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Nsukka | |
---|---|
Town | |
Coordinates: 6°51′24″N7°23′45″E / 6.85667°N 7.39583°E | |
Country | Nigeria |
State | Enugu State |
Government | |
• Local Government Chairman | Walter Ozioko (PDP) |
Area | |
• Total | 2,141.08 sq mi (5,545.38 km2) |
Elevation | 1,410 ft (430 m) |
Population (2006 Census) [1] | |
• Total | 309,633 |
Time zone | GMT+1 |
3-digit postal code prefix | 410 |
ISO 3166 code | NG.EN.NS |
National language | Igbo |
Nsukka is a town and a Local Government Area in Enugu State, Nigeria. Nsukka shares a common border as a town with Edem, Opi (archaeological site), Ede-Oballa, and Obimo.
The postal code of the area is 410001 and 410002 respectively, referring to University of Nigeria Campus, and Nsukka Urban. [2]
Nsukka is made up of Mkpunano, Nru, and Ihe'n Owerre. Presently, there is an erroneous trend of referring to all the towns under Enugu North Senatorial Zone as Nsukka. This trend could be as a result of Nsukka housing the headquarters of the now defunct Nsukka province under the colonial rule.
Nsukka is also a local government area and comprises several towns including Nsukka the host to the first indigenous university in Nigeria, the University of Nigeria, Nsukka (UNN).
Nsukka is an agricultural-trade centre for the yams, cassava (manioc), corn (maize), taro, pigeon peas, and palm oil and kernels produced by the local Igbo (Ibo) people. Weaving is a traditional local craft. Coal deposits have been discovered east of Nsukka around Obolo, a town on the main Onitsha-Makurdi road. [3]
People in Nsukka speak central Igbo and Nsukka dialect, a sub-dialect of larger Igbo language.
The influence of Nsukka people was felt as far as Idah, the Achadu Oko Attah clan in Idah historically migrated from Nsukka.
Nsukka in the 18th and 19th century had one of the best fighting forces in what is present-day Enugu North, which they employed in waging war against their neighbours in order to gain more territories for their rising population, among other reasons. [4] Each community that made up the town of Nsukka had stationed in them a fighting force made up of people from that community. [5]
Nsukka's numerous wars with her neighbours were usually successful such that some surrounding communities requested help from Nsukka to protect them from their attackers. [5]
An instance of Nsukka's expansionist bid was the war with Ejuona-Obukpa (a community in Obukpa) which eventually ended in the annexing of a part of Ejuona-Obukpa. According to D. C. Ugwu, this war should not be viewed as one between Nsukka and the entire Obukpa as Ejuona (the involved community) refused the assistance of the rest of Obukpa. [6] By the time the war ended, Nsukka succeeded in taking parts of Ejuona-Obukpa, almost wiping out one village (Umugboguru) of all its inhabitants in the process. [7]
Nsukka is the second largest town in Enugu state. [8] The people of Nsukka are deeply religious and most of the indigenes of this geographical area are traditional religion adherents. [9] They celebrate a popular masquerade festival known as "Omabe festival" every year. [9] The essence of [10] the festival is show the indigenes' reverence for their Chi (i.e. Personal god). Also, the Omabe festival enables them to strengthen the relationship between different communities that made up of this geographical area. The Omabe is notable for its magical and stylistic displays.
Climate data for Nsukka | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 36.1 (97.0) | 36.9 (98.4) | 37.8 (100.0) | 36.7 (98.1) | 35.0 (95.0) | 33.3 (91.9) | 35.0 (95.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 32.8 (91.0) | 34.4 (93.9) | 35.0 (95.0) | 35.6 (96.1) | 37.8 (100.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.5 (92.3) | 34.9 (94.8) | 34.7 (94.5) | 33.6 (92.5) | 32.0 (89.6) | 30.5 (86.9) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.6 (85.3) | 30.2 (86.4) | 31.2 (88.2) | 32.6 (90.7) | 32.9 (91.2) | 32.1 (89.8) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.6 (78.1) | 27.2 (81.0) | 28.3 (82.9) | 27.4 (81.3) | 26.6 (79.9) | 25.5 (77.9) | 25.0 (77.0) | 24.8 (76.6) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.3 (77.5) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.6 (78.1) | 26.0 (78.8) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 20.3 (68.5) | 22.8 (73.0) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.9 (75.0) | 23.1 (73.6) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.3 (72.1) | 22.1 (71.8) | 22.3 (72.1) | 21.6 (70.9) | 20.0 (68.0) | 22.3 (72.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | 12.8 (55.0) | 12.8 (55.0) | 16.1 (61.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.9 (66.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 18.9 (66.0) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.9 (66.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 12.2 (54.0) | 12.2 (54.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 18.8 (0.74) | 15.4 (0.61) | 70.3 (2.77) | 130.1 (5.12) | 217.2 (8.55) | 251.9 (9.92) | 241.9 (9.52) | 237.1 (9.33) | 292.0 (11.50) | 200.9 (7.91) | 12.1 (0.48) | 7.7 (0.30) | 1,695.4 (66.75) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 1.4 | 1.2 | 3.9 | 6.8 | 12.2 | 13.7 | 15.6 | 15.3 | 17.8 | 12.2 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 102.1 |
Average relative humidity (%) (at 15:00 LST) | 34.3 | 37.4 | 45.6 | 56.4 | 63.6 | 68.5 | 71.3 | 70.8 | 70.3 | 66.4 | 50.5 | 38.7 | 56.1 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 186.0 | 173.6 | 182.9 | 183.0 | 186.0 | 153.0 | 117.8 | 117.8 | 123.0 | 173.6 | 219.0 | 217.0 | 2,032.7 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 6.0 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 4.1 | 5.6 | 7.3 | 7.0 | 5.6 |
Source 1: NOAA [11] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (extremes) [12] |
Eshu is an Igbo breed of cow used in a funeral rite in the Nsukka cultural area of Igboland. Many factors influence if someone will receive funeral rites, such as how and when they die, their marital status, and if they performed the same rites for their own parents. If someone qualifies, then the rite is performed to ensure that the dead can rest peacefully and to lift them to a higher position within the spirit world. There are many animals which can be used and each animal has a different significance. The cow is the highest ranked among those used in the ritual. [13]
In traditional Igbo society, men's dominance was total. Women were to be seen but not to be heard: it was a man's world. Whether in the day to day governance, economic activities, religion, among others, women played a peripheral role in the society. A man could marry as many wives as he wants. The younger wives could be the age mates of his first set of children. Whether the husband is virile enough to satisfy the innumerable wives is hardly taken into consideration. To check marital infidelity on the part of the women in this polygamous society, the Nsukka Igbo instituted the Ndishi/Nna tradition. The Ndishi/Nna tradition connotes a spiritual avowal among the Nsukka people which origin is embedded in myth. The tradition forbids any married woman from engaging in any form of extra-marital affairs or assisting the relations without express permission of the husband. Women from other parts of Igboland who are married to the men of this area are usually forewarned about the efficacy of this tradition. It is the general belief among the people that any such act attracts the wrath of the gods, which results to instant madness for the transgressor. Employing qualitative approach which includes, participant observation, indepth interviews and oral tradition, the researchers explored the potency of this tradition in checking marital infidelity. Enugu-Ezike, Obollo, and Imilike communities which have distinct cultural practices among Nsukka people were selected for the study. Johannes Andenaees's theory of punishment and deterrence would be applied. [14]
Nsukka is known to be rich in tradition and it is one of the Igbo communities that still upholds her traditional practices especially the masquerade festival. [15] These masquerades comes in different colors and shapes, some are beautifully made while some are tattered. [16] The Nsukka masquerade assumes different names in different communities. In Obollo Afor, it is called Akatakpa; in Igbo Etiti, it is known as Odo; in Orba it is known as Ogede; in Nsukka, it is called Oriokpa or Omaba. [16] In olden days, masquerades were a rallying point as they performed different functions ranging from entertainment to peace making, social control, and it was also used for security purposes. [17]
Sport is an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment.
The administrative offices of Nsukka are spread over various administrative buildings. The town hall with the local government chairman’s office is one of several administrative buildings in Nsukka. In 2021, former Governor of Enugu State, Governor Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi relocated the zonal offices of Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) to a newly constructed State Secretariat Annex at Ede-Oballa. These MDAs include Ministry of Education, Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Lands and Urban Development, Office of the Auditor General (both state and local government offices), Office of the Statistician-General, PPSMB Audit Department, and Science Technical and Vocational Schools Management Board STVSMB. [21]
Beside the Nnamdi Azikiwe Library located in University of Nigeria, Nsukka, there is also a state library at Library Road Nsukka.
In Nsukka, medical care is provided by several hospitals and clinics owned by either the church, government or private individuals. Prominent among them are Bishop Shanahan Hospital located at Enugu Road, Nsukka and the University of Nigeria Medical Center. [22]
Enugu is the capital city of Enugu State in Nigeria. The city had a population of 4,690,100 spread across the three LGAs of Enugu East, Enugu North and Enugu South, according to the 2022 Nigerian census.
Enugu State verbally pronounced as "Enụgwụ" by the igbo indigenes is a state in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria, bordered to the north by the states of Benue and Kogi, Ebonyi State to the east and southeast, Abia State to the south, and Anambra State to the west. The state takes its name from its capital and largest city, Enugu. The city acquired township status in 1917 and was called Enugwu-Ngwo. Due to the rapid expansion towards areas owned by other indigenous communities, it was renamed Enugu in 1928.
Igbo land, east is the indigenous homeland of the Igbo people. It is a cultural and common linguistic region in southeastern Nigeria. Geographically, it is divided into two sections by the: an eastern and western.Its population is characterized by the diverse Igbo culture
Isi Uzo is a Local Government Area (LGA) of Enugu State, Nigeria bordering Benue State and Ebonyi State. The largest city within Isi Uzo is Eha-Amufu, and the region is host to 23 autonomous communities with its capital in Ikem and the oldest town is Umualor (Umuero). After independence, the local government area was created in 1976. Isi-Uzo is a constituent of the Enugu East Senatorial District and has a population of approximately 220,000.
Edem, occasionally referred to by the misnomer "Edem Ani" to distinguish it from Edem Nru and Edem Iheakpu Awka, is an ancient traditional state in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria. A culturally rich, stable traditional political system with institutions of government dating back 900 years, it is one of the oldest civilisations in existence pre-colonial Nigeria. Today, it is made up of three autonomous communities/towns, listed in order of seniority: Akpa-Edem, Ozi-Edem and Edem-Ani but unified as a culturally inviolable and indivisible federated entity.
Ogui is an autonomous community in Nike, in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State in the southeastern geopolitical zone of Nigeria. It comprises Umunevo Village, Ihewuzi Village and Onuato Village. Ogui Nike, as it is usually called, is a major landlord to the administrative, political and economic hub of Enugu City, in that major public and private institutions, shopping malls, hotels, parks, banks and so on are situated on Ogui land.
Inyi is a town in Oji River Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria, approximately 60 kilometers from Enugu City and 35 kilometers from Nnewi. The name "Inyi" refers to a metaphor, which is an essential component in the creation of proverbs. It is the Igbo name for the red water tree. Due to historical events connecting the tree and the town's founder, he was given the name, which subsequently became the town's name. Inyi has several tourist attractions, including the Nwachighi stream, Ajala Inyi shrine, Okpu-ogho spring, Oji Alum Rapids, and the Sacred Heart Church. The town is also known for its pottery and traditional crafts. Visitors can also enjoy the hospitality of the Inyi people, who are known for their love of traditional music and dance. They also have a rich tradition of pottery and traditional crafts. The people of Inyi are primarily farmers, wine tappers, and petty traders. Women are skilled in pottery and the making of abacha varieties. Inyi people believe in God, the other gods, ancestors, and reincarnation. A popular festival in Inyi is the Ajala Inyi festival, which is held every year in October. Christmas and Easter are also celebrated in Inyi.
Ibagwa-Aka is an Igbo community located North of the great University of Nigeria, Nsukka. It is the headquarters of Igbo Eze South Local Government of Enugu State, Nigeria. It is bordered to the north by Itchi and Nkalagu Obukpa; to the North-east by Ibagwa Ani; to the east by Ibagwa Ani and Obukpa; to the South by Obukpa; and to the West by Ovoko and Iheakpu Awka.
Lejja is a community comprising 33 villages in Enugu State of South-Eastern Nigeria. It is populated by the Igbo people and located about at 14 Kilometers from Nsukka. It is the location of a prehistoric archaeological site which contains iron smelting furnaces and slag that dates back to 2000 BC. The village square at Otobo ugwu is likely the first village square in Lejja contains over 800 blocks of slag weighs between 34 and 57 kg. Geophysical investigations have located buried iron slag in several other locations in the community.
Lawrence Ifeanyi Ugwuanyi is a Nigerian politician who served as the governor of Enugu State from 2015 to 2023. He was a member of the House of Representatives of Nigeria representing Igboeze North/Udenu federal constinuency from 2003 to 2015. He is a member of Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).
The ofo is a staff carried by selected Igbo leaders — notably patrilineage priests, kings, onyishi, and some masqueraders — that signifies authority, the right to command, administrative powers, and/or the conferment of leadership and power bestowed by the gods..It is typically six to seven inches long and made of bronze, brass, or wood.
The Waawa clan of Northern Igboland, also referred to as Ndi Waawa, Wawa People, are a unique sub-group of the Igbo people in Enugu and Ebonyi State, Nigeria, consisting of several communities, who all speak a unique dialect of Igbo called Waawa. The most notable among these are the Agbaja and Ngwo which consist of peoples between the wooded lands of Awka to the rocky valleys of Enugu. The Agbaja are made up of communities in present-day Ngwo clan, Udi, Ezeagu, Umulokpa, Igbo-Etiti, Oji River, greater Awgu, Aninri and Enugu East Local Government Areas. Other notable parts of the Waawa clan include Nkanu, Nsukka, Abia, Nike, Agbani, Owo, and other communities in Enugu State. The Waawa are most notably associated with Chief Onyeama's people from Eke, who was the paramount ruler of Agbaja in the early 20th century.
The Osu caste system was a traditional practice in Igboland, characterized by social segregation and restrictions on interaction and marriage with a group of individuals known as Osu. The Osu individuals historically were marginalized by the Igbo deities (Alusi), and as a result, they are often perceived as inferior and segregated from the Nwadiala or diala class.
Nru Nsukka is a suburb located in Nsukka town. Nru Nsukka is one of the former old three autonomous communities: Mkpunanor, Nru and Ihe n'Owerre that made up the Nsukka urban area. Nru Nsukka having been upgraded to a suburban area was split into three newer autonomous communities with newly installed traditional rulers. Since 2018, the suburb is now made up of Iheagu Nru autonomous community with its traditional ruler as Sylvanus Arumah, Ezema ne Edem autonomous community with its traditional ruler as Linus.O. Atugwu and the youngest being Umuoyo Nru autonomous community with Paul Atanike as its traditional ruler elect.
Samuel Maduka Onyishi was born in Nsukka, Enugu State, in November 1963 and is business from Enugu Northern extraction. Owing to the loss of his father in his first year in secondary school, an incidence that forced him to assume the role of pseudo breadwinner to his family consisting of his widowed mother and siblings. Dr. Sam Onyishi, as he is mostly called, attended the Enugu Road Primary School, Nsukka from 1971 to 1976 then was admitted into Bubendorf Grammar School, Adazi, in the present day Anambra State. He contemplated tearing his certificate, since education seemed to mean nothing then given his reality. But an encounter with a kinsman who was 2 years below him in primary school a few years later would make him change his view about education, he returned to school later in life. He got admission to do a Diploma Program at University of Nigeria, Nsukka, between 1993 – 1996 and later, a degree program from 1996 – 1999. He graduated with a Second Class Upper in Social works and Community development. He later got a Masters in Business Administration (MBA) in Entrepreneurship from the Institute for Transformative Thought and Learning in the Doctoral Research Centre of the University of Arizona, Phoenix, in the United States.
The 2023 Enugu State gubernatorial election took place on 18th March 2023, to elect the Governor of Enugu State, with Peter Mbah declared winner alongside his running mate Barrister Ifeanyi Ossai of the Peoples Democratic Party (Nigeria), after they got the plurality of votes and won over 25% of the votes in two-third of the state. Mr Mbah polled 160,895 votes to defeat his closest competitor, the Labour Party (Nigeria) candidate, Chijioke Edeoga, who scored 157,552 votes. The candidate of the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA), Frank Nweke Jr, garnered 17,983 votes to come a distant third, while the candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC), Uche Nnaji, came fourth position, with 14,575 votes. The election was contested in the Tribunal by Chijoike Edeoga but the tribunal eventually upheld the victory of Peter Mbah.
Owo is a town in Nkanu East Local Government Area (LGA) of Enugu state, Nigeria. Owo consists of six main villages: Ashishi, Ohuani, Ishiegu, Ogere, Emene and Ndiagu. Other settlements which were originally part of the main villages are Ejaogbo, Mbulu, Ekeagu, Obegu ishiagu, Obegu Emene, Obegu Ogere, and Obegu Ohuani. These make up Mbulu Owo autonomous community created in the year, 2006. The town is an agrarian community: About 80% of the population are farmers. The population of Owo in 2014 was 9,879. The estimated population of Owo in 2022 is over 14,000 people.
Omabe Festival is a festival in Nigeria. It is celebrated every five years. The festival is a treasure to the people of mba waawa community, NSUKKA region, Ezike in Enugu state.
The Igbo–Igala wars refer to a series of conflicts that took place between the Igbo people and the Igala people of Nigeria during the 18th and 19th centuries. These wars were characterized by intense military engagements, territorial disputes, and clashes over resources and political dominance. The conflicts occurred in the southeastern region of Nigeria, primarily in the areas now known as Anambra, Enugu, Ebonyi, Delta and Kogi states. These wars led to the drastic Battle of Nsukka.
Emeka Mamah (Ideh) is a Nigerian entrepreneur and politician who served as commissioner for environment and mineral resources, Enugu State from 2018 to 2019, and commissioner for chieftaincy and rural development from 2020 to 2023. He also served as special adviser on transport to the governor of Enugu State in 2010. Mamah is the group managing director, Ifesinachi transport limited and a prince of the Ugbaike Kingdom of Igbo-Eze North LGA of Enugu State.
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