Related Research Articles
The history of Nigeria can be traced to the earliest inhabitants whose date remains at least 13,000 BC through the early civilizations such as the Nok culture which began around 1500 BC. Numerous ancient African civilizations settled in the region that is known today as Nigeria, such as the Kingdom of Nri, the Benin Kingdom, and the Oyo Empire. Islam reached Nigeria through the Bornu Empire between and Hausa Kingdom during the 11th century, while Christianity came to Nigeria in the 15th century through Augustinian and Capuchin monks from Portugal to the Kingdom of Warri. The Songhai Empire also occupied part of the region. Through contact with Europeans, early harbour towns such as Calabar, Badagry and Bonny emerged along the coast after 1480, which did business in the transatlantic slave trade, among other things. Conflicts in the hinterland, such as the civil war in the Oyo Empire, meant that new enslaved people were constantly being "supplied".
Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the sixth most populous in the world. It is also one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, with approximately 218.5 million people in an area of 923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi).
Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde "Wole" Soyinka is a Nigerian playwright, novelist, poet, and essayist in the English language. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature for his "wide cultural perspective and... poetic overtones fashioning the drama of existence", the first sub-Saharan African to win the Prize in literature.
A secret society is an organization about which the activities, events, inner functioning, or membership are concealed. The society may or may not attempt to conceal its existence. The term usually excludes covert groups, such as intelligence agencies or guerrilla warfare insurgencies, that hide their activities and memberships but maintain a public presence.
The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria's multiple ethnic groups. The country has 527 languages, seven of which are extinct. Nigeria also has over 1,150 dialects and ethnic groups. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausas that are predominantly in the north, the Yorubas who predominate in the southwest, and the Igbos in the southeast. There are many other ethnic groups with sizeable populations across the different parts of the country. The Kanuri people are located in the northeast part of Nigeria, the Tiv people are in the north central, and the Efik-Ibibio are in the south South. The Bini people are most frequent in the region between Yorubaland and Igboland.
The Black church is the faith and body of Christian denominations and congregations in the United States that predominantly minister to, and are also led by African Americans, as well as these churches' collective traditions and members.
The Neo Black Movement of Africa is an international confraternity. It was established in 1977 at the University of Benin in Nigeria as part of the Pan-African movement.
Ògbóni is a fraternal institution indigenous to the Yoruba-speaking polities of Nigeria, Republic of Bénin and Togo, as well as among the Edo people. The society performs a range of political and religious functions, including exercising a profound influence on monarchs and serving as high courts of jurisprudence in capital offenses.
Organised crime in Nigeria includes activities by fraudsters, bandits, drug traffickers and racketeers, which have spread across Western Africa. Nigerian criminal gangs rose to prominence in the 1980s, owing much to the globalisation of the world's economies and the high level of lawlessness and corruption in the country.
Approximately 1.4 million people in the United States were part of gangs as of 2011, and more than 33,000 gangs were active in the country. These include national street gangs, local street gangs, prison gangs, outlaw motorcycle clubs, and ethnic and organized crime gangs.
Confraternities in Nigeria are secretive student groups within Nigerian higher education that have been involved in violence and organized crime since the 1980s. The exact death toll of confraternity activities is unclear. One estimate in 2002 was that 250 people had been killed in campus cult-related murders in the previous decade, while the Exam Ethics Project lobby group estimated that 115 students and teachers had been killed between 1993 and 2019.
Women in Nigeria are a diverse group of individuals who have a wide range of experiences and backgrounds.We are a diverse community of individuals, each bringing a wealth of unique experiences and backgrounds that shape who we are. They are mothers, daughters, sisters, wives, entrepreneurs, professionals, and activists. Women in Nigeria face numerous challenges, including gender inequality, poverty, and a lack of access to education and healthcare. Despite these challenges, Nigerian women are making strides in all areas of life and are becoming increasingly empowered to take control of their lives and their futures.
The Obafemi Awolowo University massacre was a mass murder of students of Obafemi Awolowo University in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria on 10 July 1999. Five students of OAU were killed and eleven injured.
De Norsemen Kclub of Nigeria is a Nigerian confraternity, founded at University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria by students with the nicknames of "Risenangel De Chamelus" "Fons et Origo", "Captain Trupence Njamena" and "Eric the Red". The group was founded in 1970 and registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission of Nigeria as a social charity.
The National Association of Seadogs, popularly known as the Pyrates Confraternity, is a confraternity organization in Nigeria that is nominally University-based. The group was founded by Professor Wole Soyinka and six students in 1952 to support human rights and social justice in Nigeria.
The Reformed Ogboni Fraternity, also known as the R.O.F, is an international fraternal organization. It is commonly described by initiates as a syncretic blend of the Ogboni system of Yorubaland and various external elements.
The Black Axe is an international confraternity with roots in Nigeria. Originally formed from and inspired by the Neo Black Movement of Africa (NBM), it was established at the University of Benin as part of the Pan-African movement in 1977.
The Kegite Club formerly known as Palm Wine Drinkers Association is a confraternity in Nigeria. It was founded in 1962 at Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
The Supreme Eiye Confraternity (SEC), also known as the National Association of Airlords (NAA), is a confraterenity in Nigeria. It was established in 1965.
References
- ↑ "About Us". Aborigine Ogboni Fraternity. Retrieved 2024-05-22.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Wellington, Bestman (July 6, 2007). "Nigeria's Cults and their Role in the Niger Delta Insurgency". Terrorism Monitor. 5 (13). Archived from the original on March 20, 2022 – via The Jamestown Foundation.
- 1 2 3 "Cults of violence". The Economist. July 31, 2008. ISSN 0013-0613 . Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Oyibo, Helen (2020-06-02). "Nigeria's campus cults: Buccaneers, Black Axe and other feared groups". BBC. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ "The Black Axe". faz.net. 17 August 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2024.
- 1 2 3 Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada (8 April 2016) Nigeria: The Eiye confraternity, including origin, purpose, structure, membership, recruitment methods, activities and areas of operation; state response via UNHCR, Accessed 30 May 2023
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Walubengo, Peris (2022-07-20). "Types of cultism in Nigeria, groups, their symbols and meanings". Legit.ng - Nigeria news. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ Williams, Sean. "The Black Axe: Cannabis returns to Kathmandu". Harper's Magazine. Vol. September 2019. ISSN 0017-789X . Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- 1 2 3 Akinosho, Lekan (August 9, 2008). "The Role of Confraternities In Nation-Building: Nigeria As Case Study (The Text of Speech Delivered by Akin Ogunlola at the First Annual Converge of National Association of Airl Lords (N.A.A.) Canada Chapter)". gamji.com. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
- ↑ "Inside the Maphite Nigerian Mafia Gang".PM News Nigeria. 19 July 2019. Accessed 13 May 2024.
- ↑ Rotimi, Adewale. "Violence in the Citadel: The Menace of Secret Cults in the Nigerian Universities" (PDF)., Nordic Journal of African Studies vol. 14, no.1 (2004): 81.