Notes
- ↑ Bura at Ethnologue (26th ed., 2023)
- ↑ Blench, Roger (2009). Bura phonology and some suggestions concerning the orthography.
- ↑ "Roger Blench: Bura opening page". www.rogerblench.info. Retrieved 2022-08-14.
| Bura | |
|---|---|
| Mya Bura or Bura-Pabir | |
| Native to | Nigeria |
| Region | Borno State, Adamawa State, Yobe State, Gombe State |
Native speakers | 510,000 (2020) [1] |
Afro-Asiatic
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | bwr |
| Glottolog | bura1292 |
| Linguasphere | (-da -db -dc) 18-GBB-d (-da -db -dc) |
Bura (also known as Burah, Burra, Bourrah, Bura-Pabir, Babir, Babur, Barburr, Mya Bura, Kwojeffa, Huve, Huviya) is a Chadic language spoken in North-eastern Nigeria by the Bura-Pabir people. Dialects include Pela, Bura Pela, Hill Bura, Hyil Hawul, Bura Hyilhawul, and Plain Bura. The language is closely related to Kilba, Chibok, Margi and a few other north-eastern Nigerian Languages.[ citation needed ]
| Labial | Alveolar | Post-alv./ Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lateral | ||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | ʔ | ||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ||||
| prenasal vl. | ᵐp | ⁿt | ᵑk | ||||
| prenasal vd. | ᵐb | ⁿd | ᵑɡ | ||||
| implosive/ejc. | ɓ | ɗ | kʼ | ||||
| Affricate | voiceless | t͡s | t͡ʃ | ||||
| voiced | d͡z | d͡ʒ | |||||
| prenasal vl. | ⁿt͡s | ⁿt͡ʃ | |||||
| prenasal vd. | ⁿd͡z | ⁿd͡ʒ | |||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ɬ | ʃ | x | h |
| voiced | v | z | ɮ | ʒ | ɣ | ||
| prenasal vl. | ᶬf | ⁿs | ⁿɬ | ⁿʃ | ᵑx | ||
| prenasal vd. | ᶬv | ⁿz | ⁿɮ | ⁿʒ | ᵑɣ | ||
| Approximant | w | l | j | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
Consonant clusters also occur among plosives/affricates, nasals, and fricatives. [2]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ə | o |
| Open | a |
In the 2010 Bura-English Dictionary [3] Roger Blench proposed an orthography similar to that of Hausa includes the Latin alphabet with the addition of the letters ɓ, ɗ, ə, and ƙ. In addition, the following digraphs are used:
| IPA | Orthography |
|---|---|
| [ɬ] | tl |
| [ɮ] | dl |
| [ɣ] | gh |
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The Biu–Mandara or Central Chadic languages of the Afro-Asiatic family are spoken in Nigeria, Chad and Cameroon.
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Ron is an Afro-Asiatic language cluster spoken in Plateau State, Nigeria. Dialects include Bokkos, Daffo-Mbar-Butura, Monguna/Manguna (Shagau),. Blench (2006) considers these to be separate languages.
Bura Sign Language is a village sign language used by the Bura people around the village of Kukurpu, 40 km south-east of Biu, Nigeria, an area with a high degree of congenital deafness. What little is known about it is due to a brief visit and a videotape by Robert Blench in 2003. It is "likely ... quite independent" from other, better-known sign languages such as Nigerian Sign Language, since none of the signers have been to school and the area where it is used is rather remote.
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Jju is the native language of the Bajju people of Kaduna State in central Nigeria. As of 1988, there were approximately 300,000 speakers. Jju is one of the Southern Kaduna languages. Although usually listed separately from the Tyap cluster, Jju's separation, according to Blench R.M. (2018), seems to be increasingly ethnic rather than a linguistic reality.
Idun (Idũ), or Dũya, is a poorly attested Plateau language of Nigeria. Its classification is uncertain, but it may be closest to Ashe.
Kuteb also known as Ati, Kutev, Mbarike is a Nigerian ethnic language. The Kuteb people mostly live in the southern part of Taraba state in Nigeria, with a thousand-or-so speakers across the border in Cameroon. In Nigeria, it is spoken mostly in Takum and Ussa LGAs, and Yangtu SDA Taraba State.
The Jagham language, Ejagham, also known as Ekoi, is an Ekoid language of Nigeria and Cameroon spoken by the Ekoi people. The E- in Ejagham represents the class prefix for "language", analogous to the Bantu ki- in KiSwahili
Ekpeye language is one of many languages spoken in Rivers State, Nigeria. According to Roger Blench, Ekpeye is classified as an Igboid language. Although an Igboid language, Ekpeye has evolved to a very distinct Igboid language that is phonologically different from other Igboid languages. The Ogba and Ikwerre languages are closely related to Ekpeye. Ekpeye has many mutually intelligible dialects.
Fungwa, or Ura is a Kainji language in Pandogari, Niger State, Nigeria. The same word is also used for the people; Roger Blench estimated their numbers at no more than 1,000. Farming is the main occupation of the Fungwa while pottery is also an occupation practised by the women. The Fungwa live in the five villages of Gulbe, Gabi Tukurbe, Urenciki, Renga (Ringa) and Utana along the Pandogari–Allawa road in Rafi, Nigeria.
Bura and Pabir people also known as Bura-Pabir as we call ourselves or Babur as called in Hausa language are part of the ethnic groups in Nigeria. They are located in Biu, Hawul, Kwaya Kusar, Shani and Bayo of Borno State and also in Garkida, Gombi local government and in Barata, Shelleng LGA of Adamawa State. Bura-Pabir People are as well found in Bularafa in Gulani LGA and Maza in Gujba LGA of Yobe State as well as on the fringes of Gombe State in Yamaltu Deba LGA.
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