Tula language

Last updated
Tula
Native tonortheastern Nigeria
Region Kaltungo LGA, Gombe State
Native speakers
30,000 (1998) [1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3 tul
Glottolog tula1252 [2]

Tula (also Kotule or Kitule [3] ) is one of the Savanna languages of Gombe State, northeastern Nigeria.

Dialects

Kleinewillinghöfer (2014) lists 3 Tula dialects. [4]

Related Research Articles

The Adamawa languages are a putative family of 80–90 languages scattered across the Adamawa Plateau in central Africa, in Nigeria, Cameroon, Central African Republic, and Chad, spoken altogether by only one and a half million people. Joseph Greenberg classified them as one branch of the Adamawa–Ubangi family of Niger–Congo languages. They are among the least studied languages in Africa, and include many endangered languages; by far the largest is Mumuye, with 400,000 speakers. A couple of unclassified languages—notably Laal and Jalaa—are found along the fringes of the Adamawa area.

The Savannas languages, also known as Gur–Adamawa (Adamawa–Gur), is a branch of the Niger–Congo languages that includes Greenberg's Gur and Adamawa–Ubangui families.

The Bambukica.k.a.Trans-Benue or Yungur–Jen languages form a proposed branch of the provisional Savanna languages, a reduced form of the Waja–Jen branch of the old Adamawa languages family. They are spoken in eastern Nigeria. Their unity is not accepted by Güldemann (2018).

Longuda (Nʋngʋra) is a Niger–Congo language of Nigeria. Joseph Greenberg counted it as a distinct branch, G10, of his Adamawa family. Boyd (1989) assigned it a branch within Waja–Jen. When Blench (2008) broke up Adamawa, Longuda was made a branch of the Bambukic languages.

The Tula–Waja, or Tula–Wiyaa languages are a branch of the provisional Savanna languages, closest to Kam (Nyingwom), spoken in northeastern Nigeria. They are spoken primarily in southeastern Gombe State and other neighbouring states.

The Duru languages are a group of Savanna languages spoken in northern Cameroon and eastern Nigeria. They were labeled "G4" in Joseph Greenberg's Adamawa language-family proposal.

The Nyingwom or Kam language is one of the Savanna languages spoken in eastern Nigeria. Blench (2019) lists speakers residing in the main villages of Mayo Kam and Kamijim in Bali LGA, Taraba State. Lesage reports that Kam is spoken in 27 villages of Bali LGA.

Fali comprises two languages spoken in northern Cameroon. Included in Greenberg's Adamawa languages, it was excluded from that family by Boyd (1989). Roger Blench suspects it may represent one of the earlier lineages to have branched off the Atlantic–Congo stock.

Kwah (Kwa), also known as Baa (Bàː), is a Niger–Congo language of uncertain affiliation; the more it has been studied, the more divergent it appears. Joseph Greenberg counted it as one of the Waja–Jen languages of the Adamawa family. Boyd (1989) assigned it its own branch within Waja–Jen. Kleinewillinghöfer (1996) removed it from Waja–Jen as an independent branch of Adamawa. When Blench (2008) broke up Adamawa, Kwah became a provisional independent branch of his larger Savannas family.

Waja, also known as Nyan Wiyau, Wiyaa, or Wuya, is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria. Dialectical differences between Deruwo and Waja proper are slight.

Dadiya is one of the Savanna languages of northeastern Nigeria.

Tso is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria.

Dikaka or Cham is one of the Savanna languages of eastern Nigeria. It is also known as Dijim–Bwilim, after its two dialects, Dijim and Bwilim. A tonal language, it has a whistled register.

Kamo is one of the Savanna languages of Gombe State, eastern Nigeria. Their original settlement was on Kamo Hill, but it was abandoned as the speakers gradually moved down into the plains during the 20th century.

Doyayo is a language of the Duru branch of Adamawa languages spoken in Cameroon.

Yebu is one of the Savanna languages of Kaltungo LGA in Gombe State, northeastern Nigeria.

Bangwinji (Bangjinge) is one of the Savanna languages of Gombe State, eastern Nigeria. Their ethnonym is Báŋjìŋèb.

Duli is an extinct Adamawa language of northern Cameroon.

The Bena–Mboi (Ɓəna–Mboi) a.k.a.Yungur languages form a branch of the Adamawa family. They are spoken in central Adamawa State, eastern Nigeria, just to the east of Lafia LGA.

The Bikwin–Jen languages form a branch of the Adamawa family. They are spoken in Taraba State to the north of Jalingo LGA, and in other nearby states of eastern Nigeria.

References

  1. ↑ Tula at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2017). "Tula". Glottolog 3.0 . Jena, Germany: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. 1 2 Blench, Roger. 2020. The phonology and noun morphology of Yi Kɪtʊlɛ: an Adamawa language of East-Central Nigeria.
  4. ↑ Kleinewillinghöfer, Ulrich. 2014. The languages of the Tula – Waja Group. Adamawa Languages Project.


This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.