List of blockchains

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This is a list of blockchains - decentralized, cryptographic databases - and other distributed ledgers.

List

Name	Date created	Created by	Native cryptocurrency	Consensus algorithm	Programmable?	Private? [Note 1]	Permissioned? [Note 1]	Finality	Ledger state	Notes	Refs.
Bitcoin	January 3, 2009	Satoshi Nakamoto	BTC	PoW with Nakamoto Consensus	Yes (scripts)	No	No	Probabilistic	UTXO	First and most well-known blockchain of all; BTC is the most valuable token in terms of market share.	[1] [2]
Litecoin	Oct 8, 2011	Charlie Lee	LTC	PoW	Yes (scripts)	Yes					[1] [3]
Peercoin	Aug 19, 2012		PPC	PoW	Yes (scripts)	No					[1] [4]
Primecoin	Jul 7, 2013	Sunny King	XPM	PoW						Work is finding long Cunningham chains of prime numbers
MazaCoin	2014?	Payu Harris, AnonymousPirate [5]	MAZA							Initially created for the Oglala Lakota Tribe, [5] but never quite used for that purpose
Namecoin	?		NMC							Allows users to register names; precursor to NFTs
Ethereum	Jul 30, 2015	Ethereum Foundation (founded by Vitalik Buterin and others)	ETH	ETH 1.0 - PoW with Nakamoto consensus, ETH 2.0 - PoS with supermajority	Yes	No	No	ETH 1.0 Probabilistic, ETH 2.0 Economic	Account-balance	ETH is the second most valuable token in terms of market share; switched to PoS (the “merge”) on September 15, 2022; progenitor of Ethereum Classic	[1] [6]
Arbitrum	?	Offchain Labs	ETH	Optimistic rollup	Yes					EVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum	[7]
Base	June 15, 2023	Coinbase	ETH	Optimistic rollup	Yes					EVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum	[8]
Optimism	?	Optimism PBC	ETH	Optimistic rollup	Yes					EVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum	[7] [8]
StarkNet	?	StarkWare	STRK	ZK-rollup	Yes					Layer-2 on Ethereum	[9]
Polygon zkEVM	?	Polygon Technology	ETH	ZK-rollup	Yes					zkEVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum
Ethereum Classic	Jul 20, 2016		ETC	PoW	Yes	No	No			Split from Ethereum due to The DAO hack earlier that month	[1]
Bitcoin Cash	Aug 1, 2017		BCH	PoW					[10]	split from Bitcoin
Cardano	Sep 27, 2017	Charles Hoskinson and Jeremy Wood	ADA	DPoS	Yes	No	No	Probabilistic	UTXO		[1] [11] [12]
TRON	Jun 24, 2018		TRON	DPoS	Yes	No					[1] [13]
Tezos	Jun 30, 2018	Arthur and Kathleen Breitman	XTZ	PoS	Yes	No					[1] [14]
Bitcoin SV	Nov 2018		BSV	PoW	Yes (scripts)	No				split from Bitcoin Cash, itself split from Bitcoin	[1]
Lightning Network [ relevant? ]	2018		n/a	?						Layer-2 on Bitcoin
XinFin	June 1, 2019	XinFin Fintech, XDC Foundation	XDC	XDPOS	Yes	No	No	immediate		XDC Network is an layer 1 EVM compatible, environmental friendly, near zero transaction cost with high speed settlement blockchain platform.
Algorand	Jun 10, 2019	Silvio Micali and others	ALGO	PoS	Yes	No	No	Immediate		Uses a verifiable random function to choose random validators for consensus	[15]
$PC	Sep 16, 2019		$PC	PoS	Yes (scripts)	No	No			$PC future well-known blockchain	[16]
Solana	March 16, 2020	Anatoly Yakovenko and Raj Gokal	SOL	PoS with Proof of History (PoH)	Yes	No	No	Immediate	Account-balance		[17]
Oasis	June 18, 2020	Oasis Labs, Oasis Protocol Foundation	ROSE	PoS	Yes (in ParaTimes)	No	No	Immediate	Account-balance	ParaTimes can use TEE for confidential computing	[18] [19]
Polkadot	May 26, 2020	Parity Technologies	DOT	Started with PoA then moved to PoS	Yes (in parachains)	No	No	Hybrid	Account-balance		[20] [21]
Avalanche	September 10, 2020	Emin Gün Sirer, Maofan "Ted" Yin and Kevin Sekniqi	AVAX	PoS	Yes (in C-Chain)	No	No	Immediate	UTXO		[22]
MobileCoin	Dec 6, 2020	MobileCoin Inc. (founded by Josh Goldbard and Shane Glynn)	MOB
Internet Computer	?	DFINITY Foundation (founded by Dominic WIlliams)	ICP							Computation is very cheap; can host websites
DESO	Jan 18, 2021	Nader al-Naji (aka diamondhands) and others	DESO (formerly BTCLT, CLOUT)							social media; flagship app BitClout; name acquired in Sep 2021	[23]
Terra Classic	?	Do Kwon and others	LUNC (formerly LUNA), UST							Formerly Terra until May 2022; ecosystem collapsed in May 2022 (UST depegged to near-zero and LUNA also went to near-zero)
Terra 2.0	May 28, 2022		LUNA							New blockchain created following the collapse of Terra.	[24]
Stellar	Apr 6, 2016		XLM	BFT	?	?	Yes	?			[4]
EOS.IO	Jul 1, 2017	?	EOS	DPoS	Yes	No	?	?			[4]
LBRY	?		LBC
Ripple	June 2012	Ripple Labs	XRP	BFT	No	No	No	Immediate	Account-balance	Blockchain is known as XRP Ledger. Smart contract capabilities are being added.	[25] [26] [27]
Stacks	?		STX
Vertcoin	Jan 8, 2014		VTC
Hedera Hashgraph	?		HBAR		Yes	No	Yes		Account-balance	Uses a directed acyclic graph instead of a chain per se
Zcash	Oct 28, 2016 [4]		ZEC	PoW		Yes				uses zero-knowledge proofs for privacy
Monero	Apr 18, 2014		XMR	PoW	No	Yes					[1] [4]
Bitcoin Gold			BTG	PoW	Yes (scripts)	No					[1]
Dogecoin			DOGE	PoW	No	No					[1]
Hyperledger Fabric	?	Linux Foundation	N/A	BFT, PoA	Yes	Yes	Yes	Immediate	Account-balance
R3 Corda	?	R3	N/A	PoA (by notaries)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Immediate	UTXO
Polygon PoS	?	?	MATIC	PoS	Yes	No	No	Immediate	Account-balance	network anchored to Ethereum	[8]
Binance Smart Chain	?	Binance	BNB	PoS and PoA	Yes	No	Yes	Immediate	?	Binance Smart Chain is now merged with Binance chain and called BNB chain. Validators on BNB chain are chosen by BNB Beacon chain validators who are permissioned. Hence, BNB chain is considered permissioned.	[28]
Quorum	Nov 22, 2016	?	Ether	PoA with supermajority voting	Yes	Yes	Yes	Immediate	Account-balance	Enterprise version of Ethereum	[29]
IOTA	Jul 11, 2016	IOTA Foundation	MIOTA	PoW/TaPoW[ clarification needed ]	No	No	Yes	Immediate	UTXO	Smart contract capabilities are being added.	[1] [30] [31]
Nano	October 4, 2015	Colin LeMahieu	XNO	Open Representative Voting	No	No	No	Instant (less than1 second) with deterministic finality	Account-balance
NEAR	24 Sep, 2020	NEAR Foundation	NEAR	Started with PoA then moved to PoS	Yes	No	No	Finality	Account-balance		[32]
Aptos	Oct 12, 2022	Aptos Labs	APT	BFT	Yes	No	No	Finality?	Ledger state?		[33]
Linea	January 2024	ConsenSys	ETH	ZK-rollup	Yes		?			zkEVM-compatible Layer-2 on Ethereum
Berachain		Berachain Foundation		Proof of Liquidity						[34]

1. Defined as per ISO 22739:2020 - Blockchain and distributed ledger technologies standard (see https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:22739:ed-1:v1:en):Public+-+blockchain/DLT+system+which+is+accessible+to+the+public+for+use.Private+-+blockchain/DLT+that+is+accessible+for+use+only+to+a+limited+group+of+DLT+users.Permissioned+-+requiring+authorization+to+perform+a+particular+activity+or+activities.Permissionless+-+not+requiring+authorization+to+perform+any+particular+activity.

See also

• Category:Blockchains
• List of cryptocurrencies

References

1. "List of blockchains by consensus, smart contracts and privacy". DLT-Repo. December 27, 2020. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
2. "Block: 0 | Blockchain Explorer". www.blockchain.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
3. "Litecoin (LTC) Block: #1". litecoinblockexplorer.net. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
4. Bamakana, S.M. Hosseini; Motavalia, Amirhossein; Bondarti, A. Babaei (April 13, 2020). "A survey of blockchain consensus algorithms performance evaluation criteria". Expert Systems with Applications. 154 (113385): 113385. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113385. S2CID   218814732.
5. Consunji, Bianca (September 18, 2014). "One Man's Lonely Quest to Build 'Bitcoin for Native Americans'". Mashable. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
6. "On Settlement Finality". Ethereum Foundation Blog. Retrieved January 18, 2023.
7. Coll Aumatell, Roger (July 7, 2021). Analysis and Development of Blockchain Rollups (Master's Thesis). Barcelona, Spain: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya . Retrieved March 18, 2024.
8. "USDC to be available on 15 blockchains after adding 6—including Base, Optimism, and Polygon PoS—over next 2 months". Fortune . Retrieved February 28, 2024.
9. Meir Orbach (March 10, 2022). "StarkWare set to hit $6 billion valuation in new funding round". ctech. Retrieved January 7, 2023.
10. Larson, Selena (August 1, 2017). "Bitcoin split in two, here's what that means". CNNMoney. Retrieved July 28, 2022.
11. "CardanoGenesisBlock NFT". cardanogenesisblock.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
12. "Epoch | Cardano Explorer". explorer.cardano.org. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
13. "TRONSCAN | TRON BlockChain Explorer | 波场区块链浏览器". TRON. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
14. "Tezos Genesis Block". www.objkt.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
15. "Algorand Block #". algoexplorer.io. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
16. "Explorer | $PC". lowgas.io. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
17. "Explorer | Solana". explorer.solana.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
18. OasisProtocol [@OasisProtocol] (June 18, 2020). "🚀🚀🚀 The #AmberNetwork, a fully decentralized release candidate for Oasis Mainnet is LIVE! And it took less than 10 minutes to launch!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
19. "OASIS SCAN | Oasis Blockchain Explorer". oasisscan.com. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
20. Polkadot [@polkadot] (May 26, 2021). "The network's genesis block was produced 1 year ago today" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
21. "Polkadot / Block / 1". blockchair.com. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
22. "P Chain | Block details \ AVAX Explorer \ AVASCAN". avascan.info. Retrieved October 22, 2024.
23. "Bitclout blockchain explorer | Cloutangel". explorer.cloutangel.com. Archived from the original on December 4, 2021. Retrieved July 5, 2022.
24. Terra 🌍 Powered by LUNA 🌕 [@terra_money] (May 28, 2022). "1/ Block 1 of the brand new Terra blockchain (with a chain_id of "Phoenix-1") has officially been produced at 06:00 AM UTC on May 28th, 2022!" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
25. "Consensus". XRP Ledger. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
26. "Consensus Protections Against Attacks and Failure Modes". XRP Ledger. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
27. "XRPL's Origin". XRP Ledger. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
28. "Consensus Engine". BNB Chain Documentation. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
29. "Configure QBFT consensus". IOTA Wiki. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
30. "The Coordinator". ConsenSys. September 27, 2022. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
31. @iota (June 24, 2016). "Launch date of IOTA is set to July 11" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
32. "NEAR MainNet is now Community-Operated". NEAR. September 24, 2020. Retrieved January 25, 2023.
33. "Aptos Tokenomics Overview". Aptos Foundation. Retrieved January 16, 2023.
34. "Berachain Core Docs". Berachain Core Docs. Retrieved October 14, 2024.

General refs

• https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.05665.pdf