List of Sri Lankan Malays

Last updated

This is a list of Sri Lankan Malays .

Sri Lankan Malay (Sinhala : (ශ්‍රී ලංකා) මැලේ ජනතාවShri Lanka Mæle Janathava (Standard); මැලේ මිනිස්සු / ජා මිනිස්සුMæle Minissu / Ja Minissu (Colloquially); Tamil : இலங்கை மலாய் மக்கள், romanized: Ilaṅkai Malāi Makkal) are Sri Lankans with full or partial ancestry from the Indonesian Archipelago, Malaysia, or Singapore. In addition, people from Brunei [1] and the Philippines [2] also consider themselves Malays. The term is a misnomer, as it is used as a historical catch-all term for all native ethnic groups of the Malay Archipelago who reside in Sri Lanka; the term does not apply solely to the ethnic Malays.

Contents

Demographics

Distribution of languages and religious groups of Sri Lanka on D.S. division and sector level according to the 1981 Census of Population and Housing Distribution of Languages and Religious groups of Sri Lanka 1981.jpg
Distribution of languages and religious groups of Sri Lanka on D.S. division and sector level according to the 1981 Census of Population and Housing
CensusPopulationPercentage
18818,9000.32%
189110,1000.34%
190111,9000.33%
191113,0000.32%
192113,4000.30%
1931 Estimate16,0000.30%
194622,5000.34%
195325,4000.31%
196333,4000.32%
197143,4590.34%
198146,9630.32%
201144.1300.22%

History

A significant Malay presence in Sri Lanka dates as far back as the 13th century, when Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja, a Malay of Tambralinga, managed to occupy the northern part of the island in 1247; his followers assimilated into the local population. [3] Many ancestors of present-day Sri Lankan Malays were soldiers posted by the Dutch, and later by the British, for the colonial administration of Sri Lanka, who decided to settle on the island. Other immigrants were convicts or members of noble houses from the Dutch East Indies (present-day Indonesia), who were exiled to Sri Lanka and who never left. The main source of a continuing Malay identity is their common Malay language, the Islamic faith, and their ancestral origin from the Malay Archipelago. Many Sri Lankan Malays have been celebrated as courageous soldiers, politicians, sportsmen, lawyers, accountants, and doctors.

Native headmen of ceylon

The native headmen system was an integral part of the administration of the island of Ceylon (now known as Sri Lanka) under the successive European colonial powers, namely the Portuguese Empire, the Dutch East India Company and the British Empire. Native headmen or leaders were appointed by the European colonial administrators to function as intermediates between the Europeans and the native populace. During different periods through this system these headmen functioned in military, policing, administrative and ceremonial capacities. They served as translators and revenue collectors, and wielded quasi-judicial powers. Much of the system evolved and changed over time until some of the last vestiges of it were removed in the post-independent Ceylon.

With the onset of British rule, Governor North restructured the native headmen system. The system was transformed into a salaried system with land grants and tenured service abolished. They became the second tier of the civil administration of the island with appointments made by the Government Agent of the Province. Appointments were non-transferable and usually hereditary, made to locals, usually from wealthy influential families loyal the British Crown. The holder had much control over the people of the area and had limited police powers since he was responsible to keep the peace, carry out revenue collection and assist in judicial functions. Over the next century, the headmen grew to be a powerful and affluent class consolidating economic power through land ownership and marriage. Gradually functions of headmen were transferred to various departments that were established by the British administration.

Following the formation of the State Council of Ceylon in 1931, one of its members, H. W. Amarasuriya, called for an inquiry into the native headman system. A commission was formed made up of retired civil servants and lawyers headed by H.M. Wedderburn. The commission reported on reforming the headman system or replacing it with transferable District Revenue Officers. The Native Headman System was abolished as an administrative system, with the titles of Mudaliyar (Mudali – මුදලි) and Muhandiram retained by government to be awarded as honors. This practice remained until suspension of Celanese honors in 1956. The minor headman positions were retained, surviving well into the 1970s when the posts of Vidane (විදානේ) in Low Country / Tamil Area and Town Arachchi (ටවුන් ආරච්චි) / Gan Arachchi (ගන් ආරච්චි) in Kandyan Area were replaced with the transferable post of Grama Niladhari (Village Officer).

"Peace Officer" includes Police Officer and the Headman of an area appointed in writing to perform police duties by the Government Agent of the Province by virtue of the powers vested in him by His Excellency the Governor.

List of prominent Malay headmen in the low country

The headmen system in the coastal and low country evolved over time under the colonial administration of the Portuguese, the Dutch and then the British.

Head Mudaliyar Maha Mudaliyar (මහ මුදලි)

Head Mudaliyar was the head of the low country native headmen and native aide-de-camp to the Governor of Ceylon.

Korale Mudaliyar (Korale Mudali – කෝරලේ මුදලි)

Korale Mudaliyar was in charge of an area known as a Korale and had several Muhandirams under his supervision.

Muhandiram (මුහන්දිරම්)

A Muhandiram had several Vidane Arachchies under his supervision

Vidane Arachchi (විදානේ ආරච්චි)

A Vidane Arachchi had several Vidanes under his supervision

Vidane (විදානේ)

A village or a group of small villages placed under his administration. Vidane was a low country headman ranking immediately below that of a Vidane Arachchi in the low country and below that of a Udayar in Tamil areas in the native headmen system. A Vidane was equivalent in ranking to the Kandyan areas headmen Town Arachchi or a Gan Arachchi

Police Vidane

In charge of police duties in the village under the supervision of the vidane

Vel Vidane

In charge of distributing water from the wewa (tank) to villagers for cultivation under the supervision of the vidane

Seeni Vidane

In charge of distributing sugar under the supervision of the vidane

List of prominent Malay headmen in Tamil areas

The Northern and Eastern provinces had the following classes of native headmen: [5]

Atikar [6]

Vanniyar (වන්නියා) (பண்டாரத்தார்)

Vanniar or Vanniyar had several Maniyagar under his supervision.

Maniyagar

Maniyagar had several Udayars under his supervision

Udayar

Udayar had several Vidanes under his supervision

Vidane

Vidane

A village or a group of small villages placed under his administration. Vidane was a low country headman ranking immediately below that of a Vidane Arachchi in low country and below that of a Udayar in Tamil areas in the Native Headmen System. A Vidane was equivalent in ranking to the Kandyan areas headmen Town Arachchi or a Gan Arachchi

Police Vidane

in charge of police duties in the village under the supervision of the vidane

Vel Vidane

In charge of distributing water from the wewa (tank) to villagers for cultivation under the supervision of the vidane

Seeni Vidane

In charge of distributing sugar under the supervision of the vidane

List of prominent Malay headmen in the Kandyan areas

Following the Uva Rebellion in 1818 and changes to the administrative divisions of the island with the creation of Districts, British Government Agents (GA) took over the duties of the Dissava (with the remaining and newly appointed Dissavas being mere honorary titles), with Rate Mahatmaya becoming a subordinate to the local Government Agents and Assistant Government Agents. In the same way, after 1818 the position of the remaining and newly appointed Adigar (Maha Adigar or 1st Adigar) became mere honorary titles.

Adigar

An honorary appointment

Dissava

British Government Agent of the Province took over the duties of a Dissava (with the remaining and newly appointed Dissavas being mere honorary appointments) in 1818. Rate Mahatmayas under his supervision

Rate Mahatmaya (රටෙි මහත්තයා) [8]

Rate Mahatmaya had several Korale Mahatmayas under his supervision.

Korale Mahaththaya (කෝරලේ මහත්තයා)

Korale Mahattaya was in charge of an area known as Korale and had several Gran Arachchis / Town Arachchis under his supervision.

Town Arachchi (ටවුන් ආරච්චි)

A Town Arachchi had a town or group of small villages placed under his administration

Gan Arachchi (ගන් ආරච්චි)

A Gan Arachchi had a village or group of small villages placed under his administration

List of prominent Malay headmen Peace Officers

"Peace Officer" includes police officers and headmen appointed by the Government Agent of the Province in writing to perform police duties

Awarded as an honor (Titular)

List of Prominent Malay Gate Mudaliyar

List of Prominent Malay Gate Muhandiram

List of Prominent Malay Gate Arachchi

List of Prominent Malay Veda Arachchi

Leading businesspersons [11]

1820–1947

1948–1971

1972 to present

Politicians

Legislative Council of Ceylon (1833–1931)

State Council of Ceylon (1931–1947)

House of Representatives (Ceylon) (1947–1972)

National State Assembly of Sri Lanka (1972–1978)

Parliament of Sri Lanka (1978–present)

Judges and lawyers

Judges

Lawyers

Physicians

Defence

Sri Lanka Army

Sri Lanka Air Force

Sri Lanka Navy

Sri Lanka Police

Pre 1947

  • Inspector of Police (IP) B.H.Dole
  • Police Constable (PC) Sabhan – The origin of annual Police Day commemoration dates back to March 21, 1864, when Constable Sabhan died of gunshot injuries received during a police raid to apprehend the notorious bandit Utuwankande Sura Saradiel.

Post 1947

  • Senior Deputy Inspector General of Police (SDIG) M.R. Latiff – 11th (01st Muslim & Malay) Commandant of the Special Task Force
  • Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) B. M. N. Jurangpathy
  • Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) T. M. Miskin
  • Deputy Inspector General of Police (DIG) Akbar Packeer
  • Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Baba Ram Dole (Son of Inspector of Police B.H.Dole) – The first Muslim & Malay to reach the rank of Superintendent of Police. He joined the Police as a young Sub Inspector in the year 1934 during the British rule. He retired in the year 1972 as the Head of the Colombo Crimes Division.
  • Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Baba Mahil Dole (Son of Chief Inspector Baba Muhajireen Dole, Grandson of Inspector of Police B.H.Dole)
  • Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) T. M. B. Mahath
  • Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) M. C. Mahamoor
  • Sergeant Tuan Asikun

Sports

Cricket

Football

Rugby Football

Swimming

Other

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Negombo</span> City in Western Province, Sri Lanka

Negombo is a major city in Sri Lanka, situated on the west coast and at the mouth of the Negombo Lagoon, in the Western Province, 38 km (24 mi) from Colombo via the Colombo–Katunayake Expressway and the nearest major city from the Bandaranaike International Airport.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Radala</span> Sinhala aristocratic subcaste of the Govigamas, traditionally of the Kandy region in Sri Lanka

Radala refers to a small minority group in Sri Lanka in the former provinces of the Kingdom of Kandy, who are either descendants of chiefs and courtiers of the King of Kandy of Nayaks of Kandy or descendants of native headmen appointed by the British colonial administration following the Uva Rebellion in 1818.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ceylonese Mudaliyars</span>

Mudaliyar was a Ceylonese colonial title during Portuguese and British rule of the island. Stemming from the native headman system, the title was usually hereditary, made to wealthy influential families loyal to the British Crown.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sri Lanka Engineers</span> Sri Lanka Armys Engineers Corps

The Corp of Sri Lanka Engineers (SLE) is a combat support arm of the Sri Lanka Army which provides military engineering. It is made up of ten regular regiments and one volunteer regiment. Headquartered at Panagoda Cantonment, it is headed by the Centre Commandant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sri Lanka Signals Corps</span> Military unit

The Sri Lanka Signals Corps (SLSC) is a combat support corps of the Sri Lanka Army, responsible for providing military communications, information technology and electronic warfare support. The corps is made up of a signals brigade, ten regular regiments and one volunteer regiment. It is responsible for installing, maintaining and operating all types of telecommunications equipment and information systems. It is headquartered at the Panagoda Cantonment.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Province, Sri Lanka</span> Province of Sri Lanka

The Central Province is one of the nine provinces of Sri Lanka. The province has an area of 5,674 km2 and a population of 2,421,148, making it the 2nd most populated province. The city of Kandy stands as its capital since 1469.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lascarins</span> Military unit

Lascarins is a term used in Sri Lanka to identify indigenous soldiers who fought for the Portuguese during the Portuguese era (1505–1658) and continued to serve as colonial soldiers until the 1930s. The lascarins played a crucial role not only in the colonial armies, but also in the success of the campaigns of the local kingdoms.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maha Dissava</span> Sri Lankan title

The Mahâ Dissâvas was a Great Officer in the Amātya Mandalaya, or Sinhalese Council of State, in the Sinhalese Kingdoms of monarchical Sri Lanka. Like many of the existing high offices at the time it had combined legislative and judicial powers and functioned primarily equivalent to that of a Provincial governor. The office of Dissava was retained under the successive European colonial powers, namely the Portuguese Empire, the Dutch East India Company and the British Empire. A Dissava was the governor a province known as a Disavanies. With his province, the Dissava held both executive and judicial authority.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rate Mahatmaya</span>

Rate Mahatmaya was a traditional office and title from the Kandian Kingdom which became part of the British colonial administration within the Kandian and central region of Ceylon.

Grama Niladhari is a Sri Lankan public official appointed by the central government to carry out administrative duties in a grama niladhari division, which is a sub-unit of a divisional secretariat. They come under the Grama Niladhari Division under the Home Affairs Division of the Ministry of Home Affairs. There are 14,022 grama niladhari divisions under 331 divisional secretary’s division in the island.

Arachchi was a petty native headman in Ceylon during the colonial era. Appointed by the Government Agent of the Province, the holder had much control over the people of the area and wielded quasi-judicial powers since he was responsible to keep the peace, carry out revenue collection and assist in judicial functions.

Vidane Arachchi was an influential post in the native headmen system in Ceylon during the colonial era. Appointed by the Government Agent, the holder had much control over the people of the area and wielded quasi-judicial powers since he was responsible to keep the peace, carry out revenue collection, and assist in judicial functions.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">James Alfred Corea</span> Ceylonese colonial-era headman

Mohandiram James Alfred Corea was a Ceylonese colonial-era headman. He was the Muhandiram of Madampe an area in the Chilaw District of Sri Lanka.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">E. L. B. Hurulle</span> Sri Lankan politician

Deshamanya Edwin Loku Bandara Hurulle was a Sri Lankan politician. He was the provincial governor of the Central Province and North Central Province; cabinet minister of communications in Prime Minister Dudley Senanayake's government; cabinet minister of cultural affairs under President J. R. Jayewardene's government and member of parliament.

The native headmen system was an integral part of the administration of the island of Ceylon under the successive European colonial powers, namely the Portuguese Empire, the Dutch East India Company and the British Empire. Native headmen or leaders were appointed by the European colonial administrators to function as intermediates between the Europeans and the native populace. During different periods through this system these headmen functioned in military, policing, administrative and ceremonial capacities. They served as translators and revenue collectors, and wielded quasi-judicial powers. Much of the system evolved and changed over time until some of the last vestiges of it were removed in the post-independent Ceylon.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhandiram</span> Post in the native topmen system in Ceylon (Sri Lanka)

Muhandiram was a post in the native headmen system in the lower-country of Ceylon during the colonial era. It was awarded as a title of honor until suspension of Ceylonese honours in 1956.

The Maha Mudaliyar was a colonial title and office in Ceylon. Head Mudaliyar functioned as the head of the low country native headmen and native aide-de-camp to the Governor of Ceylon.

The Vidane or Vithanai was a petty native headman or a rural police constable in Ceylon during the colonial era. Appointed by the Government Aagent of the Province. The holder had much control over the people of the area and wielded quasi-judicial powers since he was responsible to keep the peace, carry out revenue collection and assist in judicial functions.

References

  1. "The Malay Identity in Brunei Darussalam and Sri Lanka" By B. A. Hussainmiya(Universiti Brunei Darussalam)
  2. "Locating the Filipino as Malay: A Reassertion of Historical Identity from the Regional Periphery" Published online by Cambridge University Press (20 January 2020)
  3. "Malays in Sri Lanka".
  4. "Family # 153 Bahar".
  5. Wright, Arnold, ed. (1907). Twentieth Century Impressions of Ceylon. Lloyd's Great Britain Publishing Company. p.  639.
  6. "Ceylon Government Gazette" (PDF). Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  7. "Family # 245 Raden Singha Noori".
  8. Late Deshamanya E. L. B. Hurulle
  9. "Gate Mudaliyar Baba Hakim Muthaliph".
  10. "Gate Mudliyar Baba Thajul Arifin Doole".
  11. "Muslim Business Establishments in Sri Lanka – Since 1820".
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Sri Lankan Malays Fight For Parliament Representation". Colombo Telegraph. 1 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
  13. "Family # 207 Enche Pantasih Sala-ud-din".
  14. "Family # 250 Drahaman".
  15. Parliaments of Ceylon . Associated Newspapers of Ceylon, 1960. p. 166
  16. "Family # 227 Lye".
  17. "Family # 197 Maas Thalep Akbar".
  18. "Family # 154 Deane".
  19. Brigadier T S B Sally CSR
  20. "Gen153".
  21. "Ghefari Dulapanda".