Current composition
| Group | Seats [2] | % |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 34 | 46 |
| Mongolian People's Party | 26 | 34.2 |
| Justice Coalition | 11 | 14.5 |
| Civil Will-Green Party | 2 | 2.6 |
| Independent | 3 | 3.9 |
| Total | 76 | 100.0 [3] |
| 2008–2012 | (2008) |
| 2012–2016 | (2012) |
| 2016– | (2016) |
This is a list of members of Parliament (MPs) elected to the State Great Khural at the 2012 parliamentary elections. [1]
| Group | Seats [2] | % |
|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 34 | 46 |
| Mongolian People's Party | 26 | 34.2 |
| Justice Coalition | 11 | 14.5 |
| Civil Will-Green Party | 2 | 2.6 |
| Independent | 3 | 3.9 |
| Total | 76 | 100.0 [3] |
The politics of Mongolia takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential multi-party representative democracy. Executive power is exercised by the prime minister, who is the head of government, and the Cabinet. The president is the head of state, but holds limited authority over the executive branch of the government, unlike full presidential republics like the United States. Legislative power is vested in parliament. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Nambaryn Enkhbayar is a Mongolian politician. He served as the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 2000 to 2004, as Chairman of the State Great Khural from 2004 to 2005, and as President of Mongolia from 2005 to 2009. He is the first person to have held all of the top three positions in the Mongolian government. He was the chairman of the Mongolian People’s Party from 1997 to 2005 and head of Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 2010 to 2021. His eldest son, Batshugar Enkhbayar is a member of the State Great Khural from Mongolian People's Party. Due to his corruption scandal he is regarded as the godfather of corruption in Mongolian politics by the public media.
The modern democratic era of Mongolia started after the Mongolian Revolution of 1990.
The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) is a social democratic political party in Mongolia. It was founded as a communist party in 1920 by Mongolian revolutionaries and is the oldest political party in Mongolia. The party played an important role in the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, which was inspired by the Bolsheviks' October Revolution. Following independence, it governed Mongolia as a one-party socialist state. The party changed its name to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) and joined the Communist International in 1924 and served as a sole-ruling party of the Mongolian People's Republic.
Elbegdorj Tsakhia is a Mongolian politician and journalist who served as President of Mongolia from 2009 to 2017. He previously served as prime minister in 1998 and again from 2004 to 2006.
Mongolia elects its head of state—the President of Mongolia—at the national level. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people, using the Two-round system. The State Great Khural has 76 members, originally elected for a four-year term from single-seat constituencies. Due to the voting system, Mongolia experienced extreme shifts in the composition of the parliament after the 1996, 2000, and 2004 elections, so it has changed to a more proportional system in which some seats are filled on the basis of votes for local candidates, and some on the basis of nationwide party preference totals. Beginning in 2008, local candidates were elected from 26 electoral districts. Beginning with the 2012 elections, a parallel system was enacted, combining a district part and a nationwide proportional part. 48 seats are chosen at the local level in 26 districts with 1-3 seats using Plurality-at-large voting. 28 seats are chosen from nationwide closed party lists using the Largest remainder method. In the district seats, a candidate is required to get at least 28% of the vote cast in a district to be elected. If there are seats that are not filled due to this threshold, a runoff election is held in the respective district with twice the number of representatives as there are seats to be filled, between the top vote-getters of the first round.
The Democratic Party is a centre-right political party in Mongolia.
The State Great Khural is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia. It is located in the Government Palace.
Miyegombyn Enkhbold is a Mongolian politician who was Prime Minister of Mongolia from January 2006 to November 2007 and Deputy Prime Minister from 2007 to 2012. He has been Chairman of the State Great Khural, the Mongolian parliament,from 2016 to 2019.
Puntsagiin Jasrai was a Mongolian politician. He was the Prime Minister of Mongolia from 21 July 1992 until 19 July 1996.
Bayar Sanj is a Mongolian politician who was General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Party from 22 November 2007 to 8 April 2010, and Prime Minister of Mongolia from 22 November 2007 to 29 October 2009. He announced on 26 October 2009, that he was going to resign his position as Prime Minister due to health reasons. He was replaced by Sükhbaataryn Batbold on 29 October 2009.
The Mongolian Revolution of 1990, known in Mongolia as the 1990 Democratic Revolution, was a peaceful democratic revolution which led to the country's transition to a multi-party system. It was inspired by the economic reforms of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and was one of the many revolutions of 1989. It was led mostly by young demonstrators who rallied at Sükhbaatar Square, in the capital city Ulaanbaatar. The main organisers of the demonstrations included Sanjaasürengiin Zorig, Erdeniin Bat-Üül, Davaadorjiin Ganbold, Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj, Bat-Erdeniin Batbayar.
Damdiny Demberel is a Mongolian politician who served as the Chairman of the State Great Khural.
Davaadorjiin Ganbold or Ganbold Davaadorj is a prominent Mongolian economist and a politician from the Democratic Party known as Da.Ganbold. He was one of the lead figures in the Mongolian Revolution of 1990 and Mongolian Democratic Union of the late 1980s and early 1990s. In 1990, Ganbold was elected as the Chairman of the Mongolian National Progress Party, which later merged to establish the Mongolian National Democratic Party. Mongolian National Democratic Party was one of the founding members of the current Democratic Party of Mongolia. Ganbold was appointed as the first Deputy Prime Minister of Mongolia between 1990 and 1992.
Ganhuyag Chuluun Hutagt is a Mongolian businessman, public figure, and former Vice Minister of Finance of Mongolia. According to Richtopia, Ganhuyag's was among the top 2500 CEOs in the world in 2015.
Gombojav Zandanshatar is a Mongolian politician. He is a member of the Mongolian People's Party, and has served as Party General Secretary from 2012 to 2013.
Presidential elections were held in Mongolia on 26 June 2013. The Democratic Party nominee, incumbent President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj was re-elected, defeating both Mongolian People's Party nominee of parliament member Badmaanyambuugiin Bat-Erdene and Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party nominee Natsagiin Udval, who was Minister of Health at the time of the election. Elbegdorj was inaugurated on 10 July 2013 for his second term in office.
Tsend Mönkh-Orgil or Tsendiin Mönkh-Orgil is a Mongolian politician and a member of the State Great Hural. He is also the first person from Mongolia to join the United Nations International Law Commission as a member.
Uchral Nyam-Osor, a Mongolian politician and businessman, has been a member of the State Great Khural since 2016 and is among the leaders of the Mongolian People's Party, the oldest political party in Mongolia. Nyam-Osor also serves as President of the Social Democracy-Mongolian Youth federation, the largest youth political organization of Mongolia since 2019. He has been serving as a member of the IPU’s Standing Committee on United Nations Affairs. Nyam-Osor is the heir of the Khunnu group companies, which owns Ikh Zasag International University and other businesses in Mongolia.
