Urhobo | |
---|---|
Native to | Nigeria |
Region | Delta State, Edo State |
Ethnicity | Urhobo |
Native speakers | 7.1 million (2020) [1] |
Niger–Congo?
| |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | urh |
Glottolog | urho1239 |
Urhobo is a South-Western Edoid language [2] spoken by the Urhobo people of southern Nigeria. [3] It is from the Delta and Bayelsa States. [4] [ failed verification ]
Urhobo has a rather reduced system of sound inventory compared to proto-Edoid. The inventory of Urhobo consists of seven vowels; which form two harmonic sets, [5] /ieɛaoɔu/ and /ĩẽɛ̃ãɔ̃õũ/. [6]
It has a conservative consonant inventory for an Edoid language. It maintains three nasals, and only five oral consonants, /ɾ,l,β̞,j,w/, have nasal allophones before nasal vowels. [5]
Labial | Labiodental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labio-velar | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | ( n ) | ɲ | ŋ͡m | |||
Plosive | p b | t d | d͡ʒ | kʲ ɡʲ | k ɡ | k͡p ɡ͡b | |
Fricative | ɸ | f v | s | ʃ | ( ç ʝ ) | x ɣ | |
Trill | r̥ r | ||||||
Flap | ( ɾ̥ ɾ) | ||||||
Lateral | l ~ n | ||||||
Approximant | β̞ [ β̞̃ ] | ( ɹ̥ ɹ ) [ ɹ̃ ] | j [ j̃ ] | ( ɰ ɰ̥ ) | w [ w̃ ] |
According to Anthony Ukere, Urhobo has two tones, a high tone and a low tone. These can also combine to form rising and falling tones. [7]
Urhobo has the subject–verb–object word order (SVO) constituent order type as illustrated with the example below:
Òtítí
Otiti
ò
3SG
chó
steal.PST
ọhọ
hen
ná
DET
‘Otiti stole the hen.’