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This incomplete list of French ambassadors to the Holy See since the Middle Ages includes all regimes from the Kingdom of France to the current French Republic:
| | This article needs additional citations for verification .(June 2023) |
This incomplete list of French ambassadors to the Holy See since the Middle Ages includes all regimes from the Kingdom of France to the current French Republic:
Officially recalled in 1791, Bernis was not replaced due to the French Revolution
Rome was annexed to the French Empire between 1806-1814
Diplomatic relations were broken from 1904-1921 due to the French separation of Church and State
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The Prix de Rome or Grand Prix de Rome was a French scholarship for arts students, initially for painters and sculptors, that was established in 1663 during the reign of Louis XIV of France. Winners were awarded a bursary that allowed them to stay in Rome for three to five years at the expense of the state. The prize was extended to architecture in 1720, music in 1803 and engraving in 1804. The prestigious award was abolished in 1968 by André Malraux, then Minister of Culture, following the May 68 riots that called for cultural change.
Marshal of France is a French military distinction, rather than a military rank, that is awarded to generals for exceptional achievements. The title has been awarded since 1185, though briefly abolished (1793–1804) and for a period dormant (1870–1916). It was one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France during the Ancien Régime and Bourbon Restoration, and one of the Grand Dignitaries of the Empire during the First French Empire.
François-Annibal d'Estrées, duc d'Estrées was a French diplomat, soldier and Marshal of France.
The Duke of Luynes is a territorial name belonging to the noble French house d'Albert. Luynes is, today, a commune of the Indre-et-Loire département in France. The family of Albert, which sprang from Thomas Alberti, seigneur de Boussargues, bailli of Viviers and Valence, and viguier of Bagnols and Pont-Saint-Esprit in Languedoc, acquired the estate of Luynes in the 16th century.
The title of Duke of Chaulnes, a French peerage, is held by the d'Albert family beginning in 1621.
Charles d'Albert, 3rd Duke of Chaulnes, was a French general and diplomat. He was made lieutenant général des armées in 1655, and chevalier des ordres du roi from 1661. He became third Duke of Chaulnes in 1653 on the death of his elder brother.
Charles Honoré d'Albert de Luynes was a French nobleman and Duke of Luynes. He is best known as the Duke of Chevreuse, his family's subsidiary title which he used until his father's death in 1690. He was a high-ranking French official under King Louis XIV.
The Intendants des finances were intendants or agents of France's financial administration under the Ancien Régime.
The military governor of Paris is a post within the French Army. He commands the garrison of Paris and represents all the military based in Paris at high state occasions. He is also responsible for organizing major national ceremonies such as the Bastille Day military parade down the Champs-Élysées.
Michel Ferdinand d'Albert, 5th Duke of Chaulnes, Duke of Picquigny and then Duke of Chaulnes from 1744, was a French astronomer, physicist and freemason.
François Marie de Lorraine was a French nobleman and member of the House of Lorraine. He was known as the prince de Lillebonne. He was also the Duke of Joyeuse.
The Galerie des Batailles is a gallery occupying the first floor of the Aile du Midi of the Palace of Versailles, joining onto the grand and petit appartement de la reine. 120 m (390 ft) long and 13 m (43 ft) wide, it is an epigone of the grand gallery of the Louvre and was intended to glorify French military history from the Battle of Tolbiac to the Battle of Wagram.
Duke of Estrées was a title of nobility in the peerage of France that was created for François Annibal d'Estrées in 1663 by Louis XIV of France. This title became extinct in 1771. In 1892, Alfonso XIII of Spain revived the title by granting it to Charles de La Rochefoucauld-Doudeauville, whose great grand mother was Bénigne Le Tellier de Louvois, sister to the last duke.
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1 No diplomatic relations with France, functions as an informal diplomatic mission | ||
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