Lokoja

Last updated

Lokoja
LGA and city
View of Lokoja city from mountain Patti, Lokoja.jpg
Lokoja
Nickname(s): 
The Pittsburgh of Africa, The Confluence Town
Nigeria location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Lokoja
Coordinates: 07°48′07″N06°44′39″E / 7.80194°N 6.74417°E / 7.80194; 6.74417
CountryFlag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria
State Kogi State
Area
  Total1,230 sq mi (3,180 km2)
Population
 (2020)
  Total692,050 [1]
Time zone UTC+1 (WAT)
Climate Aw
Lokoja

Lokoja is a city in Nigeria. [2] It lies at the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers and is the capital city of Kogi State. [3] While the Yoruba (Oworo), Bassa Nge and Nupe [4] are indigenous to the area, other ethnic groups of Nigeria, including the Kupa-Nupe, Hausa, Ebira, Igala, Igbo, Bini/Edo, and Tiv [4] have recently established themselves. Projected to be the third fastest growing African continent city between 2020 and 2025, with a 5.93% growth. [5] [6] It was listed a second class township by the 1917 township ordinance of the colonial administration. This shows that Lokoja is an old city. [7]

Contents

Etymology

Different ethnic groups lay claim to having named the city.

History

The area that would become Lokoja has been inhabited for hundreds of years by people from different ethnic groups prior to the arrival of Europeans. The migrations of these groups to the area could be in part accounted for by its nearness to the banks of the Niger and Benue rivers. Some of the first groups of people to settle in Lokoja were the Oworo people/Yoruba from Ile-Ife. Nupe groups like the Kupa and Kakandas said to have migrated downstream the Niger from the town of Baro and other parts of present-day Niger State to the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers joined in later. [6] This area eventually became a center of trade. [9]

River Niger at Lokoja River Niger at Lokoja.jpg
River Niger at Lokoja

The Nupe and Zazzau emirs historically appointed the Hausas as political leaders, while the Nupe filled the position of religious leader as chief imam of Lokoja. Lokoja was ruled by the following Maigari of Lokoja (Hamza, Dauda, Musa, Muhammadu Maikarfi). The British then installed a Muslim convert called Bukar (originally named Abigel), who designated his residence at Yaragi Madabo Junction of Lokoja as the new Lokoja palace. In time, the position fell to Alhaji Yahaya Muhammadu Maikarfi, and after his demise, Alhaji Kabiru, his son, succeeded him. The people sustained themselves by engaging in farming and hunting activities at Agbaja hill. Lokoja has an abundance of hills which were popular for hunting. At Mount Patti ("Patti" being the Nupe word for hill), there is a tree where the names of hunters were recorded in Ajami and Latin script. When Dr William Balfour Baikie arrived at Lokoja first in 1854 and later in 1857, he played a role in encouraging the outward movement of the people from their hilly settlements. He did this by influencing Muhammadu Maikarfi, then the Maigari of Lokoja. Muhammudu Maikarfi was then succeeded by Abigel (who converted to Islam and was renamed Bukar), who was widely seen as a stooge of the British. [10]

The Bassa-Nges believe that they settled at the foot of Mount Patti when they came into Lokoja, before later moving again and migrating to settle across the Benue, just to the north of the Igalas. Whatever the case may be, it is difficult to categorically state in what order any or each of these groups came after the Oworos to settle in Lokoja town. These different groups lived in different quarters of the town but were closely related socio-politically. They interacted freely and tolerated one another. Present day Lokoja is ruled by the Maigari (chief) of Lokoja, and his 12 Hakimi (Sub chiefs). It is important to note however, that each group have their own local criteria: for example, the Maigari has no jurisdiction over the Olu of Oworo (whose traditional jurisdiction begins from Felele), but he does have authority over Ganaja, Kwakware, Sarkin Numa, Adankolo, ward A to ward E and other villages of Lokoja urban.

Lokoja town in 1911 Lokoja-1911.jpg
Lokoja town in 1911

The present modern settlement at Lokoja was established in 1857 by the British explorer William Baikie at the site of an earlier model farm constructed during the failed Niger expedition of 1841. Lokoja was the capital of the British Northern Nigeria Protectorate and the chief of Lokoja at that time was Alhaji Muhammadu Maikarfi. Lokoja remained a convenient administrative town for the British colonial government after the amalgamation of Northern and Southern Nigeria in 1914. [11] The first Governor-General, Sir Frederick Lugard, governed the new nation of Nigeria from Lokoja. Other subsequent settlers into the city include the Yoruba (mainstream), the Igala, the Igbira (Igbira Tao and Igbira Koto), and the Bassa-Nge people. However, there are other groups apart from the ones mentioned above but they are classified as temporary visitors and non indigenous. These include the Igbo, Tiv, Edo, etc.

The city's population has since grown to an estimated count of over 90,000 inhabitants. [12] It is a trade center with respect to its agricultural products; this is because it is situated at the confluence of the Niger and Benue rivers, and is close to the federal capital of Nigeria in Abuja. It is also home to Kogi State Polytechnic and the newly established Federal University Lokoja. [13]

Near Lokoja, in Ajaokuta, are metallurgy facilities and iron ore mines.

The Local Government Area

Lokoja is also a Local Government Area of Kogi State with an area of 3,180 km2 and a population of 195,261 at the 2006 census. It is bounded by the Niger in the north and east upstream from the capital until the border with Kwara State, and includes the city of Lokoja. The postal code of the area is 260. [14]

Climate

Climate data for Lokoja
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)38.9
(102.0)
38.9
(102.0)
40.0
(104.0)
38.9
(102.0)
38.3
(100.9)
38.9
(102.0)
37.2
(99.0)
36.7
(98.1)
37.2
(99.0)
37.2
(99.0)
37.2
(99.0)
37.8
(100.0)
40.0
(104.0)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)33.2
(91.8)
35.2
(95.4)
35.5
(95.9)
34.3
(93.7)
32.5
(90.5)
31.2
(88.2)
30.2
(86.4)
29.7
(85.5)
30.1
(86.2)
31.3
(88.3)
33.0
(91.4)
32.9
(91.2)
32.4
(90.3)
Daily mean °C (°F)26.9
(80.4)
28.8
(83.8)
29.9
(85.8)
29.2
(84.6)
28.0
(82.4)
26.8
(80.2)
26.4
(79.5)
25.8
(78.4)
25.9
(78.6)
26.6
(79.9)
26.9
(80.4)
25.8
(78.4)
27.3
(81.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)20.8
(69.4)
23.0
(73.4)
25.0
(77.0)
24.8
(76.6)
23.8
(74.8)
23.1
(73.6)
22.7
(72.9)
22.6
(72.7)
22.5
(72.5)
22.5
(72.5)
21.5
(70.7)
19.9
(67.8)
22.7
(72.9)
Record low °C (°F)6.1
(43.0)
12.8
(55.0)
11.1
(52.0)
16.1
(61.0)
15.0
(59.0)
12.8
(55.0)
17.2
(63.0)
17.2
(63.0)
14.4
(57.9)
15.6
(60.1)
15.0
(59.0)
10.6
(51.1)
6.1
(43.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches)4.6
(0.18)
12.8
(0.50)
43.5
(1.71)
95.0
(3.74)
151.0
(5.94)
158.8
(6.25)
172.6
(6.80)
165.8
(6.53)
208.8
(8.22)
137.7
(5.42)
14.4
(0.57)
2.0
(0.08)
1,167.1
(45.95)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.3 mm)0.81.03.26.09.510.212.712.815.29.51.20.382.4
Average relative humidity (%)63616571768082828382757074
Mean monthly sunshine hours 229.4237.3226.3198.0217.0192.0164.3124.0147.0210.8252.0257.32,455.4
Mean daily sunshine hours 7.48.47.36.67.06.45.34.04.96.88.48.36.7
Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst [15]

Geography

Lokoja vegetation Lokoja vegetation.jpg
Lokoja vegetation
Grasses and trees in Lokoja Rain forests of lokoja.jpg
Grasses and trees in Lokoja

Lokoja lies about 7.8023° North of the equator and 6.7333° E east of the Meridian. It is about 165 km Southwest of Abuja as the crow flies, and 390 km Northeast of Lagos by same measure. Residential districts are of varying density, and the city has various suburbs such as Felele, Adankolo, Otokiti and Ganaja. The town is situated in the tropical Wet and Dry savanna climate zone of Nigeria, and temperatures remain hot year-round.

Religion and culture

Given the multi-ethnic nature of the town, there are various festivals, events and socio-cultural activities depending on the people's group. Thus, no particular group's festivals or their socio-cultural activities can be said to be the most prominent. For instance, the Agbo masquerade festival is celebrated by the Oworo people between the months of March and April every year. Other Okuns also celebrate the Oro / Egungun festival while generally, the fishermen in Lokoja celebrate the Donkwo fishing festival and this also comes up in March/April. It is also worthy to mention that editions of Lokoja boat regatta are held, albeit not regularly. [7]

Egungun masquerade dance garment The Childrens Museum of Indianapolis - Egungun masquerade dance garment.jpg
Egungun masquerade dance garment

Religiously, Islam, Christianity and traditional religion exist in Lokoja. The Muslims go to their mosques for their worship while the Christians do the same in their various churches. Religious festivals include the Muslim Eids and the Christian Christmas and Easter.

Markets

Market place in Lokoja Morning sojourn at the market place.jpg
Market place in Lokoja

Lokoja has three major markets: New Market (International Market), Old Market and Kpata Market. Kpata Market and New Market have their market day every Five Days. The essential products sold in these markets are grains, vegetables and general household items.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kogi State</span> State of Nigeria

Kogi State is a state in the North Central region of Nigeria, bordered to the west by the states of Ekiti and Kwara, to the north by the Federal Capital Territory, to the northeast by Nasarawa State, to the northwest by Niger State, to the southwest by the Edo and Ondo states, to the southeast by the states of Anambra and Enugu, and to the east by Benue State. It is the only state in Nigeria to border ten other states. Named for the Hausa word for river (Kogi). Kogi State was formed from parts of Benue State, Niger State, and Kwara State on 27 August 1991. The state is nicknamed the "Confluence State" due to the fact that the confluence of the River Niger and the River Benue occurs next to its capital, Lokoja.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern Region, Nigeria</span> Former autonomous division within Nigeria

Northern Nigeria was an autonomous division within Nigeria, distinctly different from the southern part of the country, with independent customs, foreign relations and security structures. In 1962, it acquired the territory of the British Northern Cameroons, which voted to become a province within Northern Nigeria.

Idah is a town in Kogi State, Nigeria, on the eastern bank of the Niger River in the middle belt region of Nigeria. It is the headquarter of the Igala Kingdom, and also a Local Government Area with an area of 36 km2. Idah had a population of 79,815 at the 2006 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nupe people</span> Ethnic group in Nigeria

The Nupe are an ethnic group native to North Central Nigeria. They are the dominant ethnic group in Niger State and a minority in Kwara State. The Nupe are also present in Kogi State and The Federal Capital Territory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Igala people</span> Ethnic group in Nigeria

The Igala people are an ethnicity located in the region south of the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers. They are located in an ecologically diverse region of Nigeria, ideal for farming a wide array of crops, and have been influenced by many surrounding cultures. The Igala kingdom is ruled ceremonially and culturally by the Attah and has a long history of political warfare with neighboring groups along the Benue. Igala people worship the supreme being Ojo, as well as their divine ancestral spirits. Masquerades are an important aspect of Igala art and is prime example of how the kingdom was influenced by neighboring communities. Igala art dating centuries back, also feature in Nigerian body decoration and cultural architecture. Igala are a majority ethnic group in the southern and eastern lands of Kogi State and a major tribe in Kogi state politics. In times past, the Igala have held key state government positions. While the present kingdom has diminished in size, Igala people and their culture have been an integral part of the formation of the communities along the Niger river, with many communities claiming origins from Idah, the ancestral home of the Igala. Minorities of the group exist in Edo.

Igala is a Yoruboid language, spoken by the Igala ethnic group of Nigeria. In 1989 an estimated 800,000 spoke Igala, primarily in Kogi State, though current estimates place the number of Igala speakers at upwards of 1.6 million. Dialects include Ibaji, Idah, Dekina, Ogugu, Ankpa, Ebu, and the Olumbanasaa group ; it is believed that these languages share some similarities with the Yoruba and Itsekiri tribe.

Suleja is a city in Niger State, Nigeria, pop. (2016) local government area, 260,240, just north of Abuja, capital of the Suleja Emirate. It is sometimes confused with the nearby city of Abuja, due to its proximity, and the fact that it was originally called Abuja before the Nigerian government adopted the name from the then Emir Sulayman Bal for its new federal capital in 1976.

The Ebira people are an ethnic-linguistic group of central Nigeria. Most Ebira people are from Kogi State, Nasarawa State. Their language is usually classified as a Nupoid variety within the Benue-Congo branch of the Niger-Congo language family. Until the separation of Kogi State from Kwara State, Okene was seen as the administrative center of the Ebira-speaking people in Kogi state, located not far from the Niger-Benue confluence. Since the formation of the state, the Ebira Ta'o people are predominantly found in five local governments in Kogi state, namely Adavi, Ajaokuta, Okehi, and Okene. They are also found in large numbers located in the Federal Capital Territory, and Nasarawa in Toto LGA. Also, the Eganyi are found in Ajaokuta LGA. And the Etuno can be found in Igarra town of Amagongo, Okehi and Okene each with their administrative headquarters. Ebira Koto is found in Kogi and Koton Karfe LGA, Bassa LGA, Lokoja in Kogi and Abaji LGA in the Federal Capital Territory Akoko-Edo LGA, Edo state.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Languages of Nigeria</span> Languages of the country and its peoples

There are over 525 native languages spoken in Nigeria. The official language and most widely spoken lingua franca is English, which was the language of Colonial Nigeria. Nigerian Pidgin – an English-based creole – is spoken by 30 million people in Nigeria.

Nupe is a Volta–Niger language of the Nupoid branch primarily spoken by the Nupe people of the North Central region of Nigeria. Its geographical distribution stretches and maintains pre-eminence in Niger State as well as Kwara, Kogi, Nasarawa and the Federal Capital Territory.

Bassa is a Local Government Area in Kogi State, Nigeria. Its northern border is the Benue River and its western border is the Niger River. Its headquarters are in the town of Oguma.

The Basa language, disambiguated as Basa-Benue, and also called Abacha, Abatsa, ru-Basa, Rubassa, is a Kainji language spoken in central Nigeria, in the vicinity of Bassa, Ankpa, Nasarawa, Gurara, Kwali and Makurdi. Blench (2008) notes that Basa-Makurdi, Basa-Gurara and Basa-Kwali are separate varieties from Basa-Kwomu or Basa-Komo of Bassa, Ankpa and Nasarawa Local Government Areas and other Bassa speakers are Bassa Nge (also known as Bassa Nupe.

Loko is a town in Nasarawa local government area of Nasarawa State in the middle belt region or North central zone of Nigeria.It is found along the River Benue bank. The town is a mini-port, along the river benue, for the conveyance of export materials, to the eastern and western parts of Nigeria.

The history of Northern Nigeria covers the history of the region form pre-historic times to the modern period of Northern Nigerian state.

Oworo (Aworo) is a dialect of Yoruba spoken mainly in Oworo District of Lokoja LGA, Kogi State Nigeria. It is close to the Abinu (Bunu), Ikiri, Owe, Yagba and Ijumu dialects which are together known as Okun. The Okun dialects are mutually intelligible.

The Ọwọrọ ethnic nationality represents a group of people around the Niger-Benue confluence speaking a Yoruba dialect called Oworo. They are generally classified as part of Northeast Yoruba (NEY) of the Yoruba people.

The Okun people are a Yoruba speaking people found majorly in Kogi, but with settlements in Kwara, Ekiti, and Ondo states of Nigeria. Their dialects are generally classified in the Northeast Yoruba language (NEY) grouping. They are collectively called "Okun", which in Okun dialects could mean "Sorry", "Well-done", or as an all-encompassing greeting. Similarly, this form of greeting is also found among the Ekiti and Igbomina groups of Yoruba people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Patti</span>

The Mount Patti Hill is a 1503 foot-tall mountain and tourist attraction in Lokoja, Nigeria. It is famous for being the place where British journalist and writer Flora Louise Shaw gave Nigeria its name.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bassa Nge people</span> Ethnic group in Nigeria

The Bassa Nge are an ethnic group in Nigeria that traces its history back to 1805. They originally inhabited Gbara which was formerly the capital of the Nupe Kingdom. The Bassa Nge migrated from their homeland in Bida due to a dynastic feud in about 1820. They are formerly the largest of Nupe groups, with a population of about 15,000 in 1820 before they dispersed throughout Nigeria.

On January 3, 2020, suspected Fulani militants attacked the town of Tawari, Kogi State, Nigeria, killing twenty-nine people.

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