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The Great Theatre of Dutch Painters and Paintresses, or De groote schouburgh der Nederlantsche konstschilders en schilderessen, as it was originally known in Dutch, is a series of artist biographies with engraved portraits written by the 18th-century painter Arnold Houbraken. It was published in three volumes as a sequel to Karel van Mander's own list of biographies known as the Schilder-boeck. The first volume appeared in 1718, and was followed by the second volume in 1719, the year Houbraken died. The third and last volume was published posthumously by Houbraken's wife and children in 1721. This work is considered to be a very important source of information on 17th-century artists of the Netherlands. The Schouburg is listed as one of the 1000 most important works in the Canon of Dutch Literature from the Middle Ages to today.
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„De kunstenaar kan in tijden van maatschappelijke benauwenis weinig positiefs doen om rampen af te wenden, maar wel kan hij door mede te helpen nationale uitingen op het eigenaardigst naar voren te brengen het gemeenschapsbesef versterken. Wanneer de belangstelling van het publiek uitgaat naar deze manifestatie, die in zulk een omvang in Holland nog niet gezien is, dan zal menige kunstenaar zich op zijn beurt gesterkt voelen".
"The artist can do little positive in times of social distress to avert disasters, but he can, by helping to bring out national expressions in the most idiosyncratic way, strengthen the sense of community. When the public is interested in this event, which has not yet been seen to such an extent in Holland, many artists will feel strengthened in turn."
Semarang Residency was an administrative subdivision (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies located on the northern coast of Central Java and named after its capital city Semarang. It existed from 1818 to 1942, although its borders were changed many times during that period.
Bantam Residency, sometimes spelled Banten Residency, was an administrative division (Residency) of the Dutch East Indies which existed from 1817 to 1942; it was located at the western point of Java and its capital was at Serang. Its borders largely correspond to the present-day Indonesian province of Banten.
References
- ↑ Arend de Roever (2002), De jacht op sandelhout, Zutphen: Walburg Pers.
- ↑ Hans Hägerdal (2012), Lords of the land, lords of the sea: Conflict and adaptation in early-colonial Timor, 1600-1800, Leiden: KITLV Press.
- ↑ I Ketut Ardhana (2000), Nusa Tenggara nach Einrichtung der Kolonialherrschaft 1915 bis 1950, Passau: Universität Passau, pp. 129-40.
- ↑ Steven Farram (2003), From ‘Timor Koepang’ to ‘Timor NTT’ , Ph. D. Thesis, Northern Territory University.
- ↑ Hans Hägerdal (2012), pp. 425-7; Regeeringsalmanak Nederlandsch Indië, 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff 1800-1942 (various titles).