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The following is a list of Muslim historians writing in the Islamic historiographical tradition, which developed from hadith literature in the time of the first caliphs. This list is focused on pre-modern historians who wrote before the heavy European influence that occurred from the 19th century onward.
First era: 700–750 (Ibn Zubayr and al-Zuhri's histories no longer exist, but they are referenced in later works).
Second era: 750–800
Third era: 800–860
Fourth era: 860–900
Fifth era: 900–950
Abū Hurayra ʿAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Ṣakhr al-Dawsī al-Zahrānī, commonly known as Abū Hurayra, was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and the most prolific hadith narrator in Sunni Islam.
Abū Bakr Aḥmad ibn ʿAlī ibn Thābit ibn Aḥmad ibn Māhdī al-Shāfiʿī, commonly known as al-Khaṭīb al-Baghdādī or "the lecturer from Baghdad", was a Sunni Muslim scholar known for being one of the foremost leading hadith scholars and historians at his time. He is widely considered an important authority in hadith, fiqh and history.
Yaḥyā ibn Maʻīn (774-847), was a classical Islamic scholar in the field of hadith. He was a close friend of Ahmad ibn Hanbal for much of his life. Ibn Ma'in is known to have spent all of his inheritance on seeking hadith to the extent he became extremely needy.
Awn al-Din Abu'l-Muzzafar Yahya ibn Hubayra al-Shaybani al-Duri al-Baghdadi, commonly referred to as Ibn Hubayra, was a 12th-century Iraqi Arab official and a Hanbali jurist, who served for sixteen years as vizier of the Abbasid Caliphate under Caliph al-Muqtafi, and his successor al-Mustanjid.
Jamāl al-Dīn Abū al-Ḥasan 'Alī ibn Yūsuf ibn Ibrāhīm ibn 'Abd al-Wahid al-Shaybānī, called 'al-Qifṭī, was an Egyptian Arab historian, biographer, encyclopedist and administrator under the Ayyubid rulers of Aleppo. His biographical dictionary Kitāb Ikhbār al-'Ulamā' bi Akhbār al-Ḥukamā is an important source of Islamic biography. Much of his vast literary output is lost, including his histories of the Seljuks, Buyids and the Maghreb, and biographical dictionaries of philosophers and philologists.
Abu Aziz Qatada ibn Idris al-Hasani al-Alawi al-Yanbu'i al-Makki was the Sharif of Mecca, reigning from 1201 to 1220/1221. He also founded the Banu Qatadah dynasty and established a tradition of sharifs descended from him to rule Mecca which lasted until the office was abolished in 1925. Regarding his sectarian denomination, Qatadah ibn Idris was a Shi'ite.
Jamal al-Din Yusuf bin al-Amir Sayf al-Din Taghribirdi, or Abū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf ibn Taghrī-Birdī, or Ibn Taghribirdi was an Islamic historian born in the 15th century in Mamluk Egypt. He studied under al-Ayni and al-Maqrizi, two of the leading Cairene historians and scholars of the day.
Al-Amīr al-Mukhtār ʿIzz al-Mulk Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Abīʾl Qāsim ʿUbayd Allāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Ismāʿīl ibn ʿAbd al-Azīz al-Ḥarranī al-Musabbiḥī al-Kātib, commonly known simply as al-Musabbihi, was a Fatimid historian, writer and administrative official. He is known to have authored some 40,000 pages of manuscripts dealing with an array of topics, including history, psychology, law, grammar, sexology and cooking. Akhbār Miṣr, a contemporary chronicle of Egyptian history and news, was among al-Musabbihi's well-known works. However, like the vast majority of al-Musabbihi's works, only fragments of Akhbār Miṣr survived; most of his writings disappeared not long after his death.
Ibn al-ʿImād (1623-1679), full name ʿAbd al-Ḥayy bin Aḥmad bin Muḥammad ibn al-ʿImād al-ʿAkarī al-Ḥanbalī Abū al-Falāḥ, was a Syrian Muslim historian and faqih of the Hanbali school.
Abū Naṣr Alī ibn Hibat Allāh ibn Ja'far ibn Allakān ibn Muḥammad ibn Dulaf ibn Abī Dulaf al-Qāsim ibn ‘Īsā al-Ijlī, surnamed Sa’d al-Muluk and known as Ibn Mākūlā was a highly regarded Arab muḥaddith and historian who authored several works. His magnum opus was his biographical-genealogical history on etymology and orthography of Islamic names, Al-Ikmāl.
Hubayrah ibn Sabal ibn al-‘Ajlān al-Thaqafī was a companion of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It is narrated that he was the first person Muhammad ordered to lead prayers in Mecca after its conquest in 8 AH (630). It is also narrated that when Muhammad departed for Ta'if that year, he left Hubayrah in charge of Mecca. Then, after he returned from Ta'if and prepared to depart for Medina, he appointed Attab ibn Asid as governor. Al-Dhahabi writes about Hubayrah, "He governed Mecca before Attab ibn Asid for a few days."
Ubaydallah ibn Muhammad al-Mahdi (771–810/11) was an Abbasid prince. He was the son of al-Mahdi, the third caliph of the Abbasid Caliphate, and Raytah, daughter of the first Abbasid caliph Abu al-Abbas al-Saffah.
Abu Abd al-Rahman Musa ibn Ulayy ibn Rabah al-Lakhmi was an Islamic scholar.
Abū Shāma Shihāb al-Dīn al-Maḳdisī was an Arab historian.
Abu Ali ibn al-Banna, full name Abū 'Alī al-Ḥasan ibn Aḥmad ibn 'Abd Allāh ibn al-Bannā' al-Baghdādī al-Ḥanbalī, was an 11th-century author, scholar, and diarist from Baghdad. According to Ibn al-Sam'ani, he was one of the leading Islamic scholars of his day and a prolific author. Ibn al-Banna kept a diary during his lifetime, part of which survives today and is valuable as a primary source about life in 11th-century Baghdad. He was a member of the Hanbali legal guild.
Quṭb al-Dīn Abu ʾl-Fatḥ Mūsā ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn ʿAbd Allāh al-Yūnīnī (1242–1326) was a Syrian historian and religious scholar of the Ḥanbalī school of jurisprudence. He wrote the Dhayl Mirʾāt al-zamān, a continuation of the Mirʾāt al-zamān of Sibṭ ibn al-Jawzī.