List of Japanese coinage patterns

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Experimental Japanese coins were struck in porcelain towards the end of World War II. These pattern coins were never issued for circulation, though some privately made ones circulated unofficially. 5 sen clay coin 1945.jpg
Experimental Japanese coins were struck in porcelain towards the end of World War II. These pattern coins were never issued for circulation, though some privately made ones circulated unofficially.

The following is a list of Japanese pattern coins from the yen based currency system started under the Meiji Restoration. [1] The first patterns of the yen based system were made from 1869 to 1870 as presentation pieces to the Emperor. The new currency system was eventually adopted by the Meiji government in an Act signed on June 27, 1871. [2] Pattern coins are almost never released into circulation as they are made for evaluation purposes only. Once a pattern is approved by government officials, it then goes to the minting process. [3] Most of the patterns listed below are very rare, and sell for considerable amounts at auctions. The market value and rarity of any given coin is dependent on supply and demand.

Contents

Selected terminology

The following terms appear on the list below:

Legend(s) – In numismatic terminology "legends" refer to inscriptions on any given coin. Common inscriptions for these coins include; "Great Japan" (Dai Nippon, 大日本), the reigning Emperor's name (ex: 明治 Meiji), the value of the coin, and the year of the Emperor's reign.

Obverse/Reverse – These refer to the front (o) and back (r) side of a coin.

Struck/Strike – This is part of the minting process.

Variety – Coins struck with minor changes to their initial design are called "varieties".

Meiji

Early proposals

DenominationYear of reign Japanese date Gregorian date Name [lower-alpha 1] Description
1 Fun 2nd二
(undated)		1869
(undated)		KM-Pn2The obverse (front) side of this coin has two crossed Japanese flags on poles with Mount Fuji in the background, while the reverse (back) side shows the coin's value. This pattern was struck in copper, and holed in the center. [4]
5 FunKM-Pn3Obverse has two crossed Japanese flags on poles with Mount Fuji in the background, while the reverse shows the coin's value. This pattern was struck in copper, and is holed in the center. [5] Only 2 coins have been certified as genuine by PCGS, while a 3rd resides in the Smithsonian Institution. [6] [7]
1 MommeKM-Pn4Obverse has two crossed Japanese flags on poles with Mount Fuji in the background, while the reverse shows the coin's value. This pattern was struck in copper, and is holed in the center. [8] An example sold for 182,000 (JPY) at auction in 2018. [9]

Rin

DenominationYear of reign Japanese date Gregorian date Name [lower-alpha 1] Description
1 Rin 2nd二 (undated)1869 (undated)KM-Pn5This pattern is holed in the middle with a sunburst design on both sides pointing outwards from the center. The Emperor's name is on the obverse, and "1 RIN" in Kanji on the reverse. [10] The coin is described as "extremely rare" by Heritage Auctions. [11]
1 Rin 3rd三1870KM-Pn7The obverse features the Chrysanthemum seal in its center surrounded by the Emperor's name and legends. The reverse has a sunburst on it with the value "1 RIN" in Kanji. [12] This coin is described as "very rare". [13]
1 Rin 6th六1873KM-Pn21Virtually identical to the adopted Rin design, the main difference being "1 MIL" instead of "1 RIN" in arabic. [14] This coin is described as "extremely rare" by the American Numismatic Society. [15]
2 Rin 18th八十1885KM-Pn27Virtually identical to the adopted Rin design. The main differences include "2 RIN" instead of "1 RIN" in Arabic, and 2 lines (二) above the Japanese symbol for Rin (厘) on the reverse. This coin has been described as a "rare pattern" by Heritage Auctions. [16] [17]
5 Rin 32nd二十三1899KM-Pn30The obverse features a paulownia crest within a wreath above the chrysanthemum seal. The reverse has the value written in Kanji within a beaded circle. "5 RIN" is written in Arabic around this circle alongside other legends. This coin is described as "extremely rare" by Heritage Auctions. [18] [19]
5 Rin 39th九十三1906KM-Pn33Unknown design struck in copper. [20]
5 Rin 42nd二十四1909KM-Pn35This pattern is virtually identical to the 1899 dated 5 rin pattern (KM-Pn30), except the reverted obverse has the chrysanthemum seal appear at the top. [21] [22] One example was donated to the ANS in 1983. [23]

Sen

DenominationYear of reign Japanese date Gregorian date Name [lower-alpha 1] Description
1⁄2s – (Half sen) 3rd三1870KM-Pn8The obverse is virtually identical to the adopted design, but "1⁄2 SEN" is written in Kanji (半銭). [lower-alpha 2] The reverse features a sunburst design in a beaded circle surrounded by legends next to the Chrysanthemum Seal above, and a decorative wreath below. [24] These coins found their way into circulation making the few survivors well worn. [25]
1 Sen 2nd二1869KM-Pn6The obverse is virtually identical to the 1st adopted design, but "1 SEN" is written in Kanji. [lower-alpha 2] The reverse features a sunburst design with the inscription "Exchange 100 coins for 1 Yen" (圓ー換枚百以) written in Kanji. [26] [27] This coin is described as "very rare" by Heritage Auctions. [28]
1 Sen 3rd三1870KM-Pn9The obverse of this pattern is the same as the preceding one, with a reverse similar to KM-Pn8. [29] [27] One of these coins sold for $15,600 (USD) at auction in March, 2019. [30]
1 Sen 10th十1877KM-PnA27Not much is known about this pattern other than a dragon design which is featured on the obverse. This particular coin was minted in silver, while all the other sen coins of the Meiji era were struck in copper. [31]
1 Sen 41st一十四1908KM-Pn34This pattern is holed in the center, with the obverse featuring a wreath and "1 SEN" written in Kanji. The reverse has a sunburst which surrounds the central hole, legends and "1 SEN" are written in Arabic around the sunburst. [32]
1 Sen 44th四十四1911KM-Pn36The design for this copper coin is unknown. [33]
1 Sen 44th四十四1911KM-Pn37Obverse features a wreath with "1 SEN" written in Kanji, while the reverse features a large sunburst with legends surrounding it. "1 SEN" is written in Arabic at the bottom. [34]
5 Sen 21st一十二1888KM-Pn28Similar to the 4th adopted 5 sen design used in the following year (1889). [35] This pattern is described as "extremely rare" by Heritage Auctions, and an example sold for $9,200 at auction in 2011. [36]
5 Sen 28th八十二1895KM-Pn29This copper nickel pattern has a sunburst in a circle surrounded by legends and "5 SEN" written both in Arabic and Kanji on the obverse. The reverse meanwhile features a symbol within a wreath. Both sides of the coin additionally feature a rope design near the border rim. [37] [38]

Yen

DenominationYear of reign Japanese date Gregorian date Name [lower-alpha 1] Description
1⁄20 yen 3rd三1870KM-Pn10Nothing is known about this coin other than it was struck in white metal. The adoption of a 1⁄20 yen coin would have made it the lowest ever valued in Yen. It was ultimately rejected in favor of the 5 sen coin. [39]
1⁄10 yen 3rd三1870KM-Pn11
KM-Pn12		The design of this coin is unknown. Two varieties were struck, one in copper and the other in white metal. Both were rejected in favor of the 10 sen coin. [40]
1⁄4 yen 3rd三1870KM-Pn13
KM-Pn14		The design of this coin is unknown. Two varieties were struck, one in copper and the other in white metal. While these coins were rejected, another proposal was later made during the Taishō era for a 25 sen coin. [41]
1⁄2 yen 3rd三1870KM-Pn15The obverse of this copper coin is virtually identical to the adopted 1st silver yen design. The reverse features a sunburst surrounded by a floral pattern towards the rim. The half yen coin was rejected in favor of the 50 sen coin. [42] [43]
1 yen 3rd三1870KM-Pn16 [lower-alpha 3] Virtually identical to the adopted 1st silver yen design. [44] “Only a handful of examples extant,” one such coin sold for $195,500 (USD) in 2011. [45]
1 yen 6th六1873KM-Pn22Virtually identical to the adopted 2nd silver yen design. The main difference is "1873" written in Arabic below the reverse bow. [46]
1 yen 7th七1874KM-Pn23Virtually identical to the adopted 2nd silver design. [47]
1 yen 34th四十三1901KM-Pn31The obverse has a sunburst surrounded by a circle with legends around it, "1 YEN" is in Arabic. There is nothing on the reverse except 1 Yen written in Kanji. This coin was struck in copper. [48]
1 yen 34th四十三1901KM-Pn32Obverse has the value written in Kanji within a wreath, and has a chrysanthemum seal located above. The reverse features a sunburst surrounded by a circle with legends around it which include "1 YEN" in Arabic. [49] One example of this rare coin sold for $80,500 (USD) in 2011. [45]
21⁄2 yen 3rd三1870KM-Pn17This rejected proposed pattern was struck in both gold and copper. While the gold design for this coin is unknown, at least one copper example survived with a design similar to KM-Pn15. [50] [51]
5 yen 3rd三1870KM-Pn18Struck in gold, design unknown. [52]
5 yen 7th七1874KM-Pn26The obverse features a dragon with legends around the border, on the reverse is a sunburst crest superimposed on the sacred mirror within the wreath. The chrysanthemum seal is located above this design. [53]
10 yen 3rd三1870KM-Pn19Virtually identical to the 1st adopted 10 yen design. [54] An example of this coin sold for $276,000 (USD) in 2011, only 3 examples (total) are known. [45] [55]
10 yen 3rd三1870KM-Pn20Struck in gold, design unknown. [56] This coin is possibly non-extant given the status of the previous pattern.

Trade dollars

Year of reign Japanese date Gregorian date Name [lower-alpha 1] Description
7th七1874KM-Pn24This pattern features the final accepted design used to strike trade dollars from 1875 to 1877. It is described as "possibly unique", if not then "very few" are known. [57] [58]
KM-Pn25The obverse is similar to the adopted trade dollar design, but there is no beaded circle around the dragon. Other differences include "420 GRAINS. 900 FINE" being under the dragon rather than around the rim with "TRADE DOLLAR", and larger inscriptions. The reverse side is virtually identical to the adopted reverse design (Value within wreath, chrysanthemum above). [59] This pattern is described as "very rare" as only a few pieces are known to have survived. [60] [61]

Taishō

Rin and Sen

DenominationYear of reign Japanese date Gregorian date Name [lower-alpha 1] Description
5 Rin 5th五1916KM-Pn39This pattern was struck in copper. The obverse features the value within a circle surrounded by a floral wreath, the reverse features a sunburst with legends. [62] Another variety shows the value within a circle surrounded by legends with 5 RIN written in Kanji, the reverse is a simple sunburst. [63]
5 Rin5th五1916KM-Pn40This pattern was struck in copper. The obverse features a large paulownia crest in the center flanked by cherry blossoms, the reverse has the value within a circle surrounded by legends. [64] [65] An example sold for 210,000 (JPY) in 2017. [66]
1 Sen 4th四1915KM-Pn38The obverse features the value flanked by a floral design which includes the paulownia crest featured below. The reverse includes the legends with the value written as "1 Sn." all imposed over a sunburst design. One or both sides of this coin has a decorated rim. [67] Described as "rare" by Heritage Auctions. [68]
1 Sen5th五1916KM-Pn41The obverse features a sunburst, while the reverse has the value within a circle surrounded by the legends. [69] An example sold for $12,650 (USD) in 2011. [70]
1 Sen5th五1916KM-Pn42Virtually identical to the adopted 1 sen design with minor differences. [71] [lower-alpha 4] Only one "1 sen" design was issued for circulation during Taishō's reign.
1 Sen5th五1916KM-Pn43The obverse is ornamental with the value superimposed on the sacred mirror with the chrysanthemum seal featured above. The reverse is identical to the one used on KM-Pn38. [72] This coin is described as "rare" by Heritage Auctions. [73] [lower-alpha 5]
5 Sen 5th五1916KM-Pn44Similar to the adopted 5 sen design. [74] Only one "5 sen" design was issued for circulation during Taishō's reign, and all were struck in copper-nickel. An example sold for $26,450 (USD) in 2011. [75]
10 Sen 7th七1918KM-Pn45 [lower-alpha 6] The obverse features the value in Kanji flanked by two birds with chrysanthemum seal above. [lower-alpha 7] The reverse has a sunburst with a bird in the center surrounded by legends including "10 SEN" written in Arabic. [77] Only a few pieces are known, an example sold for $11,500 (USD) in 2011. [76]
10 Sen8th八1919KM-Pn49Virtually identical to KM-Pn45 with minor detail changes, this pattern is described as "Extremely rare" by Heritage Auctions. [78] [79]
20 Sen 7th七1918KM-Pn46The obverse features the value in Kanji flanked by two birds with chrysanthemum seal above. [lower-alpha 7] The reverse has a sunburst with a bird in the center surrounded by legends including "20 SEN" written in Arabic. [80] A very rare example dated 1920 (year 9) also exists which is counter stamped "mihon" (specimen). [81]
20 Sen8th八1919KM-Pn50The design for this pattern is unknown, it was struck in silver. [82]
20 Sen8th八1919KM-Pn51The design for this pattern is unknown, it was struck in silver. [83]
20 Sen 10th十1921KM-Pn54The design for this pattern is similar to KM-Pn46, and is also counter stamped "mihon" (specimen). Both of these patterns are described as "very rare". [84] [85]
25 Sen9th九1920KM-Pn52The design was struck in silver, and is similar in design to KM-Pn46 with "25 SEN" now written in Arabic. Like the others this "very rare" coin is also counter stamped "mihon" (specimen). [86] [87] This was the final attempt at proposing a coin equal to a quarter yen.
50 Sen 7th七1918KM-Pn47The obverse features the value in Kanji flanked by two birds with chrysanthemum seal above. [lower-alpha 7] The reverse has a sunburst surrounded by legends including "50 SEN" written in Arabic. [88] Like the previous coins, this "very rare" pattern is counter stamped "mihon" (specimen). [89]
50 Sen7th七1918KM-Pn48The obverse features the value in a beaded circle surrounded by a wreath with chrysanthemum seal above. The reverse has a sunburst with legends surrounding it. [90]
50 Sen9th九1920KM-Pn53The design for this pattern is unknown, it was struck in silver. [91]
50 Sen12th十二1923KM-Pn55Virtually identical to the adopted 50 sen 2nd design. The main difference being the coin is struck in tin rather than silver. [92]
50 Sen15th五十1926KM-Pn56While the obverse design is unknown, the reverse features the value flanked by a floral design with other legends on the top and bottom. This coin was struck in tin rather than silver. [93]

Shōwa

Sen

DenominationYear of reign Japanese date Gregorian date Name [lower-alpha 1] Description
1 Sen 13th三十1938KM-Pn66Obverse has the value surrounded by a floral wreath with the Chrysanthemum seal featured above. The reverse features a bird within a circle surrounded by legends. This pattern was struck in aluminum. [94]
1 Sen18th
(undated)		八十
(undated)		1943
(Dated: 2603)		KM-Pn70This pattern coin was struck in a tin alloy, and was intended for later use in occupied territories. The obverse features a puppet head, while on the reverse are the legends, date, and a large "1" (1 sen). [95]
1 Sen18th八十1943KM-Pn71Unknown design struck in fiber, this was intended to be used as occupation coinage. [96]
1 Sen20th十二1945KM-Pn73Identical to the final 1 sen design that was made for circulation in 1945. The only difference is that this pattern was struck in brass rather than tin and zinc. [97] [98]
1 Sen20th十二1945KM-Pn74All of these patterns were struck in porcelain, and have numerous different designs. [lower-alpha 8] Common themes include the Chrysanthemum seal, paulownia crest, and legends which include the value. [99] At least 3 examples have been graded by PCGS. [100]
1 Sen20th十二1945KM-Pn75All of these patterns were struck in porcelain, and have numerous different designs. [lower-alpha 8] The same applies here with regards to the design features, at least 2 have been graded by PCGS. [101] [102]
1 Sen20th十二1945KM-PnA74The obverse features a small sunburst, while the obverse has the value 1 SEN written in Kanji. This coin does not have the Emperor's name nor seal on it, and was struck in porcelain. [103]
5 Sen 8th八1933KM-Pn62This holed pattern was struck in nickel. On the obverse is a garnished center with legends including two small flowers. The reverse features an Imperial eagle at the bottom, the value written in kanji towards the top, and the Chrysanthemum seal at the top. [104] Described as "extremely rare" by Heritage Auctions. [105]
5 Sen12th二十1937KM-Pn64Unknown design struck in brass. [106]
5 Sen13th三十1938KM-Pn67Nothing is known about this coin other than the value and date. [107]
5 Sen18th
(undated)		八十
(undated)		1943
(Dated: 2603)		KM-Pn72This tin alloy struck pattern was intended for later use in occupied territories. The obverse features a stick puppet, on the reverse are the legends, date, and a large "5" (5 sen). [108]
5 Sen20th十二1945KM-Pn76All of these patterns were struck in porcelain, and have numerous different designs. [lower-alpha 8] Common themes include the Chrysanthemum seal, paulownia crest, and legends which include the value. [109]
5 Sen20th十二1945KM-Pn77All of these patterns were struck in porcelain, and have numerous different designs. [lower-alpha 8] [110]
10 Sen 8th八1933KM-Pn63More than one variety exists for this pattern which uses elements of the adopted design. [111] Described as "extremely rare" by Heritage Auctions. [112]
10 Sen12th二十1937KM-Pn65Unknown design struck in brass. [113]
10 Sen13th三十1938KM-Pn68Nothing is known about this coin other than the value and date. [114]
10 Sen18th
(undated)		八十
(undated)		1943
(Dated: 2603)		KM-PnA73This silver struck pattern coin was intended for later use in occupied territories. The obverse features a stick puppet, on the reverse are the legends, date, and a large "10" (10 sen). An example sold for $12,650 (USD) in 2011. [115] [116]
10 Sen20th十二1945KM-Pn78All of these patterns were struck in porcelain, and have numerous different designs. [lower-alpha 8] Common themes include the Chrysanthemum seal, paulownia crest, and legends which include the value. [117] [118]
10 Sen20th十二1945KM-Pn79All of these patterns were struck in porcelain, and have numerous different designs. [lower-alpha 8] At least 1 example has been graded by PCGS. [119] [120]
10 Sen21st一十二1946KM-Pn80 [lower-alpha 9] Virtually identical to the final adopted 10 sen design, but struck in brass (small sized). [122] Only a few pieces are known to have survived. [123] [121]
50 Sen 2nd二1927KM-Pn57Obverse design is virtually identical to the adopted 50 sen version (two birds). The reverse has an empty circle in the center surrounded by legends. This pattern was struck in brass. [124]
50 Sen2nd二1927KM-Pn58Unknown design struck in silver. [125]
50 Sen2nd二1927KM-Pn59Obverse design is virtually identical to the adopted 50 sen version (two birds). The reverse has an empty center, with legends below and a wheat stalk above. This pattern was struck in brass. [126]
50 Sen2nd二1927KM-Pn60Unknown design struck in silver. [127]
50 Sen3rd三1928KM-Pn61Unknown design struck in tin. [128]
50 Sen13th三十1938KM-Pn69Virtually identical to the 1st adopted 50 sen design (two birds) under Shōwa. This pattern was struck in "white metal" and "aluminum" rather than the circulation issued silver alloy. The total mintage of these coins remains unknown. [129] [130]

Yen

KM-Pn83 (shown here) and KM-Pn85 were struck but never released. 10Yen-S25.jpg
KM-Pn83 (shown here) and KM-Pn85 were struck but never released.
DenominationYear of reign Japanese date Gregorian date Name [lower-alpha 1] Description
1 yen 25th二十五1950KM-Pn81Unknown design struck in brass. [131]
5 yen 26th二十六1951KM-Pn84Virtually identical to the adopted 5 yen "old script" design, but struck in aluminum. This coin is described as "very rare" by Heritage Auctions. [132] [133]
5 yen33rd三十三1958KM-Pn86Virtually identical to the adopted 2nd design which uses an "old script" for the value. There are added Japanese characters on the reverse side (gear design around hole). [134]
10 yen 25th二十五1950KM-Pn82Unknown design struck in aluminum. [135]
10 yen25th二十五1950KM-Pn83The obverse features the value flanked by a floral design, the reverse has legends surrounded by a decorative center. This pattern coin was struck in copper-nickel and is holed in the middle. [136] An example sold for $2,530 (USD) in 2011. [137]
10 yen26th二十六1951KM-Pn85The obverse features the value flanked by a floral design, the reverse has legends surrounded by a decorative center. This pattern coin was struck in copper-nickel and is holed in the middle. [138] An example sold for $2,990 (USD) in 2011. [139]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 The codes given for the "name" are catalog numbers used by major coin grading services. These numbers are shared with other currencies, and are only distinct by adding Japan (日本, or formerly: 日本国) when looking them up for reference.
  2. 1 2 The design of the dragon in the beaded circle was altered for the final adopted coin.
  3. ↑ Two sub-varieties exist, one privately struck and the other a local copy.
  4. ↑ An example being the absence of two small flowers on the obverse.
  5. ↑ Heritage Auctions uses the wrong first image for the coin, the correct coin is shown in its holder in the 2nd image provided by H.A.
  6. ↑ It's possible that this was an issue that was originally meant for general circulation, but was ultimately abandoned for unknown reasons. [76]
  7. 1 2 3 The obverse is very similar to the adopted second 50 sen design during Taishō's reign.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Porcelain sen patterns differ from clay baked coins which circulated unofficially.
  9. ↑ This pattern coin may have been intended for circulation as allegedly bags of these coins were witnessed at the mint. Two examples were said to have been given to collectors before the rest were melted. [121]

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The 20 sen coin (二十銭銀貨) was a Japanese coin worth one fifth of a Japanese yen, as 100 sen equalled 1 yen. These coins were all minted in silver during the Meiji era from 1870 to 1911.

The half sen coin (半銭) was a Japanese coin worth one two-hundredth of a Japanese yen, as 100 sen equalled 1 yen. All half sen coins were minted during the Meiji period between 1873 and 1888, and are made from nearly pure copper. These coins were later replaced for a brief time by another coin with the same value in the 1910s. The half sen coin was demonetized at the end of 1953 along with other subsidiary coinage and is no longer legal tender. They are now readily available for collectors to own as coins from this denomination were minted in large quantities.

The five rin coin (五厘青銅貨) was a Japanese coin worth one two-hundredth of a Japanese yen, as 5 rin equalled +1⁄2 sen, and 100 sen equaled 1 yen. These coins were a successor to the equally valued half sen coin which was previously minted until 1888. Overall, the history of the five rin coin is brief as they were only minted from 1916 to 1919 before being devalued monetarily. They were later demonetized by the end of 1953 and are now widely available for collectors.

The one rin coin (一厘銅貨) was a Japanese coin worth one one-thousandth of a Japanese yen, as 10 rin equalled 1 sen, and 100 sen equaled 1 yen. The coins are no longer in circulation, but they are bought and sold both by professional numismatists and by amateur coin collectors.

The 20 yen coin (二十圓硬貨) was a denomination of Japanese yen. These coins were minted in gold, and during their lifespan were the highest denomination of coin that circulated in the country. The first coins were minted in 1870 following the introduction of a decimal currency system. Twenty Yen coins spanned three different Imperial eras before mintage was halted in 1932. Many of these coins were then melted or destroyed as a result of the wars between 1931 and 1945. These coins are now collected by numismatists for academic study, and by those with a hobby.

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The one sen coin (一銭) was a Japanese coin worth one-hundredth of a Japanese yen, as 100 sen equalled 1 yen. One sen coins were first struck for circulation during the 6th year of Meiji's reign (1873) using a dragon design. The denomination had been adopted in 1871 but coinage at the time could not be carried out. Aside from an alloy change and a new rice stalk wreath design, one sen coins remained the same weight and size for the remainder of the era. The situation changed when World War I broke out under Emperor Taishō as rising metal costs led to a size and weight reduction. These smaller coins were first produced in 1916 with a paulownia design which was seen as liberal at the time. Emperor Shōwa took the throne in 1926, and Japan was pushed into a militaristic regime by the early 1930s causing metals to be set aside for wartime conditions. These effects would later impact one sen coins through numerous alloy, size, and design changes.

The 2 yen coin (二圓金貨) was a short lived denomination of Japanese yen. During the first year of mintage in 1870, hundreds of thousands of these new coins were struck. These figures dropped off sharply as the Japanese government looked towards silver as a trading commodity. The supply of gold bullion had also dwindled causing the demand for these coins to outpace the supply available. The public hoarded two yen coins along with other denominations of gold causing them not to circulate during the mid 1870s. Japan eventually obtained a supply of gold bullion towards the end of the century, but this came too late for the two yen coin which was last minted in 1892. Almost one hundred years later the two yen coin was officially demonetized. While not in circulation any more, these coins are bought and sold by numismatics for academic study, and by those with a hobby.

The 2 sen coin (二銭硬貨) was a Japanese coin worth one-fiftieth of a Japanese yen, as 100 sen equalled 1 yen. Two sen coins were minted during the Meiji period, and are made from nearly pure copper. Priority was initially given to silver coins when the new yen currency system was adopted in 1871 as copper coins could not be produced yet. Aside from a design change and a two year lapse, two sen coins were made from 1873 to 1884. The two sen coin was then discontinued and eventually demonetized in the mid-20th century. These coins are now sought after as collectors items which bring premium amounts depending on the date and condition.

The 500 yen coin is a denomination of the Japanese yen. In addition to being used as circulating currency, this denomination has also been used to make commemorative coins struck by the Japan Mint. These coins are intended for collectors only and were never issued for circulation.

The 10 sen note (十銭紙幣) was a denomination of Japanese yen issued in four different series from 1872 to 1947 for use in commerce. Meiji Tsūhō notes are the first modern banknotes issued after Japanese officials studied western culture. There circulated alongside ten sen coins until their withdrawal in 1887. The other three series of ten sen notes issued are in some way tied to the impacts of World War I and World War II. Taishō fractional ten sen notes were issued as a response to a coin shortage that was caused by the first of these wars. They were eventually suspended in the early 1920s when things had settled down, and were later demonetized in 1948. The last two series of ten sen notes were issued by the Bank of Japan rather than the treasury. First series notes were issued as ten sen coins could no longer be produced, while the A series was released after the war in a futile attempt to curb inflation. These last two issues were demonetized at the end of 1953 when the Japanese government passed a law abolishing subsidiary notes in favor of the yen. Ten sen notes are now bought and sold as collectors items depending on condition.

The 20 sen note (二十銭紙幣) was a denomination of Japanese yen in three different government issued series from 1872 to 1919 for use in commerce. Meiji Tsūhō notes are the first modern banknotes issued after Japanese officials studied western culture. These notes were replaced due to counterfeting by a redesigned series called "Ōkura-kyō" for "sen" denominations. Both of these series were officially abolished in 1899 in favor of notes issued by the Bank of Japan. Government issued notes only returned during the Taishō era in the form of an emergency issue due to a coin shortage. These were only issued between 1917 and 1919 before they were finally abolished in 1948. Twenty sen notes are now bought and sold as collectors items depending on condition.

Meiji Tsūhō (明治通宝) refers to the first paper currency that was issued by the Imperial Japanese government during the early Meiji era. After the "yen" was officially adopted in 1871, the Japanese looked to the Western World for their improved paper currency technology. An agreement was made with Italian engraver Edoardo Chiossone, who designed 6 denominations of Yen, and 3 denominations of Sen. The Japanese Government's decision to issue these notes as fiat currency ended in disaster as inflation rose following the Satsuma Rebellion. Meiji Tsūhō notes were ultimately demonetized towards the end of the 19th century.

References

  1. ↑ A. Piatt Andrew, Quarterly Journal of Economics, "The End of the Mexican Dollar", 18:3:321–356, 1904, p. 345
  2. ↑ A. Piatt Andrew, Quarterly Journal of Economics, "The End of the Mexican Dollar", 18:3:321–356, 1904, p. 345
  3. ↑ Lustig, Andy; Teichman, Saul, uspatterns.com, Society of U.S. Pattern Collectors
  4. ↑ "Japan Fun KM# Pn2 – (1869)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation . Archived from the original on August 20, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  5. ↑ "Japan 5 Fun KM# Pn3 – (1869)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Archived from the original on August 20, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  6. ↑ "(nd(1869) P5 Fun KM-Pn3, BN) (Special Strike)Last Update". Professional Coin Grading Service . Archived from the original on January 19, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  7. ↑ "5 Fun (fen), Pattern coin". 3d.si.edu. Retrieved January 18, 2020.
  8. ↑ "Japan 1 Momme KM# Pn4 – (1869)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Archived from the original on August 20, 2019. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  9. ↑ "Pattern Crossed flag&Mt. Fuji 1Momme Copper ND(1869?)". www.numisbids.com. Archived from the original on January 19, 2020. Retrieved August 21, 2019.
  10. ↑ "Japan Rin KM# Pn5 – Yr.2 (1869)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  11. ↑ "Japan: Meiji copper Pattern 1 Rin Year 2 (1869)". Heritage Auctions . Archived from the original on January 21, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  12. ↑ "Japan Rin KM# Pn7 – Yr.3 (1870)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Archived from the original on August 14, 2019. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  13. ↑ Seaby's coin and medal bulletin, Issues 617-628. B.A. Seaby, Limited. 1970. p. 352.
  14. ↑ "Japan Rin KM# Pn21 – Yr.6 (1873)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  15. ↑ Annual Report of the American Numismatic Society (1992). American Numismatic Society. 1992. p. 17.
  16. ↑ "Japan 2 Rin KM# Pn27 – Yr.18 (1885)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  17. ↑ "Japan: Meiji copper Pattern 2 Rin Year 18 (1885)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  18. ↑ "Japan 5 Rin KM# Pn30 – Yr.32 (1899)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  19. ↑ "Japan: Meiji copper Pattern 5 Rin Year 32 (1899)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  20. ↑ "Japan 5 Rin KM# Pn33 – Yr.39 (1906)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  21. ↑ "Japan 5 Rin KM# Pn35 – Yr.42 (1909)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  22. ↑ "((1909) M42 P5 Rin KM-Pn35 Paulownia, BN) (Special Strike)". Professional Coin Grading Service . Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  23. ↑ Annual Report of the American Numismatic Society (1983). American Numismatic Society. 1983. p. 18.
  24. ↑ "Japan 1/2 Sen KM# Pn8 – Yr.3 (1870) Rare". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  25. ↑ "Japan: Meiji copper Pattern 1/2 Sen Year 3 (1870)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  26. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn6 – Yr.2 (1869)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  27. 1 2 Annual Report of the American Numismatic Society (1985). American Numismatic Society. 1985. p. 17.
  28. ↑ "Japan: Meiji copper Pattern 1 Sen Year 2 (1869)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  29. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn9 – Yr.3 (1870)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  30. ↑ "((1870) M3 P1 Sen KM-Pn9 Lined Sun, BN) (Special Strike)". Professional Coin Grading Service. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  31. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# PnA27 – Yr. 10 (1877)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  32. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn34 – Yr.41(1908)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  33. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn36 – Yr.44 (1911)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  34. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn37 – Yr.44 (1911)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  35. ↑ "Japan 5 Sen KM# Pn28 – Yr.21 (1888)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  36. ↑ "Japan: Meiji copper-nickel Pattern 5 Sen Year 21 (1888)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  37. ↑ "Japan 5 Sen KM# Pn29 – Yr.28 (1895)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  38. ↑ "((1895) M28 P5 Sen KM-Pn29) (Special Strike)". PCGS. Retrieved January 23, 2020.
  39. ↑ "Japan 1/20 Yen KM# Pn10 – Yr.2 (1870)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  40. ↑ "Japan 1/10 Yen". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  41. ↑ "Japan 1/4 Yen". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  42. ↑ "Japan 1/2 Yen KM# Pn15 – Yr.3 (1870) Rare". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  43. ↑ "((1870) M3 P1/2 Yen, RB) (Special Strike)". Professional Coin Grading Service. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  44. ↑ "Japan Yen KM# Pn16 – Yr.3 (1870)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  45. 1 2 3 Jeff Starck (September 29, 2011). "Jacobs Collection stuns, nets $6.8 million". Coin World . Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  46. ↑ "Japan Yen KM# Pn22 – Yr.6 (1873) Rare". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  47. ↑ "Japan Yen KM# Pn23 – Yr.7 (1874)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  48. ↑ "Japan Yen KM# Pn31 – Yr.34 (1901)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  49. ↑ "Japan Yen KM# Pn32 – Yr.34 (1901)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  50. ↑ "Japan 2-1/2 Yen KM# Pn17 – Yr.3 (1870) Rare". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  51. ↑ "((1870) M3 P2 1/2 Y KM-Pn17 Var Copper, BN) (Special Strike)". PCGS. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  52. ↑ "Japan 5 Yen KM# Pn18 – Yr.3 (1870)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  53. ↑ "Japan 5 Yen KM# Pn26 – Yr.7 (1874) Rare". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  54. ↑ "Japan 10 Yen KM# Pn19 – Yr.3 (1870) Rare". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  55. ↑ "Japan: Meiji gold Pattern 10 Yen Year 3". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  56. ↑ "Japan 10 Yen KM# Pn20 – Yr.3 (1870) Rare". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  57. ↑ "Japan Trade Dollar KM# Pn24 – Yr.7 (1874) KM-Pn24". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  58. ↑ "Japan: Meiji silver Pattern Trade Dollar Year 7 (1874)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  59. ↑ "Japan Trade Dollar KM# Pn25 – Yr.7 (1874) Rare". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  60. ↑ "Japan Trade Dollar KM# Pn24 – Yr.7 (1874)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
  61. ↑ "Japan: Meiji silver Pattern Trade Dollar Year 7 (1874) KM-Pn25". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 24, 2020.
  62. ↑ "Japan 5 Rin KM# Pn39 – Yr.5 (1916)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  63. ↑ "((1916) T5 P5 Rin KM-Pn39 Char. Sun, BN) (Special Strike)". Professional Coin Grading Service. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  64. ↑ "Japan 5 Rin KM# Pn40 – Yr.5 (1916)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 14, 2019.
  65. ↑ "((1916) T5 P5 Rin KM-Pn40 Paulownia, BN) (Special Strike)". Professional Coin Grading Service. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  66. ↑ "Pattern 5 Rin Copper Taisho year(1916) 2.19g". www.numisbids.com. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  67. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn38 – Yr.4 (1915)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  68. ↑ "Japan: Taisho copper Pattern 1 Sen Year 4 (1915)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  69. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn41 – Yr.5 (1916)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  70. ↑ "((1916) T5 P1 Sen KM-Pn41, BN) (Special Strike)". Professional Coin Grading Service. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  71. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn42 – Yr.5 (1916)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  72. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn43 – Yr.5 (1916)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  73. ↑ "Japan: Taisho copper Pattern 1 Sen Year 5 (1916)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  74. ↑ "Japan 5 Sen KM# Pn44 – Yr.5 (1916)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  75. ↑ "((1916) T5 P5 Sen KM-Pn44) (Special Strike)". Professional Coin Grading Service. Retrieved August 20, 2019.
  76. 1 2 "Japan: Taisho silver Pattern 10 Sen Year 7 (1918)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  77. ↑ "Japan 10 Sen KM# Pn45 – Yr.7 (1918)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  78. ↑ "Japan 10 Sen KM# Pn49 – Yr.8 (1919)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  79. ↑ "Japan: Showa silver Pattern 10 Sen Year 8 (1919)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  80. ↑ "Japan 20 Sen KM# Pn46 – Yr.7 (1918)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  81. ↑ "Taisho silver Pattern 20 Sen Year 9 (1920)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  82. ↑ "Japan 20 Sen KM# Pn50 – Yr.8 (1919)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  83. ↑ "Japan 20 Sen KM# Pn51 – Yr.8 (1919)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  84. ↑ "Japan 20 Sen KM# Pn54 – Yr.10 (1921)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  85. ↑ "Taisho silver Pattern 20 Sen Year 10 (1921)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  86. ↑ "Japan 25 Sen KM# Pn52 – Yr.9 (1920)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  87. ↑ "Taisho silver Pattern 25 Sen Year 9 (1920)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  88. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn47 – Yr.7 (1918)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  89. ↑ "Taisho silver 50 Sen Year 7 (1918)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  90. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn48 – Yr.7 (1918)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  91. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn53 – Yr.9 (1920)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  92. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn55 – Yr.12 (1923)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  93. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn56 – Yr.15 (1926)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  94. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn66 – Yr.13 (1938)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  95. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn70 (1943)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  96. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn71 (1943)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  97. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn73 – Yr.20 (1945)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  98. ↑ "((1945) S20 P1 Sen KM-Pn73) (Special Strike)". PCGS. Retrieved January 27, 2020.
  99. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn74 – Yr.20 (1945)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  100. ↑ "((1945) H20 P1 Sen KM-Pn74) (Regular Strike)". PCGS. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  101. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# Pn75 – Yr.20 (1945)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  102. ↑ "((1945) S20 P1 Sen KM-Pn75) (Regular Strike)". PCGS. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  103. ↑ "Japan Sen KM# PnA74 – (1945)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 15, 2019.
  104. ↑ "Japan 5 Sen KM# Pn62 – Yr.8 (1933)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  105. ↑ "Showa nickel Proof Pattern 5 Sen Year 8 (1933) PR64 NGC". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  106. ↑ "Japan 5 Sen KM# Pn64 – Yr.12 (1937)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  107. ↑ "Japan 5 Sen KM# Pn67 – Yr.13 (1938)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  108. ↑ "Japan 5 Sen KM# Pn72 – Yr.2603 (1943)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  109. ↑ "Japan 5 Sen KM# Pn76 – Yr.20 (1945)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  110. ↑ "Japan 5 Sen KM# Pn77 – Yr.20 (1945)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  111. ↑ "Japan 10 Sen KM# Pn63 – Yr.8 (1933)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  112. ↑ "Showa nickel Proof Pattern 10 Sen Year 8 (1933) PR64 NGC". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  113. ↑ "Japan 10 Sen KM# Pn65 – Yr.12 (1937)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  114. ↑ "Japan 10 Sen KM# Pn68 – Yr.13 (1938)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  115. ↑ "Japan 10 Sen KM# PnA73 – Yr.2603 (1943)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 26, 2019.
  116. ↑ "((1943) 2603 P10 Sen KM-PnA73) (Special Strike)". PCGS. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  117. ↑ "Japan 10 Sen KM# Pn78 – Yr.20 (1945)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  118. ↑ "((1945) S20 P10 Sen KM-Pn78) (Special Strike)". PCGS. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  119. ↑ "Japan 10 Sen KM# Pn79 – Yr.20 (1945)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  120. ↑ "((1945) S20 P10 Sen KM-Pn79) (Special Strike)". PCGS. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  121. 1 2 "Showa brass 10 Sen Year 21 (1946), KM-Pn80, MS63 NGC". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  122. ↑ "Japan 10 Sen KM# Pn80 – Yr.21 (1946)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  123. ↑ "Showa brass Specimen Pattern 10 Sen Year 21 (1946) SP63 PCGS". www.numisbids.com. Retrieved August 22, 2019.
  124. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn57 – Yr.2 (1927)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  125. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn58 – Yr.2 (1927)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  126. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn59 – Yr.2 (1927)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  127. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn60 – Yr.2 (1927)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  128. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn61 – Yr.3 (1928)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  129. ↑ "Japan 50 Sen KM# Pn69 – (1938)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 16, 2019.
  130. ↑ "Showa aluminum Pattern 50 Sen Year 13 (1938) MS61 NGC". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  131. ↑ "Japan Yen KM# Pn81 – Yr.25 (1950)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  132. ↑ "Japan 5 Yen KM# Pn84 – Yr.26 (1951)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  133. ↑ "Japan: Showa aluminum Pattern 5 Yen Year 26 (1951)". Heritage Auctions. Retrieved August 19, 2019.
  134. ↑ "Japan 5 Yen KM# Pn86 – Yr.33 (1958)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  135. ↑ "Japan 10 Yen KM# Pn82 – Yr.25 (1950)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  136. ↑ "Japan 10 Yen KM# Pn83 – Yr.25 (1950)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  137. ↑ "(1950 (S25) P10 Yen KM-Pn83) (Special Strike)". PCGS. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
  138. ↑ "Japan 10 Yen KM# Pn85 – Yr.26 (1951)". Numismatic Guaranty Corporation. Retrieved August 18, 2019.
  139. ↑ "((1951) S26 P10 Yen KM-Pn85) (Special Strike)". PCGS. Retrieved January 28, 2020.
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