Neo Black Movement of Africa

Last updated

Neo Black Movement of Africa
NBM
Neo Black Movement of Africa logo.png
FoundedJuly 7, 1977;47 years ago (1977-07-07)
University of Benin (Nigeria)
TypeConfraternity
AffiliationIndependent
StatusActive
Emphasis Pan-Africanism
ScopeInternational
Motto"Social Justice and Equality/Equity for all"
Colors  White,   Black, and   Yellow
SymbolBlack Axe and chains
Members1,000,000 lifetime
NicknameNBM of Africa
HeadquartersAmagba, Benin City , Edo State
Nigeria
Website nbmofafrica.org

The Neo Black Movement of Africa is an international confraternity. It was established in 1977 at the University of Benin in Nigeria as part of the Pan-African movement.

Contents

History

On July 7, 1977, nine students from the University of Benin, led by Nicholas Idemudia started the Neo Black Movement of Africa (NBM), a male brotherhood focused on "intellectual radicalism in pursuit of Pan-African struggles." [1] [2] [3] With the support of M. Angulu Onwuejiogwu, a professor of history and anthropology at the university, the founders of the NBM were: [1]

The NBM formed as a response to the reported excesses of National Association of Seadogs (Pyrates), a similar group established in 1952. [4] [2] NBM became a prominent group at many universities in Nigeria during the 1980s. [2] Its leaders then decided to connect with the Neo black movement of Africa, calling itself a brotherhood focusing on black realism and determinism. [1]

The Neo-Black Movement of Africa was registered with the Corporate Affairs Commission under the Company and Allied Matters Act (CAMA) on February 24, 1994, with registration No 7729. [5] [6] As of 2024, it has around one million members. [1] Its headquarters are in Amagba, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. [7]

Symbols

Members of the Neo Black Movement of Africa, 2011 Neo Black Movement aka Black Axe.JPG
Members of the Neo Black Movement of Africa, 2011

The NBM's motto is "Social Justice and Equality/Equity for all." [6] Its symbol is a black axe above two hands in chains, symbolically smashing the shackles of colonialism. [4] [3] This represents its readiness to confront difficult tasks and to break social injustice, along with other vices that limit humanity's progress. [1]

Its colors are white, black, and yellow. [1] Members wear white shirts, black pants, a yellow tie, and headgear consisting of a yellow ribbon. [2] White represents harmony and purity of the body and mind, black represents sympathy with the Black race, and yellow represents the intelligence of its members. [2] [1]

Activities

NBM's activities encourage African art, culture, and traditions, along with global peace. [1] It holds a national convention annually in March. [1] Members participate in "jollification", an event featuring Egede drums, music, and dancing. [1] At the end of each year, the group hosts Black/African Nights that are open to non-members of all genders. [1] Members participate in at least one charitable activity each year. [1] Its priorities include climate change, education, food sovereignty, health, indigenous people, and water. [8]

Controversies and member misconduct

In February 2024, the Neo Black Movement of Africa publicly disassociated itself from the Black Axe, a criminal subgroup of the confraternity that formed in 1994. [9] [10] In January 2024, NBM published a list of 24 expelled members who were associated with Black Axe, followed by a list of 27 expelled members in July 2024. [11] The latter included four former NBM national presidents. [11] However, various publications refer to NBM and Black Axe as synonymous, including the Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. [12] [9] In April 2024, reporter Biaca Bridger wrote, "Due to the secretive nature of the group it is difficult to ascertain the alleged links between the Neo-Black Movement and Black Axe. However, throughout Nigeria, the two groups are synonymous, with their members taking part in organized crime, human trafficking and money laundering." [9]

Chapters

NBM refers to its campus chapters as temples. As of 2013, its temples were at the following Nigerian colleges and universities, with active chapters indicated in bold and inactive chapters and institutions in italics. [13]

ChapterCharter dateInstitutionLocationStatusReferences
Futa JallonJuly 7, 1977 University of Benin, Ugbowo Campus Benin City, Edo State Active [1] [3]
Adamawa Institute of Management and Technology, Enugu Enugu, Enugu State Active
Agemo Tai Solarin University of Education Ijebu Ode, Ogun State Active
Agulu Lake Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education Owerri, Imo State Active
Ajayi Crowther Kogi State Polytechnic Lokoja, Kogi State Active
Alabata Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta Abeokuta, Ogun State Active
Amba loko College of Education, Katsina-Ala Katsina-Ala, Benue State Active
Asa Kwara State Polytechnic Ilorin, Kwara State Active
Ashanti Delta State University of Science and Technology Ozoro, Delta State Active
Azania College of Education, Warri Warri, Delta State Active
Bakassi University of Cross River State Calabar, Cross River State Active
Barkin Kada Kaduna Polytechnic Kaduna, Kaduna State Active
Benikrukru Rivers State University Port Harcourt, Rivers State Active
Bermuda 1 University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus Nsukka, Enugu State Active [12]
Bermuda 2 University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus Enugu, Enugu State Active
Biafra Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic Unwana, Ebonyi State Active
Damissa Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State Active
Egbesu Niger Delta University, Yenagoa Campus Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Active
Ekamba Uyo City Polytechnic Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Active
Ekpe Abia State Polytechnic Aba, Abia State Active
El-Kanemi Benue State Polytechnic Okpokwu, Benue State Active
Eluku Lagos State University of Science and Technology Ikorodu, Lagos State Active [12]
Ese-Ovia Benin Polytechnic Benin City, Edo State Active
Eti-oni Osun State College of Technology Esa-Oke, Osun State Active
Eti-Osa Yaba College of Technology Lagos, Lagos State Active
Ewekoko Lagos State University Ojo, Lagos State Active
Futa Jallon 2 University of Benin, Ekenwan Campus Benin City, Edo State Active
Gwadana Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa Nasarawa, Nasarawa State Active
Idi Ogun Federal Polytechnic, Offa Offa, Kwara State Active
Ifi 1 University of Agriculture, Makurdi Makurdi, Benue State Active
Ifi 2 Benue State University Makurdi, Benue State Active
Igbosere Federal College of Fisheries and Marine Technology Victoria Island, Lagos State Active
Igogo Rufus Giwa Polytechnic Owo, Ondo State Active
Ikenga Federal Polytechnic, Nekede Nekede, Owerri West Active
Ikogosi Federal University of Technology Akure Akure, Ondo State Active
Ikogosi 1 Adeyemi College of Education Ondo, Ondo State Active
Ikoro Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike, Abia State Active
Ikpitan Federal College of Education Technical, Ekiadolor Benin City, Edo State Active
Inikpi Dragon Federal Polytechnic, Idah Idah, Kogi State Active
Kalakuta Federal Polytechnic, Oko Oko, Anambra State Active
Kanem Bornu Auchi Polytechnic Auchi, Edo State Active
Kanta Bakassi University of Cross River State, Calabar Campus Calabar, Cross River State Active
Kanta Benikrukru Kenule Beeson Saro-Wiwa Polytechnic Bori City, Rivers State Active
Kanta Ethiopia Delta State University, Abraka Abraka, Delta State Active
Kanta Okemini Madonna University, Okija Campus Okija, Anambra State Active
Katanga Abia State University Uturu, Abia State Active
Kenneth Kaunda Imo State University Owerri, Imo State Active
Kilimanjaro Enugu State University of Science and Technology Enugu, Enugu State Active
Kiriji University of Lagos Lagos, Lagos State Active
Kofina Nuhu Bamalli Polytechnic Zaria Kaduna State Active
Koma Modibbo Adama Federal University of Technology, Yola Girei, Adamawa State Active
Kudeti The Polytechnic, Ibadan Ibadan, Oyo State Active
Kudeti 2 Adeseun Ogundoyin Polytechnic, Eruwa Eruwa, Oyo State Active
Lake Alor Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku Ogwashi-Uku, Delta State Active
Lake Chad University of Maiduguri Maiduguri, Borno State Active
Limpopo Bendel State College of Agriculture Anwai, Bendel State Inactive
Moriqua University of Calabar Calabar, Cross River State Active
Naraguta Federal University of Technology, Owerri Owerri, Imo State Active
Obanta Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State Active
Odudu Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State Active
Oduduwa Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife, Osun State Active
Ofu Prince Abubakar Audu University Anyigba, Kogi State Active [lower-alpha 1]
Ofuobi Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba Asaba, Delta State Active
Ogbuide Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Uli, Anambra State Active [lower-alpha 2]
Ogoni Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi, Bauchi State Active
Ogunpa University of Ibadan Ibadan, Oyo State Active
Okemeje Osun State Polytechnic Iree, Osun State Active
Okemini University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Active
Oke-Ovia Edo State College of Agriculture Iguoriakhi Iguoriakhi, Edo State Active
Oloibiri Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun, Delta State Active
Olumo Moshood Abiola Polytechnic Abeokuta, Ogun State Active
Oroona Federal Polytechnic, Ilaro Ilaro, Ogun State Active
Qua Heritage Polytechnic Eket, Akwa Ibom State Active
River Benue Nasarawa State University Keffi, Nasarawa State Active
Rocky Olota Federal Polytechnic, Ado-Ekiti Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State Active
Rwanda Ramat Polytechnic Maiduguri, Borno State Active
Sahara Usuman Danfodiyo University Sokoto, Sokoto State Active
Sanaga Igbinedion University, Okada Okada, Edo State Active
Sancta Ika University of Delta, Agbor Campus Agbor, Delta State Active
Sardauna Federal Polytechnic, Mubi Mubi, Adamawa State Active
Shango University of Uyo Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Active
Shiroro Federal University of Technology Minna, Niger State Active
Somalia University of Abuja Abuja Active
Soun Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso, Oyo State Active
Soweto Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ebonyi State Active
Sub Damissa Bayero University Kano Kano, Kano State Active
Sub Etiosa Federal College of Education (Technical), Akoka Akoka, Lagos State Active
Swem Karagbe Fidei Polytechnic, Gboko Gboko, Benue State Active
Udi Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Edo State Active
Zambezi Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Anambra State Active
Zarama University of Jos Jos, Plateau State Active
Zobi University of Ilorin Ilorin, Kwara State Active [12]
Zuma Dorben Polytechnic Garam, Niger State,Active [lower-alpha 3]
  1. ↑ Chapter formed at Kogi State University, which became Prince Abubakar Audu University in 2020.
  2. ↑ Chapter formed at Anambra State University of Science & Technology, now Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University.
  3. ↑ Chapter was formed when the polytechnic was at its original location in Bwari, Abuja.

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nigeria</span> Country in West Africa

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country in West Africa. It is situated between the Sahel to the north and the Gulf of Guinea to the south in the Atlantic Ocean. It covers an area of 923,769 square kilometres (356,669 sq mi). With a population of more than 230 million, it is the most populous country in Africa, and the world's sixth-most populous country. Nigeria borders Niger in the north, Chad in the northeast, Cameroon in the east, and Benin in the west. Nigeria is a federal republic comprising 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory, where its capital, Abuja, is located. The largest city in Nigeria is Lagos, one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world and the largest in Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demographics of Nigeria</span>

Nigeria is the most populous country in Africa and the sixth most populous in the world. It is also one of the most densely populated countries in Africa, with approximately 218.5 million people in an area of 923,768 km2 (356,669 sq mi).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wole Soyinka</span> Nigerian writer (born 1934)

Akinwande Oluwole Babatunde "Wole" Soyinka is a Nigerian playwright, novelist, poet, and essayist in the English language. He was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Literature for his "wide cultural perspective and... poetic overtones fashioning the drama of existence", the first sub-Saharan African to win the Prize in literature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nnamdi Azikiwe</span> President of Nigeria from 1963 to 1966

Nnamdi Benjamin Azikiwe, commonly referred to as Zik of Africa, was a Nigerian politician, statesman, and revolutionary leader who served as the 3rd and first black governor-general of Nigeria from 1960 to 1963 and the first president of Nigeria during the First Nigerian Republic (1963–1966). He is widely regarded as the father of Nigerian nationalism as well as one of the major driving forces behind the country's independence in 1960.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pan-Africanism</span> Movement to encourage and strengthen bonds between people of African ancestry

Pan-Africanism is a worldwide movement that aims to encourage and strengthen bonds of solidarity between all indigenous peoples and diasporas of African ancestry. Based on a common goal dating back to the Atlantic slave trade, the movement extends beyond continental Africans with a substantial support base among the African diaspora in the Americas and Europe.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Culture of Nigeria</span>

The culture of Nigeria is shaped by Nigeria's multiple ethnic groups. The country has 527 languages, seven of which are extinct. Nigeria also has over 1,150 dialects and ethnic groups. The three largest ethnic groups are the Hausas that are predominantly in the north, the Yorubas who predominate in the southwest, and the Igbos in the southeast. There are many other ethnic groups with sizeable populations across the different parts of the country. The Kanuri people are located in the northeast part of Nigeria, the Tiv people are in the north central, and the Efik-Ibibio are in the south South. The Bini people are most frequent in the region between Yorubaland and Igboland.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ogboni</span> Nigerian confraternity

Ogboni is a fraternal institution indigenous to the Yoruba-speaking polities of Nigeria, Republic of Bénin and Togo, as well as among the Edo people. The society performs a range of political and religious functions, including exercising a profound influence on monarchs and serving as high courts of jurisprudence in capital offenses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Flag of Biafra</span> History of the flag of the Republic of Biafra (c. 1967 - 1970)

The flag of Biafra, used by the Republic of Biafra during the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970), consists of a horizontal tricolour of red, black, and green, charged with a golden rising sun over a golden bar. The eleven rays of the sun represent the eleven former provinces of Biafra. The rays are typically long and slender with the lowest rays being nearly horizontal and the remaining rays spread evenly between.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hakim Adi</span> British historian and scholar

Hakim Adi is a British historian and scholar who specializes in African affairs. He was the first African-British historian to become a professor of history in the UK when in 2015 he was appointed Professor of the History of Africa and the African Diaspora at the University of Chichester, launching in 2018 the world's first online MRes in the History of Africa and the African Diaspora.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benson Idahosa University</span> Private university in Nigeria

Benson Idahosa University (BIU) is a private, Christian university in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Previously named Christian Faith University (CFU), it was renamed in honor of Archbishop Benson Idahosa, a Charismatic Pentecostal minister from Benin City, Nigeria, and reflects his evangelical beliefs. He was the first president of the university. The current president of Benson Idahosa University, Rt. Rev. (Dr.) Faith Emmanuel Benson Idahosa, son of Benson Idahosa, is the Bishop of CGMi Faith Arena and Co-ordinator, Next Generation Leadership of the Church of God Mission.

Organised crime in Nigeria includes activities by fraudsters, bandits, drug traffickers and racketeers, which have spread across Western Africa. Nigerian criminal gangs rose to prominence in the 1980s, owing much to the globalisation of the world's economies and the high level of lawlessness and corruption in the country.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Confraternities in Nigeria</span> Cult-like student groups in Nigeria

Confraternities in Nigeria are secretive student groups within Nigerian higher education that have been involved in violence and organized crime since the 1980s. The exact death toll of confraternity activities is unclear. One estimate in 2002 was that 250 people had been killed in campus cult-related murders in the previous decade, while the Exam Ethics Project lobby group estimated that 115 students and teachers had been killed between 1993 and 2019.

The Obafemi Awolowo University massacre was a mass murder of students of Obafemi Awolowo University in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria on 10 July 1999. Five students of OAU were killed and eleven injured.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nordic Resistance Movement</span> Pan-Nordic neo-Nazi movement

The Nordic Resistance Movement is a pan-Nordic neo-Nazi movement in the Nordic countries and a political party in Sweden. Besides Sweden, it is established in Norway, Denmark and Iceland, and formerly in Finland before it was banned in 2019. Terrorism expert Magnus Ranstorp has described the NRM as a terrorist organization due to their aim of abolishing democracy along with their paramilitary activities and weapons caches. In 2022, some members of the United States Congress began calling for the organization to be added to the United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations. On 14 June 2024, the United States Department of State designated NRM and its leaders as Specially Designated Global Terrorists (SDGT).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Association of Seadogs</span> Confraternity organization in Nigeria

The National Association of Seadogs, popularly known as the Pyrates Confraternity, is a confraternity organization in Nigeria that is nominally University-based. The group was founded by Professor Wole Soyinka and six students in 1952 to support human rights and social justice in Nigeria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melina Abdullah</span> American academic and civic activist

Melina Reimann Abdullah is an American academic and civic leader. She is the former chair of the department of Pan-African Studies at California State University, Los Angeles, and is a co-founder of the Los Angeles chapter of Black Lives Matter and Black Lives Matter Grassroots, for which she also serves as co-director.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black Axe (confraternity)</span> Nigerian political and religious organization

The Black Axe is an international confraternity with roots in Nigeria. Originally formed from and inspired by the Neo Black Movement of Africa (NBM), it was established at the University of Benin as part of the Pan-African movement in 1977.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Supreme Eiye Confraternity</span> Nigerian confraternity

The Supreme Eiye Confraternity (SEC), also known as the National Association of Airlords (NAA), is a confraterenity in Nigeria. It was established in 1965.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "History". NBM of Africa. 14 December 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 "History Of Black Axe Confraternity - Neo Black Movement (NBM)". Ordinary Man Helped by God. 2 October 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  3. 1 2 3 Williams, Sean (September 2019). "The Black Axe: How a pan-African freedom movement lost its way". Harper's Magazine. Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  4. 1 2 Betton, Margherita; Klaubert, David (7 May 2020). "Neo-Black Movement a.k.a. Black Axe - social movement or international criminal network?". Journalismfund Europe. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  5. ↑ Omafuaire, Akpokona (29 April 2024). "Court slams N30 million damages against Linda Ikeji". Vanguard Newspaper. Retrieved 29 April 2024.
  6. 1 2 "About Us". NBM of Africa. 2 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  7. ↑ "Contact Us". NBM of Africa. 2 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  8. ↑ "Ideology". NBM of Africa. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  9. 1 2 3 Bridger, Bianca (9 April 2024). "Nigeria: Black Axe Confraternity Members Found With a Gallon of Human Blood". Atlas. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  10. ↑ Boyers, Candice (28 April 2023). "Representation of Nigeria's Black Axe Criminal Organization: Mafia, Cult, or Confraternity?". Chosen Narrative. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  11. 1 2 "Disclaimer". NBM of Africa. 13 September 2024. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  12. 1 2 3 4 "Responses to Information Requests". Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. 28 October 2022. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  13. ↑ "A Neo Black Movement Dictionary". najuju. 27 October 2013. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.