Warri | |
---|---|
City | |
Nickname(s): Waffi, Waff, Waff Town | |
Coordinates: 5°31′N5°45′E / 5.517°N 5.750°E | |
Country | Nigeria |
State | Delta State |
Local Government Area | Warri South LGA |
Government | |
• Executive Governor | Sheriff Oborevwori |
Population (2016) [1] | |
• Urban | 363,382 |
• Urban density | 31,371.8/sq mi (12,112.73/km2) |
• Metro | 1,043,122 |
• Metro density | 13,508.4/sq mi (5,215.61/km2) |
Demographics | |
• Ethnicities | Itsekiri, Urhobo, Ijaw |
• Languages | Pidgin English, Itsekiri, Urhobo, and Ijaw |
• Religions | 95% Christianity, 3% African Traditions, 2% Islam |
GDP (PPP, 2015 int. Dollar) | |
• Year | 2023 |
• Total | $10.9 billion [2] |
• Per capita | $11,100 |
The city of Warri is an oil hub within South-South Nigeria and houses an annex of the Delta State Government House. Warri City is one of the major hubs of the petroleum industry in Nigeria. Warri, Udu, Okpe and Uvwie are the commercial capital of Delta State with a population of over 311,970 people in 2006. [3] The city is the indigenous territory of Itsekiri, Urhobo and Ijaw people.
Warri shares boundaries with Uvwie to the east, Udu to the south east, Ogbe-ijoh to the south, and other communities in Warri South LGA to the west. [4] Due to its rapid population growth and linked roads, the city and its border towns, e.g. Uvwie, Udu merged into a conurbation collectively referred as "Warri".
Warri sits on the bank of Warri River which joined Forcados River and Escravos River through Jones Creek in the lower Niger Delta Region. The city has a modern seaport, which serves as the cargo transit point between the Niger River and the Atlantic Ocean for import and export.
Warri served as the capital of the colonial Warri Province during the early 1900s when this part of Delta State was under the Colony and Protectorate of Southern Nigeria. [5] [6]
The name 'WARRI' was first associated with the Itsekiri ancestral capital town of Ode Itsekiri which the locals also refer to as 'Iwerre'. A mispronunciation of Iwerre by several European explorers probably resulted in various names like AWERRI, OUWERI, WARRE, WARREE, etc. The British eventually anglancised it as WARRI. [7]
British colonialism effectively took off in the Western Niger Delta with the proclamation of the Oil Coast Protectorate by Great Britain in June 1885. British colonial administration was carried out through local chiefs like Nana Olomu of Ebrohimi in Benin River. This administration was effectively restricted to Benin River and its environs as the British were content with conducting trade with the people of the hinterlands through the Itsekiri as middlemen. [8]
The British decided to move the seat of the administration of the Niger Coast Protectorate from the capital Ode-Itsekiri (Warri or Iwerre) to the uplands to have effective control of the hinterlands. In order to achieve this, the British in 1906 took a lease of a new trading station opened in 1898 on virgin lands for Alexander Miller Brothers Limited of Liverpool at the mouth of the Okere Creeks. This new trading station was also named WARRI after the capital Ode-Itsekiri so the Itsekiris dubbed Ode-Itsekiri BIG WARRI in order to differentiate Ode-Itsekiri from the new trading station. [9]
Its inhabitants are predominantly Christians of different denominations, and some practice a mixture of African traditional religions like most of Southern Nigeria. The city is known nationwide for its unique Pidgin, mostly among the less educated or uneducated. [10]
The area is characterised by a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) with a mean annual temperature of 26.7 °C (80.1 °F) and an annual rainfall amount of 2,770 mm (109 in). High temperatures are typically between 28 and 32 °C (82.4 and 89.6 °F). The climate is monsoonal and marked by two distinct seasons: the dry season and the rainy season. The dry season lasts from about November to April and is significantly marked by the cool "harmattan" dusty haze from the north-east trade winds. The rainy season spans May to October with a brief drier spell in August, but it frequently rains even in the dry season. The surrounding region is predominantly rainforest, tending to swamplands in some areas. The vegetation is rich in timber trees, palm trees, as well as fruit trees.
Climate data for Warri (1991–2020) | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 37 (99) | 38.5 (101.3) | 37.5 (99.5) | 37.6 (99.7) | 36.2 (97.2) | 35.1 (95.2) | 34.4 (93.9) | 33.7 (92.7) | 34 (93) | 36.4 (97.5) | 36.5 (97.7) | 36.8 (98.2) | 38.5 (101.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 33.3 (91.9) | 34.2 (93.6) | 34.1 (93.4) | 33.4 (92.1) | 32.7 (90.9) | 30.9 (87.6) | 29.2 (84.6) | 29.0 (84.2) | 29.9 (85.8) | 31.3 (88.3) | 32.9 (91.2) | 33.4 (92.1) | 32.0 (89.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 28.2 (82.8) | 29.4 (84.9) | 29.5 (85.1) | 29.0 (84.2) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.3 (81.1) | 26.3 (79.3) | 26.2 (79.2) | 26.6 (79.9) | 27.5 (81.5) | 28.5 (83.3) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.9 (82.2) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 23.1 (73.6) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.9 (76.8) | 24.6 (76.3) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.6 (74.5) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.3 (73.9) | 23.4 (74.1) | 23.6 (74.5) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.5 (74.3) | 23.9 (75.0) |
Record low °C (°F) | 15 (59) | 16 (61) | 19 (66) | 19 (66) | 19 (66) | 18 (64) | 20.6 (69.1) | 20 (68) | 19.4 (66.9) | 19 (66) | 19 (66) | 17 (63) | 15.0 (59.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 27.2 (1.07) | 59.9 (2.36) | 133.5 (5.26) | 214.3 (8.44) | 275.5 (10.85) | 343.2 (13.51) | 491.4 (19.35) | 330.7 (13.02) | 432.0 (17.01) | 366.8 (14.44) | 120.9 (4.76) | 28.2 (1.11) | 2,823.5 (111.16) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.2 | 3.7 | 8.9 | 12.0 | 15.5 | 18.4 | 21.4 | 18.2 | 21.1 | 19.2 | 8.9 | 2.7 | 152.1 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 80.3 | 83.5 | 87.5 | 89.5 | 90.9 | 91.4 | 90.7 | 89.6 | 91.2 | 91.4 | 88.7 | 82.4 | 88.1 |
Source: NOAA [11] |
There is the Warri Refinery and Petrochemicals located at Ekpan, Uwvie and Ubeji, Warri proportionately [12] with the majority of international and local oil companies operating in Nigeria having their operational offices close by. One of the nation's major seaports is sited within Ugbuwangue, Warri.
Due to conflict in the late 90s, especially in 1999, most oil companies fled the town and nearby regions.[ citation needed ] [13]
Warri is garrisoned by the Amphibious Infantry battalion (Effurun Army Base) located in the Effurun area. [14]
The Nigerian Navy operates from its facilities in Warri.
The 61 Nigerian Air force Detachment also operates from its facilities in Jeddo, close to Warri.
Warri has an international stadium with a capacity of 30,000 which is the home of Warri Wolves football club, [15] [16] which has hosted two editions of the African Women Football Championship in 2002 and 2006 respectively and was in contention as one of the venues to be used for the FIFA Under-17 World Cup in Nigeria in 2009. The stadium was used to host the African Youth Athletics Championship (AYAC) in 2013.
Warri Wolves, a professional football team based in Warri plays in the Nigeria National League. [17] Their prominent former players include Best Ogedegbe, Wilson Oruma, Efe Ambrose, Victor Ikpeba and Ekigho Ehiosun.
The economic base of the city lies in the presence of a refinery and other oil and gas companies. Also, there is the steel company, Delta Steel Company, [18] which is located in Ovwian–Aladja area of Udu. [19] The Beta Glass Plant is located nearby, outside the town of Ughelli, where the land is rich in silica and silicates, raw materials required for the manufacture of glass, ceramics and cement. The Transcorp Power Distribution, one of Nigeria's power generating stations, is also located at Ughelli, which is just 15 minutes away by car.
In 1991, construction started on a standard gauge railway from the steel mills at Ajaokuta to the port of Warri, about 275 km away. By 2006, the standard gauge lines had reached 329 km in length, the final 27 km Warri section has been completed. In 2010, work recommenced to complete the final section to Warri. The rail line was officially inaugurated in September 2020 with the terminal at Udu.
Major road networks within Warri Metropolis has been improved upon by the state government to improve the image of the city. Transportation within the city is mainly by bus and tricycle. The federal government has completed the Warri-Benin Road road expansion project and major parts of the East-West Road Project which will connect Warri-Uyo.
There are several helipads in oil company yards, like Shell yard Ogunu and in Escavos and Focados. There is a general passenger airport at the Osubi area.
Movement of goods by sea is through the Nigerian Ports Authority (Delta Ports) at which is mainly for export and import of goods by major companies. Also located on the main Warri riverside are markets and jetties used by local traders, which act as a transit point for local transport and trade. There are local boats that are used for moving from one location to another.
Primary schools in Warri include:
Secondary schools include:
There are various tourist sites to visit while in Warri: [20]
The Benin Expedition of 1897 was a punitive expedition by a British force of 1,200 men under Sir Harry Rawson. It came in response to the ambush and slaughter of a 250 strong party led by British Acting Consul General James Phillips of the Niger Coast Protectorate. Rawson's troops captured Benin City and the Kingdom of Benin was eventually absorbed into colonial Nigeria. The expedition freed about 100 Africans enslaved by the Oba.
The Ijaw people, also spelled Ịjọ, are an ethnic group found in the Niger Delta region in Nigeria, with primary population clusters in Bayelsa, Delta, and Rivers. They are also have significant population clusters in Edo, Ondo and small parts of Akwa Ibom occupying six Nigerian states. Many are found as migrant fishermen in camps and settlements in Benue, and Kogi states and as far west as Sierra Leone, Ghana and as far east as Gabon. As of 2023, Nigeria's Ijaw population is estimated at over 15 million, accounting for around 6.9% of the country's 223 million people, positioning them as the fourth largest ethnic group in Nigeria. The Ijaws are the most populous tribe inhabiting the Niger Delta region, and one of the world's most ancient peoples.
Delta State is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Named after the Niger Delta—a large part of which is in the state—the state was formed from the former Bendel State, on 27 August 1991. Bordered on the north by Edo State, the east by Anambra and Rivers states, and that south by Bayelsa State while to the west is the Bight of Benin which covers about 160 kilometres of the state's coastline. The state was initially created with 12 local government areas in 1991, but was later expanded to 19 and now has 25 local government areas. Its capital city is Asaba which is located along the River Niger on the northeastern end of the state, while the state's economic center is the city of Warri on the southwestern coastline.
The Itsekiri are an ethnic group who mainly inhabit Nigeria's Niger Delta area. They speak a Yoruboid language and can be found in Ondo, Edo and Delta State. The Itsekiris presently transcends a population of over 1 million people and live mainly in parts of Ondo, Edo and majorly in the Warri South, Warri North and Warri South West local government districts of Delta State on the Atlantic coast of Nigeria.
Udu is a Local Government Area in Delta State, Nigeria with its local government headquarters at Otor-Udu. It has a population estimate of approximately 250,000 people. It is one of the Urhobo kingdoms, has its own king, or ovie. The town is about 10 minutes drive from Osubi Airport
UVWIE
Effurun is a town and the headquarters of Uvwie Local Government Area in Delta State, Nigeria. It is an Urban center, densely populated with different infrastructural development. it borders its twin city Warri, also serves as an entrance to Warri.
Koko is the major town in and the headquarters of Warri North Local Government Area of Delta State, South South Nigeria. It is one of the major towns in the Niger Delta region.
The Warri Crisis was a series of conflicts in Delta State, Nigeria between 1997 and 2003 between the Itsekiri, the Ijaw ethnic groups. Over 200,000 people were displaced by the Warri conflict between 1999 and 2006. Over 700,000 people were displaced during this period by violence in Delta State overall.
The Itsekiri language is a major branch of the Yoruboid group of languages, which as a group, is a key member of the Volta–Niger sub-family of the Niger–Congo family of African languages. Itsekiri is spoken by nearly 1,000,000 people in Nigeria as a first language and by many others as an additional language notably in the Niger Delta and in parts of Edo and Ondo states of Nigeria. The other key members of the Yoruboid group are Yoruba and Igala along with the various Yoruba dialects spoken in Benin and Togo.
The Urhobos are people located in southern Nigeria, near the northwestern Niger Delta. They are the major ethnic groups in Delta State. The people in this ethnic group speak the Urhobo language. Their population is approximately 7 million.
The Kingdom of Warri, Warri Kingdom or Iwere Kingdom, was established in 1480, was part of the Nigerian traditional states its ancestral capital is based in Ode-Itsekiri, Warri South LGA, Delta State, Nigeria with a palace erected in 1950s in the heart of the city of Warri, Warri South LGA, Delta State, Nigeria.
Hussey College Warri is a secondary school located along Upper Erejuwa Road in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria. It is one of the oldest and most prestigious colleges in Delta State and Nigeria, having produced many notable figures in the Nigerian professional and political scenery. The school has literally raised several generations of Nigerians from all tribes and backgrounds and schooled them in the best tradition of scholarship, athleticism, citizenship and morality. The 60th anniversary celebration of the foundation of Hussey College, Warri was organised by the Old Students Association in 2007.
The Midwest Invasion of 1967 or Midwest Offensive, codenamed Operation Torch, was a military operation between Nigerian and Biafran military forces during the Nigerian Civil War. The invasion began on August 9 when 3,000 Biafran soldiers led by General Victor Banjo crossed the River Niger Bridge into Asaba. Upon reaching Agbor, the Biafrans split up. With the 12th Battalion moving west capturing Benin City and Ore, the 18th Battalion swung south, taking Warri, Sapele and Ughelli, while the 13th Battalion headed north for Auchi, Agenebode and Okene. Simultaneously, a plot to capture Mid-Western Governor David Ejoor at his home in Benin failed. Nevertheless, the Biafrans, meeting virtually no resistance, had seized the entire Mid-Western Region in less than 12 hours.
According to the language family tree classification by Ethnologue, Okpe, Urhobo and Uvwie, alongside Eruwa and Isoko, make up the five Southwestern Edoid languages of the Benue-Congo group. Quoting Johnstone (1993), Ethnologue puts the population of Urhobo people at 546,000, Okpe 25,400 (2000) and Uvwie 19,800 (2000). These three languages have geographically neighbouring languages: Izon and Itsekiri to the west and south, Ukwuani and Isoko to the east and Edo to the north. Thus, Isoko and Urhobo are similar languages that belong to the same linguistic family.
The Niger Delta Greenland Justice Mandate (NDGJM) is a militant group operating in Nigeria's Niger Delta region. The group was founded on August 2, 2016 in Delta State and is composed mainly of ethnic Urhobos, and a fairly large number of members belonging to the Isoko ethnic group.
The South South is one of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. It designates both a geographic and political region of the country's eastern coast. It comprises six states – Akwa Ibom, Bayelsa, Cross River, Delta, Edo, and Rivers.
Ubeji Community is an Itsekiri community located in the Warri South Local Government Area of Delta State, Nigeria. Ubeji community is near the Warri Refinery and Petrochemical Company in Warri, Warri South and as such, suffers huge environmental pollution. It is home to a large number of Itsekiris, it is a Suburb of the City of Warri It shares boundaries with Ifie Community, Aja-Etan Community, Ijala-Ikenren Community, Ekpan Community, etc.
The 2023 Nigerian presidential election in Delta State will be held on 25 February 2023 as part of the nationwide 2023 Nigerian presidential election to elect the president and vice president of Nigeria. Other federal elections, including elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate, will also be held on the same date while state elections will be held two weeks afterward on 11 March.
Warri State is a proposed state intended to be formed for the Itsekiri people, who inhabit the regions of Warri South, Warri South West, Warri North, and itsekiri parts of Edo State in Nigeria. The movement for the creation of Warri State stems from concerns regarding the marginalization of the Itsekiri people by the Delta State Government and the pursuit of lasting peace in the Niger Delta region. The Itsekiri people demand that the proposed state be geographically located in the South West region of Nigeria, citing their shared common ancestry with the Yoruba and their shared borders with the Yoruba people of Ondo State.
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