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The Muslim Students Association, or Muslim Student Union, of the U.S. and Canada, also known as MSA National, is a religious organization dedicated to establishing and maintaining Islamic societies on college campuses in Canada and the United States. It serves to provide coordination, community, outreach and support for affiliated MSA chapters in colleges across North America. Established in 1963, the organization now has chapters in colleges across the continent, and is the precursor of the Islamic Society of North America and several other Islamic organizations. The Muslim Students Association has at times been the subject of scrutiny; for example, the New York Police Department (NYPD) targeted MSAs across several US college campuses for monitoring as part of their Muslim surveillance program.
The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria's multiple ethnic groups. The country has 527 languages, seven of which are extinct. Nigeria also has over 1,150 dialects and ethnic groups. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausas that are predominantly in the north, the Yorubas who predominate in the southwest, and the Igbos in the southeast. There are many other ethnic groups with sizeable populations across the different parts of the country. The Kanuri people are located in the northeast part of Nigeria, the Tiv people of north central and the Efik-Ibibio are in the south South. The Bini people are most frequent in the region between Yorubaland and Igboland.
Rutgers University–Camden is one of three regional campuses of Rutgers University, a public land-grant research university consisting of four campuses in New Jersey. It is located in Camden, New Jersey. Founded in 1926 as the South Jersey Law School, Rutgers–Camden began as an amalgam of the South Jersey Law School and the College of South Jersey. It is the southernmost of the three regional campuses of Rutgers—the others being located in New Brunswick and Newark. It is classified among "R2: Doctoral Universities – High research activity".
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Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) is a federal university in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. The university was founded in 1961 and classes commenced in October 1962 as the University of Ife by the regional government of Western Nigeria, which was led by Samuel Ladoke Akintola. It was renamed "Obafemi Awolowo University" on 12 May 1987, so by the Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida led military administration, in honour of Obafemi Awolowo (1909–1987), the first premier of the Western Region of Nigeria, who initially thought of the idea of establishing the university.
Campus protest or student protest is a form of student activism that takes the form of protest at university campuses. Such protests encompass a wide range of activities that indicate student dissatisfaction with a given political or academics issue and mobilization to communicate this dissatisfaction to the authorities and society in general and hopefully remedy the problem. Protest forms include but are not limited to: sit-ins, occupations of university offices or buildings, strikes etc. More extreme forms include suicide such as the case of Jan Palach's, and Jan Zajíc's protests against the end of the Prague Spring and Kostas Georgakis' protest against the Greek junta of 1967–1974.
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Confraternities in Nigeria are secretive student groups within Nigerian higher education that have been involved in violence and organized crime since the 1980s. The exact death toll of confraternity activities is unclear. One estimate in 2002 was that 250 people had been killed in campus cult-related murders in the previous decade, while the Exam Ethics Project lobby group estimated that 115 students and teachers had been killed between 1993 and 2019.
The Obafemi Awolowo University massacre was a mass murder of students of Obafemi Awolowo University in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria on 10 July 1999. Five students of OAU were killed and eleven injured.
De Norsemen Kclub of Nigeria is a Nigerian confraternity, founded at University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria by students with the nicknames of "Risenangel De Chamelus" "Fons et Origo", "Captain Trupence Njamena" and "Eric the Red". The group was founded in 1985 and registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission of Nigeria as a social charity.
Ago-Iwoye is a city in Ogun, Nigeria of the Ijebu Kingdom. It is located in the Ijebu North Local Governmental Area and the main town comprises seven contiguous districts: Ibipe, Isamuro, Idode, Odosinusi, Igan, Imosu, and Imere. The main campus of Olabisi Onabanjo University is located 7 km west of the city. In 1963, the town had a population of 14,718; by 2013, it was estimated to be about 190,000, with 40,000 of those being university students.
Crime in Nigeria is investigated by the Nigerian Police. Nigeria is considered to be a country with a high level of crime, ranking 17th among the least peaceful countries in the world. During the first half of 2022, almost 6,000 people were killed by jihadists, kidnappers, bandits or the Nigerian army.
Religious violence in Nigeria refers to Christian-Muslim strife in modern Nigeria, which can be traced back to 1953. Today, religious violence in Nigeria is dominated by the Boko Haram insurgency, which aims to establish an Islamic state in Nigeria. Since the turn of the 21st century, 62,000 Nigerian Christians have been killed by the terrorist group Boko Haram, Fulani herdsmen and other groups. The killings have been referred to as a silent genocide.
The National Association of Seadogs, popularly known as the Pyrates Confraternity, is a confraternity organization in Nigeria that is nominally University-based. The group was founded by Dr. Okusanya Qareebah in 1952 by the "Original Seven" to support human rights and social justice in Nigeria.
Kidnapping is a major problem in Nigeria in the early 21st century. Kidnapping by bandits and insurgents is among the biggest organised or gang crime in Nigeria and is a national security challenge.
Ajah is a town in Eti-Osa local government area in Lagos State in Nigeria. It encompasses Addo, Langbasa, Badore, Ajiwe, VGC, Olokonla, etc.
The Black Axe, a sector of the Neo Black Movement, is a confraternity in Nigeria that originated around 1977 at the University of Benin. It now operates as an international criminal organization, whose main activities include human trafficking, money laundering, and fraudulent online operations. Its most notable crime is the Obafemi Awolowo University massacre.
References
- ↑ "About Us". Aborigine Ogboni Fraternity. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
- 1 2 3 "Cults of violence". The Economist. July 31, 2008. ISSN 0013-0613 . Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- 1 2 Rotimi, Adewale. "Violence in the Citadel: The Menace of Secret Cults in the Nigerian Universities" (PDF)., Nordic Journal of African Studies vol. 14, no.1 (2004): 81.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 Wellington, Bestman (July 6, 2007). "Nigeria's Cults and their Role in the Niger Delta Insurgency". Terrorism Monitor. 5 (13). Archived from the original on March 20, 2022 – via The Jamestown Foundation.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Walubengo, Peris (2022-07-20). "Types of cultism in Nigeria, groups, their symbols and meanings". Legit.ng - Nigeria news. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Oyibo, Helen (2020-06-02). "Nigeria's campus cults: Buccaneers, Black Axe and other feared groups". BBC. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- 1 2 3 Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (8 April 2016) Nigeria: The Eiye confraternity, including origin, purpose, structure, membership, recruitment methods, activities and areas of operation; state response via UNHCR, Accessed 30 May 2023
- 1 2 3 Akinosho, Lekan (August 9, 2008). "The Role of Confraternities In Nation-Building: Nigeria As Case Study (The Text of Speech Delivered by Akin Ogunlola at the First Annual Converge of National Association of Airl Lords (N.A.A.) Canada Chapter)". gamji.com. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ "The Black Axe". faz.net. 17 August 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
- ↑ Williams, Sean. "The Black Axe: Cannabis returns to Kathmandu". Harper's Magazine. Vol. September 2019. ISSN 0017-789X . Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ "Inside the Maphite Nigerian Mafia Gang".PM News Nigeria. 19 July 2019. Accessed 13 May 2024.