List of Tulostoma species

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Tulostoma spp. Tulostoma 75374.jpg
Tulostoma spp.

Tulostoma is a genus of over 100 species of fungi in the family Agaricaceae. Commonly known as stalked puffballs, the cosmopolitan genus consists of species which produce small fruit bodies, characterized by stalks inserted in a socket at the base of the spherical spore-sac opened by a small and apical mouth. The spore-sac contains gleba, a mixture of spores and associated cells; at maturity, the spores are released through one or more apical pores. Tulostoma species prefer xeric microhabitats, savannahs and deserts, and are saprobic—obtaining nutrients by decomposing roots, buried wood and other organic material of plant origin. [1]

Contents

The following list of 102 species is compiled from Jorge Eduardo Wright's 1987 world monograph on the Tulostomatales, as well as reports of new taxa described in the literature published since then. Wright included 139 species in his monograph, including 47 "doubtful or critical" species. New species have since been reported from Spain (1992), [2] Mexico (1995), [3] Venezuela (2000), [4] Tunisia (2002), [4] China (2005), [5] and Argentina. [6]

Infrageneric classification

Czech mycologist Zdeněk Pouzar elaborated an infrageneric (below the level of genus) system of classification for Tulostoma species in his 1958 monograph of European taxa. [7] Wright expanded and revised Pouzar's classification system to include all known species:

Subgenus Tulostoma
Series Tubulares
Section Brumalia
Section Hyphales
Section Granulosae
Section Volvulata
Section Meristostoma
Series Fimbriata
Section Fimbriata
Section Poculata
Section Exasperata
Section Dubiostoma
Section Rickiana
Subgenus Lacerostoma
Section Lacerata

Key

Scientific nameLatin binomial name of the species
SectionSection to which the species belongs
ClassifiedYear in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the species
DistributionContinental distribution of the species; question marks indicate that the evidence is questionable and/or not verifiable
RefsCitation to the protolog (original publication) and any additional references used to determine distribution
Tulostoma brumale SSL22853 Tulostoma brumale.JPG
Tulostoma brumale
Tulostoma fimbriatum Tulostomafimbriatum5.jpg
Tulostoma fimbriatum
Tulostoma kotlabae Tulostoma kotlabae.jpg
Tulostoma kotlabae
Tulostoma simulans Tulostoma simulans 34113.jpg
Tulostoma simulans
Tulostoma macrocephalum Tulostoma macrocephalum 38.jpg
Tulostoma macrocephalum
Scientific nameClassifiedSectionDistributionReferences
T. adhaerens 1923, Lloyd HyphalesAfrica, Asia, Australia [8] [9]
T. albicans 1901, V.S.White Australia, Europe, North America, South America, [10] [11]
T. albiceps 1947, Long & S.Ahmad Asia [12] [13]
T. albocretaceum 1947, Long & S.Ahmad MeristostomaAsia [12] [14]
T. album 1891, Massee MeristostomaAustralia [15] [16]
T. americanum 1906, Lloyd BrumaliaNorth America, South America [17] [18]
T. amnicola 1947, Long & S.Ahmad HyphalesAsia, Tunisia [19] [12] [20]
T. andrejevianum 1970, Philimonova & SchwarzmannDubiostomaAsia [21] [22]
T. aurasiacum 1905, Pat. BrumaliaNorth Africa, Asia (?) [23] [24]
T. australianum 1906, Lloyd LacerataAfrica (?), Australia, South America (?) [17] [25]
T. beccarianum 1904, Bres. BrumaliaSouthern Europe, South America [26] [27] [28]
T. berkleyi 1906, Lloyd FimbriataNorth America [17] [29]
T. berteroanum 1845, (Lév. ex Lév.) Sacc. & Trotter PoculataSouth America, Tunisia [19] [30] [31]
T. brasiliense 1972, J.E. Wright BrumaliaAustralia (?), North America, South America [32] [33]
T. brumale 1794, Pers. Asia, Europe, North America, South America [34] [35]
T. caespitosum 1891, Trab. BrumaliaAfrica, Asia, North America, South America [36] [37]
T. cerebrisporum 2000, J.E.Wright South America [38]
T. chevalieri 1911, Har. & Pat. HyphalesAfrica [39] [40]
T. chudaei 1907, Pat. MeristostomaAfrica, Australia, North America, South America [41] [42]
T. cineraceum 1947, Long MeristostomaAsia [43] [44]
T. clathrosporum 1987, J.E. Wright BrumaliaNorth America [45] [46]
T. costatum 1980, B. LiuAsia [47]
T. cretaceum 1944, Long LacerataNorth America, South America [48] [49]
T. cyclophorum 1906, Lloyd PoculataAfrica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America [17] [50]
T. delbustoi 1987, J.E. Wright FimbriataSouth America [51]
T. dennisii 1987, J.E. Wright GranulosaeSouth America [52]
T. domingueziae 2011, Hern.CaffotSouth America [6]
T. dumeticola 1987, Long GranulosaeCentral America, North America, South America [43] [53] [54] [55]
T. exasperatosporum 1983, J.E. Wright Africa [56] [57]
T. exasperatum 1842, Mont. BrumaliaPantropical [58] [59]
T. excentricum 1944, Long HyphalesAsia, North America [48] [60]
T. exitum 1947, Long & S. Ahmad LacerataAsia [12] [61]
T. fimbriatum 1829, Fr. FimbriataEurope [62] [63]
T. floridanum 1906, Lloyd HyphalesNorth America [17] [64]
T. fulvellum 1904, Bres. PoculataEurope, Japan [65] [26] [66]
T. giganteum 1987, J.E. Wright HyphalesNorth America [67]
T. giovanellae 1881, Bres. BrumaliaAfrica, Europe [68] [69]
T. graciliceps 1987, J.E. Wright PoculataAfrica, Mexico [70] [71]
T. helanshanense 1978, B. Liu, Z.Y. Li & DuBrumaliaAsia [72] [73]
T. herteri 1942, Lohwag & SwobodaDubiostomaNorth America, South America [74] [75]
T. hollosii 1956, Z. MoravecPoculataEurope [76] [77]
T. hygrophilum 1947, Long & S. Ahmad HyphalesAsia [12] [78]
T. innermongolicum 1984, LiuDubiostomaAsia [79] [80]
T. involucratum 1944, Long BrumaliaAfrica, North America, South America [48] [81]
T. jourdani 1886, Pat. HyphalesAfrica, Asia, Australia, North America, South America [82] [83]
T. kogaschiki 1970, Schwarzmann & PhilimonovaHyphalesAsia [21] [84]
T. kotlabae 1958, Pouzar BrumaliaEurope [7] [85]
T. kreiselii 2002, G. Moreno, E. Horak & AltésAfrica [4]
T. laceratum 1834, Ehrenberg
T. lacrimisporum 2005, L. Fan & B. LiuAsia [5]
T. leiosporum 1909, R.E.Fr. FimbriataSouth America [86] [87]
T. lejospermum 1922, SpegazziniLacerataSouth America [88] [89]
T. leprosum 1888, (Kalchbr.) Sacc. GranulosaeAustralia [90] [91]
T. lesliei 1921, Van der Byl HyphalesAfrica [92] [93]
T. lloydii 1904, Bres. PoculataEurope, North America [26] [94]
T. longii 1906, Lloyd BrumaliaNorth America [17] [95]
T. lysocephalum 1944, Long HyphalesNorth America [48] [96]
T. lusitanicum 2000, Calonge & M.G.AlmeidaEurope [97]
T. macalpinianum 1906, Lloyd GranulosaeAustralia, South America [17] [98]
T. macowanii 1904, Bres. PoculataAfrica, Australia (?) [26] [99]
T. macrocephalum 1944, Long MeristostomaNorth America, South America [48] [100]
T. macrosporium 1925, G.Cunn. HyphalesAfrica, Australia, North America [101] [102]
T. melanocyclum 1904, Bres. BrumaliaEurope, North America [26] [103]
T. meridionale 1972, J.E.Wright North America, South America [32] [104]
T. meristostoma 1944, Long MeristostomaNorth America, South America [48] [105]
T. mohavei 1920, Lloyd HyphalesAsia, North America, South America [106] [107]
T. montanum 1886, Pat. HyphalesAfrica, North America, South America [108] [109]
T. moravecii 1958, Pouzar BrumaliaEurope [7] [110]
T. mussooriense 1901, HenningsAsia [111] [112]
T. nanum 1987, (Pat.) J.E.WrightHyphalesAfrica, Asia, Europe, North America, South America [113]
T. nigeriense 1987, J.E.Wright Africa [114]
T. niveum 1978, KersBrumaliaEurope [115] [116]
T. obesum 1878, Cooke & Ellis South America [117] [118]
T. obscurum 1972, J.E.Wright PoculataNorth America [32] [119]
T. opacum 1944, Long PoculataNorth America [48] [120]
T. pluriosteum 1947, Long & S.Ahmad HyphalesAsia [12] [121]
T. portoricense 1987, J.E.Wright FimbriataPuerto Rico [122]
T. pseudopulchellum 1992, G.Moreno, Altés & J.E.WrightEurope [2]
T. pubescens 1925, G. Cunn. HyphalesAustralia [101] [123]
T. pulchellum 1890, Sacc. PoculataAfrica, Australia, Europe, Middle East, North America, South America [124] [125]
T. purpusii 1898, Henn. BrumaliaAfrica, Australia, North America, South America [126] [127]
T. pusillum 1842, Berk. GranulosaeAsia, Caribbean, South America [128] [129]
T. pygmaeum 1906, Lloyd HyphalesAfrica, Australia, North America, South America [17] [130]
T. readerii 1906, Lloyd FimbriataAustralia [17] [131]
T. reticulatum 1980, B.LiuAustralia [47] [132]
T. rickii 1906, Lloyd RickianaSouth America [17] [133]
T. rivulosum 1947, Long HyphalesNorth America [43] [134]
T. rufum 1906, Lloyd HyphalesAfrica, Europe, North America [17] [135]
T. semisulcatum 1895, Peck BrumaliaNorth America [136] [137]
T. simulans 1906, Lloyd BrumaliaAfrica, Asia, Europe, Central America, North America, South America [17] [138]
T. sinense 1987, J.E.Wright BrumaliaAsia [139]
T. squamosum 1801, Pers. BrumaliaEurope, North America [140] [141]
T. striatum 1925, G. Cunn. PoculataAfrica, Australia, Europe, North America, South America [101] [142] [143]
T. subfuscum 1901, V.S. White PoculataAfrica, Australia, North America, Middle East [10] [144]
T. submembranaceum 1995, G. Moreno, C. Ochoa & J.E. WrightNorth America [3]
T. subsquamosum 1947, Long & S. Ahmad HyphalesAsia, South America [12] [145]
T. thiersii 1987, J.E. Wright BrumaliaNorth America, South America [46] [146]
T. transvaali 1921, Lloyd ExasperataAfrica [147] [148]
T. utahense 1987, J.E. Wright North America [149]
T. verrucosum 1890, Morgan GranulosaeNorth America [150] [151]
T. verrucicapillitium 2005, L.Fan & B.LiuAsia [5]
T. volvulatum 1865, I.G.BorshchovVolvulataAfrica, Asia, Europe, North America [152] [153]
T. wightii 1842, Cooke & Ellis RickianaAsia [117] [154]
T. xerophilum 1946, Long BrumaliaNorth America [155] [156]

Notes

  1. ↑ Miller HR, Miller OK (1988). Gasteromycetes: Morphological and Developmental Features, with Keys to the Orders, Families, and Genera. Eureka, California: Mad River Press. pp. 48, 52. ISBN   0-916422-74-7.
  2. 1 2 Moreno G, Altés A, Wright JE (1992). "Tulostoma pseudopulchellum sp. nov: (Tulostomatales, Gasteromycetes) and allied species". Mycotaxon. 43: 479–86.
  3. 1 2 Moreno G, Altés A, Ochoa C, Wright JE (1995). "Contribution to the study of the Tulostomataceae in Baja. California, Mexico". Mycologia. 87 (1): 96–120. doi:10.2307/3760953. JSTOR   3760953.
  4. 1 2 3 Moreno G, Horak E, Altés A (2002). "Tulostoma kreiselii, a new species from Tunisia, Northern Africa". Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis. 113 (1–2): 7–10. doi:10.1002/1522-239X(200205)113:1/2<7::AID-FEDR7>3.0.CO;2-5.
  5. 1 2 3 Fan L, Liu B (2005). "Two new species of Tulostoma from China" (PDF). Mycosystema. 24 (2): 159–61.[ permanent dead link ]
  6. 1 2 Caffot ML, Dominguez LS, Hosaka K, Crespo EM (2011). "Tulostoma domingueziae sp nov from Polylepis australis woodlands in Cordoba Mountains, central Argentina". Mycologia. 103 (5): 1047–54. doi:10.3852/10-266. hdl: 11336/14514 . PMID   21482631. S2CID   7917500.
  7. 1 2 3 Pouzar Z. (1958). Pilát A (ed.). Flora CSR – Gasteromycetes (in Czech). Prace Ceskoslovenské Akademie Ved. Praha. pp. 598–613, 810–15.
  8. ↑ Lloyd CG. (1923). "Mycological Notes 69". Mycological Writings. 7 (69): 1185–218.
  9. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 58–9.
  10. 1 2 White VS. (1901). "The Tylostomaceae of North America". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 28 (8): 421–36. doi:10.2307/2478590. JSTOR   2478590.
  11. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 59–60.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Long WH, Ahmad S (1947). "The genus Tulostoma in India". Farlowia. 3: 225–67.
  13. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 60.
  14. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 60–2.
  15. ↑ Massee GE. (1891). "New or imperfectly known Gasteromycetes". Grevillea. 19 (92): 94–8.
  16. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 62.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Lloyd CG. (1906). "The Tylostomae". Mycological Writings. 2: 1–28.
  18. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 62–4.
  19. 1 2 Kasuya T, Asai I, Smaoui A (2007). "Two new records of the genus Tulostoma from Tunisia". Mycotaxon. 101: 289–95.
  20. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 64–5.
  21. 1 2 Schwarzmann SR, Philimonova NM (1970). Flora Spor. Rasteni Kazhastan VI Gasteromycetes. Vol. VI. Alma Ata. p. 223.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  22. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 65.
  23. ↑ Patouillard NT. (1905). "Champignons Algéro-Tunisiens nouveaux ou peu connus" [New or little-known mushrooms of Algeria/Tunisia]. Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France (in French). 21: 117.
  24. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 67.
  25. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 67–8.
  26. 1 2 3 4 5 Bresadola G. (1904). "Sul valore diagnostico del capillizio nel genere "Tylostoma" Pers". Annales Mycologici (in Italian). 2 (5): 412–38.
  27. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 69.
  28. ↑ Baseia IG, Milanez AI (2002). "Tulostoma Persoon (Gasteromycetes) from the cerrado region, state of São Paulo, Brazil" (PDF). Acta Botanica Brasilica. 16 (1): 9–14. doi: 10.1590/s0102-33062002000100003 .
  29. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 69–70.
  30. ↑ Saccardo PA. (1888). "Sylloge Hymenomycetum, Vol. II. Polyporeae, Hydneae, Thelephoreae, Clavarieae, Tremellineae". Sylloge Fungorum (in Latin). Patavii, sumptibus auctoris. 6: 63.
  31. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 71.
  32. 1 2 3 Wright JE, Herrera T, Guzman G (1972). "El género Tulostoma en México" [The genus Tulostoma in Mexico]. Ciencias (México) (in Spanish). 27 (4–5): 109–122.
  33. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 74–5.
  34. ↑ Persoon CH. (1794). "Neuer Versuch einer systematischen Eintheilung der Schwamme". Neues Magazin für die Botanik, Römer (in German). 1: 63–80.
  35. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 76–81.
  36. ↑ Saccardo PA. (1891). "Supplementum Universale, Pars I. Agaricaceae-Laboulbeniaceae". Sylloge Fungorum (in Latin). 9: 268.
  37. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 81–2.
  38. ↑ Wright JE. (2000). "Tres especies interesantes de Tulostoma (Gasteromycetes) de Venezuela" [Three interesting species of Tulostoma (Gasteromycetes) from Venezuela]. Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Argentina (in Spanish). 35 (3–4): 199–201.
  39. ↑ Hariot PA, Patouillard NT (1911). "Collections recueillies par M.A. Chevalier au Congo français. Les champignons de la région Chari-Tschad". Bulletin du Muséum d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (in French). 17 (5): 364–70.
  40. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 83–4.
  41. ↑ Patouillard NT. (1907). "Champignons Algéro-Tunisiens nouveaux ou peu connus" [New or little-known mushrooms of Algeria/Tunisia]. Bulletin trimestriel de la Société mycologique de France (in French). 23: 83.
  42. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 84.
  43. 1 2 3 Long WH. (1947). "Studies in the Gasteromycetes: XV. Notes on new or rare species of Tylostoma". Lloydia. 10: 115–35.
  44. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 84–5.
  45. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 85–6.
  46. 1 2 Wright JE. (1987). "Two new species of Tulostoma (Gasteromycetes) from Texas". Mycologia. 79 (1): 155–7. doi:10.2307/3807758. JSTOR   3807758.
  47. 1 2 Liu B. (1979). "Two new species of Tulostoma from China". Mycologia. 71 (6): 1275–8. doi:10.2307/3759119. JSTOR   3759119.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Long WH. (1944). "Studies in the Gasteromycetes X. Seven new species of Tylostoma". Mycologia. 36 (4): 318–39. doi:10.2307/3754748. JSTOR   3754748.
  49. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 86–7.
  50. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 87–90.
  51. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 90.
  52. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 90–3.
  53. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 93–5.
  54. ↑ Guzmán G. (1996). "Adiciones al conocimiento del género Tulostoma (Basidiomycotina, Gasteromycetes) en Mexico y descripción de una nueva especie". Bulletin of the Botanical Society of Argentina (in Spanish). 28: 113–21.
  55. ↑ Calonge FD, Mata M (2006). "Adiciones y correcciones al catálogo de Gasteromycetes de Costa Rica". Boletin de la Sociedad Micologica de Madrid (in Spanish). 30: 11–119.
  56. ↑ Wright JE. (1983). "Tulostoma exasperatorum, a new species with reticulate spores from South Africa". South African Journal of Botany. 2 (2): 126–8. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4618(16)30126-7 .
  57. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 97–8.
  58. ↑ Montagne JPFC. (1837). "Centurie de plantes exotiques nouvelles". Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique (in French). 8 (II): 345–70.
  59. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 98–9.
  60. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 101.
  61. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 101–4.
  62. ↑ Fries EM. (1829). Systema Mycologicum (in Latin). Vol. 3. p. 43.
  63. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 105–7.
  64. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 117–8.
  65. ↑ Asai I, Asai Y (2008). "New records of two Tulostoma species from Japan". Mycoscience. 49 (6): 399–402. doi:10.1007/s10267-008-0430-8. S2CID   84496006.
  66. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 118–9.
  67. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 122–3.
  68. ↑ Bresadola G. (1881). "Fungi tridentini". Fungi Tridentini Novi, Vel Nondum Delineati, Descripti, ... (in Latin). 1 (1): 1–14.
  69. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 123–5.
  70. ↑ Pina C, Esqueda M, Altes A, Gutierrez A (2010). "First record of Tulostoma gracilipes (Agaricales, Agaricaceae) for the Americas". Mycotaxon. 113: 371–6. doi: 10.5248/113.371 .
  71. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 125.
  72. ↑ Liu B, Li ZY, Du J (1978). "Six new species of the family Tulostomataceae". Acta Microbiologica Sinica (in Chinese). 18 (2): 122–8.
  73. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 126.
  74. ↑ Lohwag H, Swoboda F (1941). "Gasteromyceten aus Uruguay". Revista Sudamericana de Botánica (in German). 7: 1–11.
  75. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 126–7.
  76. ↑ Moravec Z. (1956). "Tulostoma hollosii sp. n. - nový druh palecky v Ceskoslovensku". Preslia (Praha) (in Czech). 28: 34–41.
  77. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 127–8.
  78. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 128.
  79. ↑ Liu B. (1980). "Name change (T. innermongolicum for T. reticulatum nom. nud.)". Mycologia. 72 (6): 1238. doi:10.1080/00275514.1980.12021311.
  80. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 128–9.
  81. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 129–30.
  82. ↑ Patouillard NT. (1886). "Quelques champignons de la Chine, récoltés par le père Delavay dans la province du Yunnam". Revue mycologique (Toulouse) (in French). 8 (30): 143–6.
  83. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 131–3.
  84. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 133–4.
  85. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 134.
  86. ↑ Fries RE. (1909). "Öber einge Gasteromyceten aus Bolivia und Argentinien". Arkiv før Botanik (in German). 8 (11): 1–34.
  87. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 137.
  88. ↑ Spegazzini C. (1922). "Fungi Paraguayenses". Anales del Museo nacional de Historia natural, Buenos Aires (in Spanish). 31: 355–450.
  89. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 137–9.
  90. ↑ Saccardo PA. (1888). Sylloge Fungorum (in Latin). Vol. 7. Patavii, sumptibus auctoris. p. 61.
  91. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 139.
  92. ↑ van der Byl PA. (1921). "The genus Tulostoma in South Africa". Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa. 9 (2): 185–6. Bibcode:1921TRSSA...9..185V. doi:10.1080/00359192109520207.
  93. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 140–4.
  94. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 141–2.
  95. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 142–3.
  96. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 143–5.
  97. ↑ Calonge FD, Siquier JL (2000). "Validation or confirmation of some new taxa recently published". Boletín de la Sociedad Micológica de Madrid. 25 (3): 301–2.
  98. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 145.
  99. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 147.
  100. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 147–8.
  101. 1 2 3 Cunningham GH. (1925). "The Gasteromycetes of Australasia. II. A revision of the genus Tulostoma". Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. 50 (3): 245–59.
  102. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 148–9.
  103. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 149–51.
  104. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 152–4.
  105. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 154–5.
  106. ↑ Lloyd CG. (1920). "Mycological notes 64". Mycological Writings. 6 (64): 985–1028.
  107. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 155–6.
  108. ↑ Patouillard NT. (1897). Catalogue Raisonné des Plantes Cellulaires de la Tunisie (in French). Paris, France: Imprimerie Nationale. p. 70.
  109. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 158.
  110. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 159.
  111. ↑ Hennings P. (1901). "Fungi Indiae orientalis. II". Hedwigia. 40: 323–42.
  112. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 159–60.
  113. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 160–1.
  114. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 162.
  115. ↑ Kers LE. (1978). "Tulostoma niveum sp. nov. (Gasteromycetes), described from Sweden". Botaniska Notiser. 131: 411–7.
  116. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 162–4.
  117. 1 2 Cooke MC, Ellis JB (1878). "New Jersey fungi". Grevillea. 6 (39): 81–96.
  118. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 212 (as Tulostoma volvulatum var. obesum).
  119. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 164–5.
  120. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 165–7.
  121. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 174.
  122. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 218–67.
  123. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 175–7.
  124. ↑ Saccardo PA. (1890). "Notes mycologiques". Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France (in French). 5: 114–23.
  125. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 177–9.
  126. ↑ Hennings P. (1898). "Fungi Americani-boreales". Hedwigia. 37: 267–76.
  127. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 179–82.
  128. ↑ Berkeley MJ. (1842). "Enumeration of fungi, collected by H. Cuming, Esq. F.L.S. in the Philippine Islands". London Journal of Botany. 1 (3): 142–57.
  129. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 182–4.
  130. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 184.
  131. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 184–5.
  132. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 185–6.
  133. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 186.
  134. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 186–8.
  135. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 188–90.
  136. ↑ Peck CH. (1895). "New species of fungi". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 22 (5): 198–211. doi:10.2307/2478162. JSTOR   2478162.
  137. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 191–3.
  138. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 193–4.
  139. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 218–9.
  140. ↑ Persoon CH. (1801). Synopsis Methodica Fungorum (in Latin). p. 139.
  141. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 195–6.
  142. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 196–8.
  143. ↑ Altés A, Moreno G (1991). "Tulostoma striatum (Gasteromycetes, Basidiomycotina) new to Europe". Cryptogamie, Mycologie. 12 (2): 149–53.
  144. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 199–202.
  145. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 202.
  146. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 203.
  147. ↑ Lloyd CG. (1921). "Mycological Notes 65". Mycological Writings: 1047.
  148. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 204.
  149. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 204–7.
  150. ↑ Morgan AP. (1891). "North American fungi . The Gasteromycetes: 3". Journal of the Cincinnati Society of Natural History. 12: 163–72.
  151. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 207–8.
  152. ↑ Sorokin N. (1865). "Materialy dla botanicseskoi geografii Aralo-Kaspiiskago kraia-Zapiski". Imperatorskoi Akademii Nauk, St. Petersburg. 7: 189.
  153. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 208–12.
  154. ↑ Wright (1987), p. 214.
  155. ↑ Long WH. (1946). "Studies in the Gasteromycetes XII: Five new species of Tylostoma with membranous exoperidia". Mycologia. 38 (1): 77–90. doi:10.2307/3755049. JSTOR   3755049.
  156. ↑ Wright (1987), pp. 215–7.

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References

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