstetteri</i> Species of fungus

Entoloma hochstetteri, also known as the blue pinkgill, sky-blue mushroom or similar names, is a species of mushroom that is native to New Zealand. The small mushroom is a distinctive all-blue colour, while the gills have a slight reddish tint from the spores. The blue colouring of the fruit body is due to azulene pigments. Whether Entoloma hochstetteri is poisonous or not is unknown.

<i>Rhodotus</i> Genus of fungus

Rhodotus is a genus in the fungus family Physalacriaceae. There are two species in the genus with the best known, Rhodotus palmatus, called the netted rhodotus, the rosy veincap, or the wrinkled peach. This uncommon species has a circumboreal distribution, and has been collected in eastern North America, northern Africa, Europe, and Asia; declining populations in Europe have led to its appearance in over half of the European fungal Red Lists of threatened species. Typically found growing on the stumps and logs of rotting hardwoods, mature specimens may usually be identified by the pinkish color and the distinctive ridged and veined surface of their rubbery caps; variations in the color and quantity of light received during development lead to variations in the size, shape, and cap color of fruit bodies.

<i>Hygrophoropsis</i> Genus of fungi

Hygrophoropsis is a genus of gilled fungi in the family Hygrophoropsidaceae. It was circumscribed in 1888 to contain the type species, H. aurantiaca, a widespread fungus that, based on its appearance, has been affiliated with Cantharellus, Clitocybe, and Paxillus. Modern molecular phylogenetic analysis shows that the genus belongs to the suborder Coniophorineae of the order Boletales.

<i>Entoloma austroprunicolor</i> Species of fungus

Entoloma austroprunicolor is a species of agaric fungus in the family Entolomataceae. Described as new to science in 2007, it is found in Tasmania, where it fruits on the ground of wet sclerophyll forests in late spring to early winter. The fruit bodies (mushrooms) have reddish-purple caps measuring up to 5 cm (2.0 in) in diameter supported by whitish stipes measuring 3–7.5 cm (1.2–3.0 in) long by 0.2–0.6 cm (0.1–0.2 in) thick. On the cap underside, the crowded gills are initially white before turning pink as the spores mature.

Clitopilus byssisedoides is a species of fungus in the family Entolomataceae. It was formally described as new to science in 2010, based on specimens found growing in a greenhouse in Botanischer Garten Jena, in Germany.

<i>Rhodocybe gemina</i> Species of fungus


Rhodocybe gemina is a species of fungus in the family Entolomataceae. It has the recommended English name of tan pinkgill and produces agaricoid basidiocarps that are fleshy and cream when young, becoming brownish when mature.

<i>Entoloma murrayi</i> Species of fungus

Entoloma murrayi, commonly known as the yellow unicorn Entoloma or the unicorn pinkgill, is a species of fungus in the Entolomataceae family. First described from New England (USA) in 1859, the species is found in eastern North America, Central and South America, and southeast Asia, where it grows on the ground in wet coniferous and deciduous forests. The fungus produces yellow mushrooms that have a characteristic sharp umbo on the top of a conical cap. The mushroom is inedible and may be poisonous. Other similar species can be distinguished from E. murrayi by differences in color, morphology, or microscopic characteristics.

<i>Entoloma mathinnae</i> Species of fungus

Entoloma mathinnae is a species of agaric fungus in the family Entolomataceae. Known only from Tasmania, Australia, it was described as new to science in 2009. Mushrooms have light yellow-brown, convex caps up to 8 cm (3.1 in) wide atop stems measuring 5–8.5 cm (2.0–3.3 in) long.

<i>Mycopan</i> Genus of fungi

Mycopan is one of several genera of agaric fungi (mushrooms) that were formerly classified in the genus Hydropus or Mycena. Mycopan is currently monotypic, containing the single species Mycopan scabripes. It produces dusky colored fruit bodies that are mycenoid, but lack amyloid or dextrinoid tissues except for the amyloid basidiospores. Its stipe is notably scruffy from cystidioid end cells and unlike true Hydropus it does not bleed clear fluid. Phylogenetically, Mycopan is distant from the Mycenaceae and the type of that family, Mycena, and it is not with the type of Hydropus, Hydropus fuliginarius. Mycopan grouped closest to Baeospora. Baeospora was shown to be in the Cyphellaceae by Matheny and colleagues. Mycopan scabripes grows from debris in forest floors in North America and Europe.

<i>Entocybe</i> Genus of fungi

Entocybe is a genus of agaric fungi in the family Entolomataceae. It was circumscribed in 2011 to contain several former Entoloma species having obscurely angular spores with 6–10 angles. Based on three locus DNA analysis, these species form a distinct, well-defined clade in the Entomolataceae that is basal to Entoloma. The genus name, a combination of Entoloma and Rhodocybe, alludes to similarities with species in those genera. E. melleogrisea, found in a subboreal forest in Québec, Canada, was described as a new species in 2013. Unlike the mostly collybioid fruit bodies of most other Entocybe species, E. melleogrisea has a tricholomatoid stature.

<i>Clitocella</i> Genus of fungi

Clitocella is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Entolomataceae. It was circumscribed in 2014 with Clitocella popinalis as the type species. The generic name refers to its similarities and close relationship to the genera Clitopilus and Clitopilopsis; the Latin word cella, meaning "storage place", alludes to "taxa not belonging to Clitopilus or Clitopilopsis". Species have caps with centrally placed stipes; the gills are decurrent, and crowded closely together with a smooth edge. Mushrooms produce a pink spore print. The spores have thin walls that are cyanophilic and surfaces ornamented with minute bumps that can be seen in profile and face views. This surface ornamentation distinguishes Clitocella from Clitopilus, which has longitudinally ridged spores. Clitopilopsis, in contrast, has thicker spore walls.

<i>Entoloma holoconiotum</i> Species of fungus

Entoloma holoconiotum is a mushroom in the family Entolomataceae. It was originally described as Nolanea holoconiota by David Largent and Harry Thiers in 1972. Machiel Noordeloos and Co-David transferred it to the genus Entoloma in 2009. The species can be found in conifer forests in western North America.

<i>Rhodophana</i> Genus of fungi

Rhodophana is a genus of mushroom-forming fungi in the family Entolomataceae. It originally described as a genus in 1947 by Robert Kühner, but the description was invalid until it was re-published in 1971, though as a subgenus of Rhodocybe. It did not find favour as a genus until Rhodocybe was found to be polyphyletic and Kluting et al. resurrected the name in 2014 as part of a DNA-based reclassification of the family.

References

  1. ↑ Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008). Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.). Wallingford: CABI. p.  237. ISBN   978-0-85199-826-8.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Co-David, D; Langeveld, D; Noordeloos, ME (Nov 2009). "Molecular phylogeny and spore evolution of Entolomataceae" (PDF). Persoonia. 23 (2): 147–176. doi:10.3767/003158509x480944. PMC   2802732 . PMID   20198166. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-27.. See also this web page by M. Noordeloos Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine which summarizes the information from the paper.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 K.L. Kluting; T.J. Baroni; S.E. Bergemann (2017). "Toward a stable classification of genera within the Entolomataceae: a phylogenetic re-evaluation of the Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade". Mycologia. 106 (6): 1127–1142. doi:10.3852/13-270. PMID   24987124. S2CID   40696041.
  4. 1 2 Baroni TJ, Hofstetter V, Largent DL, Vilgalys R (2011). "Entocybe is proposed as a new genus in the Entolomataceae (Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota) based on morphological and molecular evidence" (PDF). North American Fungi. 6 (12): 1–19. doi: 10.2509/naf2011.006.012 .
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 To see the Index Fungorum entry for any of these (possibly obsolete) genera, go to the search page, select the "Genus" level, type the name of the genus, and click "Search". Clicking in the left column gives a page with the Type species ("Typification Details"). To see if this is a current genus, click on the type species and then on "Species Fungorum synonymy"; this is a current genus only if the current name of the type species uses this genus. Species Fungorum can have species marked as current but with an obsolete genus name (but that is not possible for the type species). These orphaned species have not had the new combination defined for them, usually because they are very old names of which the meaning is unclear.
  6. ↑ For a list of Entolomataceae genera, see New Zealand Fungi page.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 To see the list of species of the given (possibly obsolete) genus in Species Fungorum, use a URL like http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp?strGenus=Clitopilopsis, but substitute the appropriate genus name.
  8. 1 2 3 4 See relevant entry in Courtecuisse, Régis; Duhem, B. (1994). Guide des champignons de France et d'Europe. Delachaux et Niestlé. ISBN   978-2-603-00953-6. also available in English.
  9. 1 2 3 4 See definitions of the various subgenera in Bon, Marcel (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-Western Europe. Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN   978-0-340-39935-4..
  10. ↑ It is difficult to find information about the New Zealand fungus Eccilia haeusleriana. See .
  11. ↑ See Machiel Noordeloos's Entoloma site Archived 2011-07-24 at the Wayback Machine .
  12. ↑ Timothy J. Baroni & Ronald H. Petersen (1987). "Rhodocybella: A new genus in the Entolomataceae". Mycologia. 79 (3): 358–361. doi:10.2307/3807456. JSTOR   3807456.
  13. ↑ Philomena Bodensteiner; Manfred Binder; Jean-Marc Moncalvo; Reinhard Agerer; David S. Hibbett (2004). "Phylogenetic relationships of cyphelloid homobasidiomycetes" (PDF). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33 (2): 501–515. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.06.007. PMID   15336682. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-19.
  14. ↑ Robert Kühner & Henri Romagnesi (1974). Flore analytique des champignons supérieurs (agarics, bolets, chanterelles). Paris: Masson. p. 176. ISBN   978-2-225-53713-4.
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