Edo State

Last updated

Edo
State
Unibenmaingate.jpg
Edo State Flag.png
Flag
Seal of Edo State.png
Seal
Nicknames: 
HeartBeat Of The Nation
Nigeria - Edo.svg
Location of Edo State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 6°30′N6°00′E / 6.500°N 6.000°E / 6.500; 6.000
CountryNigeria
Date created 27 August 1991
Capital and Largest city Benin City
Government
 • BodyGovernment of Edo State
 •  Governor
(List)		 Godwin Obaseki (PDP)
 • Deputy Governor Philip Shaibu (APC)
 • Legislature Edo State House of Assembly
 •  Senators C: [[]] (APC)
N: Adams Oshiomhole (APC)
S: Neda Imasuen (LP)
 •  Representatives List
Area
 • Total19,559 km2 (7,552 sq mi)
 • Rank 22nd of 36
Population
 (2022)
 • Total4,777,000
 • Estimate 
(2022)
4,777,000 [1]
 • Rank 10th of 36
 • Density244/km2 (630/sq mi)
Demonym Edos
GDP (PPP)
 • Year2021
 • Total$30.81 billion [2]
15th of 36
 • Per capita$5,325 [2]
10th of 36
Time zone UTC+01 (WAT)
postal code
300001
Dialing Code+234
ISO 3166 code NG-ED
HDI (2022)0.633 [3]
medium · 8th of 37
Website edostate.gov.ng

Edo, officially known as Edo State, is a state in the South-South geopolitical zone of the federal republic of Nigeria. As of 2022, the state was ranked as the 22nd most populous state (4,777,000) in Nigeria. The estimated state population is around 4,777,000 in 2022. [4] [5] Edo State is the 22nd largest State by landmass in Nigeria. [6] The state's capital and largest city, Benin City, is the fourth largest city in Nigeria, and the centre of the country's rubber industry. [7] [8] Created in 1991 from the former Bendel State, it is also known as the heart beat of the nation. [9] Edo State borders Kogi State to the north for 133 km and across the Niger River for 81 km to the northeast, Anambra State to the east for about four km across the Niger River, Delta State to the southeast and south for 350 km (218 miles), and Ondo State to the west. [10]

Contents

The modern borders of Edo State [11] encompasses regions that were formerly the site of various empires and kingdoms of the second dynasty formed in the 11th century AD, the Benin Empire. [12] The ancient city of Edo, the site of modern-day Benin City, [11] was home to some of the largest earthworks in the world. [13] In 1897, the British Empire conducted a punitive expedition of the region, destroying most of the ancient city of Edo and incorporating the territory into what would become the Southern Nigeria Protectorate. [14] [15]

Edo State is a diverse state that is predominantly inhabited by the Edoid people, including the Edo (or Bini), [16] Esan, Ora, Akoko-Edo, Owan and Afemai people among others. [17] The most common Edoid language spoken is the Edo language, which is commonly spoken in Benin City. [18] Christianity is the dominant religion in Edo State. [11] It was first introduced to the region by Portuguese missionaries during the 15th century. Islam and traditional religions are also practised. [19]

History

The Mid-Western Region was a division of Nigeria from 1963 to 1991, formally known as Bendel state from 1976. [20] It was formed in June 1963 from Benin and Delta provinces of the Western Region, and its capital was Benin City. [21] It was renamed a province in 1966, and in 1967 when the other provinces were split up into several states, it remained territorially intact, becoming a state. [22]

During the Nigerian Civil War, the Biafran forces invaded the new Mid-Western state, en route to Lagos, in an attempt to force a quick end to the war. While under Biafran occupation, the state was declared as the "Republic of Benin" as Nigerian forces were to retake the region. [23] The republic collapsed a day after the declaration as Nigerian troops overtook Benin City. Edo State was established on 27 August 1991 when Bendel State was split into Edo and Delta States. [24] [25] The Edo people political organization is expressed in a three-tier age group system that cuts across kin groups and make age, rather than line-age affiliation, with criterion of authority. [20] Benin city itself is organized on the basis of age-grades similar to those of the villages as well as on the basis of wards and chiefs, both hereditary and non-hereditary, serving the Oba in specialised functions. The Oba is the focal point of the Benin political system and institution is based squarely on that of divine kingship. [26]

Geography

Climate

Edo state has a Tropical wet and dry or savanna climate with yearly temperature of 28.78 °C (83.8 °F) and it is -0.68% lower than Nigeria's averages. Edo typically receives about 183.49 millimeters (7.22 inches) of precipitation and has 265.91 rainy days (72.85% of the time) annually and at an elevation of 239.16 meters (784.65 feet) above sea level. [27]

People

Burial in Edo State Burial in Edo State.jpg
Burial in Edo State

With Benin City as capital, the population of the entire state is approximately 5 million. [28] It is made up of four major ethnic groups; namely Edo (Binis), Owan, Esan and Afemai (Etsako & Akoko Edo). However, the State has a high presence of residents from across the country and the world because of its cosmopolitan tendencies. Benin City has a history of being one of the foremost destinations of Europeans during their exploration of Africa continent many centuries ago. Some of these flash points have remained enviable tourists' attraction sites for the state. [29] The people are known for having several Edo traditional food.

Demographics

The main ethnic groups in Edo State are Édo, Etsako, Esan, Owan, and Akoko Edo. [21] Some of the groups can trace their origin to Benin City, hence their dialects vary with their distance from Benin City. The Edo speaking people occupy seven out of the 18 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of the state and constitute 57.54% of the total population. Others are as follows: Esan (17.14%), Etsako (12.19%), Owan (7.43%), and Akoko Edo (5.70%). [21] There are also Igbira speaking communities in Akoko Edo, Itsekiri communities in Ikpoba-Okha, and Ijaw Izons and Urhobos in Ovia North East and South West Local Government Areas, especially in the borderlands. Also, Ika speaking communities exist in Igbanke (Ika) in Orhionmwon LGA. [30]

Governors

NameTitleTook officeLeft officePartyNotes
Colonel John Ewerekumoh Yeri Governor August 1990January 1992(Military)
John E.K. Odigie Oyegun GovernorJanuary 1992November 1993SDP
Colonel Mohammed Abul-Salam Onuka Administrator 9 December 199314 September 1994(Military)
Colonel Bassey Asuquo Administrator14 September 199422 August 1996(Military)
Group Captain Baba Adamu Iyam Administrator22 August 19967 August 1998(Military)
Navy Captain Anthony Onyearugbulem Administrator7 August 199829 May 1999(Military)
Chief Lucky Igbinedion Governor29 May 199929 May 2007 PDP
Professor Oserheimen Osunbor Governor 29 May 200712 November 2008 PDP Removed by court judgment invalidating his election [31]
Comrade Adams A. Oshiomhole Governor12 November 200812 November 2016 AC which later merged with some other political parties to become APC (All Progressive Congress) in 2013
Godwin Obaseki Governor 12 November 2016present APC then decamped to the PDP on 19 June 2020 to seek re-election [32] Reelected 20 September 2020. [33]
Ososo Hills Ososo2.jpg
Ososo Hills

Local Government Areas

Edo State consists of eighteen (18) Local Government Areas. They are:

Edo State House Of Assembly (Fifth Assembly) Division List, 2013

Edo State House Of Assembly Division List 2013, consists of twenty-four (24) divisions: [34]

Edo State Judiciary

The Judiciary is the third arm of Government in the State, vested with the power to interpret the laws and resolve disputes in both civil and criminal matters in the State. The State Judiciary is headed by a Chief Judge. On 19 May 2023, Edo State Governor, Godwin Obaseki swore in Hon. Justice Daniel Iyobosa Okungbowa as Acting Chief Judge of Edo State, following the retirement of Justice Joe Acha. [35]

Politics

Governor Godwin Obaseki is the current governor of Edo State and was sworn into office on 12 November 2016. [36] His deputy is Rt. Hon. Comrade Philip Shaibu. [37] The Edo State House of Assembly is the legislative body.

Electoral System

The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas. [38]

Languages

English is the official language of the state. The major tribal languages spoken in the state are Edo, Etuno, Etsako, Esan, Ake-Ievbu and Okpamheri. [39] Edo State is home to several ethnicities, they are the Edo, Okpe, Esan, Afenmai, Akoko, Igbanke, Emai. [40] [41] [42]

The Etsako/Afemai people of Edo state have the highest population of Muslims. They live in Six local government areas within the state and their major occupation is farming. [40]

Areal view of the ancient city of Benin Areal view of the ancient city of Benin.jpg
Areal view of the ancient city of Benin

Languages of Edo State listed by LGA: [43]

LGALanguages
Akoko-Edo Aduge; Akuku; Etuno; Enwan; Igwe; Ikpeshi; Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe; Okpamheri; Okpe; Oloma; Ososo; Sasaru; Ukaan; Uneme; Yoruba
Esan Central Esan
Esan North East Esan
Esan South East Esan
Esan West Esan
Etsako Etsako; Ivbie North-Okpela-Arhe; Uneme [40]
Etsako Central Etsako
Etsako East Etsako
Etsako West Etsako
Igueben Esan
Ikpoba-Okha Edo, Itsekiri, Urhobo
Oredo Edo
Orhionmwon Edo; Ika; Isoko; Urhobo
Ovia North East Edo
Ovia South West Edo
Owan East Emai-Iuleha-Ora; Ghotuo; Idesa; Ihievbe
Owan West Emai - Iuleha, Ora
Uhunmwonde Edo; Ika

Religion Practiced In Edo State

Christianity and Islam are the major religions practiced in Edo State, although a minority of the population adhere to indigenous religions. [44] [45]

The Catholic Church comprises the Archdiocese of Benin City (1884 as Upper Niger) with 84 parishes under Archbishop Augustine Obiora Akubeze (2011) and three suffragan dioceses of Auchi (2002) with 56 parishes under Bishop Gabriel Ghiakhomo Dunia (2002), Issele-Uku (1973) with 94 parishes under Bishop Michael Odogwu Elue (2003), and Uromi (2005) with 18 parishes under Bishop Donatus Aihmiosion Ogun (2014).

The Anglican Province of Bendel (2002) in the Church of Nigeria under Archbishop Cyril Odutemu (2020) includes the Diocese of Akoko-Edo (2007) led by Bishop Jolly Ehigiator Oyekpen until he died 2022, the Diocese of Benin (1962) led by Bishop Peter Imasuen (2004), the Diocese of Esan (2000) led by Bishop Gabriel Elabor (2020), the Diocese of Etsako (2007) led by Bishop Felix Unuokhe Olorunfemi, the Diocese of Oleh (1999) led by Bishop John Usiwoma Aruakpor (2012), and the Diocese of Sabongidda-Ora (1993) led by Bishop Augustine Ohilebo (2004).

Economy

Tourist attractions in Edo State include the Emotan Statue in Benin City, Ise Lake and River Niger Beach in Agenebode, Etsako-East; Mike Akhigbe Square at fugar, Ambrose Alli Square, Ekpoma, River Niger Beaches at Ilushi, BFFM Building at Ewu, Obiemen lake in Agua Irrua, Igun Bronze Caster at Igun Street in Benin City, College of Agriculture and Aqua Culture Technology, Agenebode, Okpekpe with its hills and scenes and the Usomege Hills at Apana-Uzairue, Somorika hills in Akoko Edo, where a government-run tourist center at Ososo is set among spectacular scenery. [46] [47]

The state produces crude oil, [48] and other mineral resources like limestone and quarry. The state has a cement factory at Okpella [49] and a Flour Mill at Ewu which is moribund. [49]

Human trafficking

This section is an excerpt from Human trafficking in Edo State.[ edit ]
The rate of Human Trafficking in Edo State is in this region of Nigeria. [50] Located in Nigeria's Southern region, Edo State accounts for the highest proportion of irregular migrants in Nigeria. [51] Young girls in Edo state are enticed with false promises to leave Nigeria and travel abroad for a better life, by the traffickers. [52] The traffickers in this state also use manipulation, diabolical oath and debt bondage to control their victims and force them into slavery, forced labour, sex trafficking, and organ sales. [53]

Mineral Resources In Edo State

The following are the Mineral Resources found in Edo State [54]

Education

Notable tertiary learning institutions in Edo state include:

Healthcare

List of Edo State Medical zones and associated local government areas. [34]

Medical ZoneLocal GovernmentName Of HospitalMedical ZoneLocal GovernmentName Of HospitalMedical ZoneLocal GovernmentName Of Hospital
Abudu Orhionmwon General Hospital, Abudu [69] Benin Oredo Central Hospital B/City [70] Igarra Akoko Edo General Hospital, Igarra
Abudu Orhionmwon General Hospital, Igbanke [71] Benin Oredo Cottage. Hospital Obayantor [72] [73] Igarra Akoko Edo Government Hospital, Ibillo
AbuduOrhionmwonGeneral Hospital, Uronigbe [74] BeninOredoStella Obasanjo Hospital [75] [76] [73] Etete Layout Road,Benin CityDist. Hospital, Uneme-Osu
AbuduOrhionmwonCot. Hospital ObenEkpomaEsan WestGeneral Hospital, Ekpoma [77] Iguobazuwa Ovia South West General Hospital. Iguobazuwa
AbuduOrhionmwonCot. Hospital EgbokorEkpomaEsan WestGeneral Hospital, IruekpenIguobazuwaOvia South WestGovernment Hospital Usen
AbuduUhunmwodeDist. Hospital, EgbaEkpomaEsan CentralDist. Hospital, UsugbenuIguobazuwaOvia North EastDist. Hospital, Ekiadolor
AfuzeOwan EastGeneral Hospital, Afuze [78] EkpomaEsan CentralDist. Hospital, EwuOssiomoLeprosy Clinic in All L.G.ASpecislist Hospital, Ossiomo
Afuze Owan EastDist. Hospital, Otuo Fugar Etsako East General Hospital, Fugar Ubiaja Esan South West General Hospital, Ubiaja
AfuzeOwan WestGeneral Hospital, Sabogida Ora [79] FugarEtsako EastGeneral Hospital, AgenebodeUbiajaEsan South WestDist. Hospital, Ewohimi
AfuzeOwan WestDist. Hospital, UzebbaFugarEtsako EastDist. Hospital, ApanaUbiajaIguebenGovernment Hospital, Igueben
Auchi Estako West Central. Hospital, Auchi [80] Fugar Etsako WestGovernment Hospital, Agbede UromiEsan North EastCentral Hospital Uromi

Transport

Federal Highways are

Other major roads include

Airports: Benin City is served by Benin Airport with flights to Abuja, Kano, Lagos and Port Harcourt.

Notable people

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Benin City</span> Capital city of Edo State, Nigeria

Benin City is the capital and largest city of Edo State, southern Nigeria. It is the fourth-largest city in Nigeria according to the 2006 census, after Lagos, Kano, and Ibadan.

The Mid-Western Region was a division of Nigeria from 1963 to 1991, from 1976 being known as the Bendel state.

Chief Lucky Nosakhare Igbinedion is a Nigerian politician who served as the governor of Edo State from 1999 to 2007. He is a member of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Esan people</span> Ethnic group in Nigeria

Esan people, or Esans, are an Edoid-speaking ethnic group who share a common culture and the Esan language. The Esan are traditionally known to be agriculturalists, trado-medical practitioners, mercenary warriors and hunters. They cultivate palm trees, Irvingia gabonensis (erhonhiele), Cherry (Otien), bell pepper (akoh) coconut, betel nut, kola nut, black pear, avocado pear, yams, cocoyam, cassava, maize, rice, beans, groundnut, bananas, oranges, plantains, sugar cane, tomato, potato, okra, pineapple, paw paw, and various vegetables.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Samuel Ogbemudia Stadium</span> Multi-use stadium in Nigeria

The Samuel Ogbemudia Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Benin City, Nigeria. Originally known as Ogbe Stadium, it is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home stadium of Bendel Insurance FC and Edo Queens FC.

The Afemai, also spelled Afenmai, are an ethnic group living in the northern part of Edo State, South-South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Afemai people occupy six local government areas of Edo state: Etsako West, with headquarters in Auchi it has an area of 944.8 km² with a population of 198,975 at the 2006 census, Etsako Central, with the headquarters in Fugar it has an area of 659.7 km² with a population of 94,228 in the 2006 census, Etsako East, with the headquarters in Agenebode it has an area of 1,131 km² with a population of 147,335 in the 2006 census, Owan East with Afuze as the headquarters it has an area of 1,239 km² with a population of 154,630 in the 2006 census, Owan West with Sabongida-Ora as the headquarters it has an area of 731.4 km² with a population of 99,056 in the 2006 census and Akoko Edo,Igarra being the headquarters It has an area of 1,371 km² with a population of 262,567 at the 2006 census.These make up the Edo-North Senatorial District.

The Etsakọ people are one of the major ethnic group in the northern region of Edo State, Nigeria. They are historically linked to the ancient Benin kingdom. Administratively, they presently occupy three local government areas of Edo State. These are: Etsako East, Etsako West and Etsako Central, with Agenebode, Auchi, and Fugar as their administrative headquarters respectively.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Edo</span> Edos delegation in Nigerias National Assembly

The Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Edo comprises three Senators representing Edo Central, Edo South, and Edo North, and nine Representatives representing Egor/Ikpoba-okha, Owan West/East, Esan North-East/Esan South- East, Esan Central/West/Igueben, Ovia South/West-Ovia North/East, Akoko-Edo, Etsako East/West/Central, Orhionmwon/Uhunmwode, and Oredo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roman Catholic Diocese of Auchi</span> Roman Catholic diocese in Edo State, Nigeria

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Auchi is a diocese located in the city of Auchi, Edo State in the ecclesiastical province of Benin City in Nigeria.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edo people</span> Nigerian ethnic group

The Edopeople, also referred to as the Beninpeople, are an Edoid-speaking ethnic group. They are prominently native to seven southern local government areas of Edo State, Nigeria. They are speakers of the Edo language and are the descendants of the founders of the Benin Kingdom, Ogiso Igodo. They are closely related to other Edoid ethnic groups, such as the Esan, the Etsakọ, the Isoko and Urhobo as well as other southern ethnic groups, such as the Yoruba and the Igbo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Auchi</span> Place in Edo State, Nigeria

Auchi is a city in Edo State, Nigeria.

The Bendel Province is one of the fourteen ecclesiastical provinces of the Church of Nigeria. It comprises thirteen dioceses, each one headed by a bishop and it was created in 2002, when the current division into provinces was adopted. His headquarters are located in Asaba. The first Archbishop of the Bendel Province was Albert Agbaje, who died in 2005. He was succeeded by Nicholas Okoh, latter replaced upon his election as Primate of Nigeria by Friday John Imaekhai in 2010. In 2020 Cyril Odutemu became Archbishop of Bendel.

Philip Shaibu is a Nigerian accountant and politician who has served as the deputy governor of Edo State since 2016. He was impeached in 2024 but was reinstated by the Federal High Court, Abuja on Wednesday, 17 July 2024. He previously served as a member of the Federal House of Representatives representing Etsako from 2015 to 2016, and as a member of the Edo State House of Assembly from 2007 to 2015.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edo North senatorial district</span> Senatorial district in Nigeria

Edo North senatorial district in Edo State comprises six local government areas which consist of Etsako West, Etsako East, Etsako Central, Owan West, Owan East and Akoko Edo. The headquarters of Edo North is Auchi in Etsako West LGA. The current representative of Edo North is comr. Adams Aliu Oshiomole of the All Progressives Congress, APC.

The 2003 Edo State gubernatorial election occurred on the 19th of April, 2003. Incumbent Governor PDP's Lucky Igbinedion won the election for a second term, defeating ANPP's Roland Owie and three other candidates.

Eghosa Anglican Grammar School is a secondary school located along New Lagos road in the ancient city of Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.

The 2023 Nigerian Senate elections in Edo State will be held on 25 February 2023, to elect the 3 federal Senators from Edo State, one from each of the state's three senatorial districts. The elections will coincide with the 2023 presidential election, as well as other elections to the Senate and elections to the House of Representatives; with state elections being held two weeks later. Primaries were held between 4 April and 9 June 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2023 Nigerian presidential election in Edo State</span>

The 2023 Nigerian presidential election in Edo State will be held on 25 February 2023 as part of the nationwide 2023 Nigerian presidential election to elect the president and vice president of Nigeria. Other federal elections, including elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate, will also be held on the same date while state elections will be held two weeks afterward on 11 March.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Government of Edo State</span> Executive, legislative and judicial branches of Edo State, Nigeria

The government of Edo State serves as the governing authority for Edo State, one of the 36 states within the Federal Republic of Nigeria. It comprises three branches of government: the executive branch led by the Governor of Edo State, the legislative branch represented by the Edo State House of Assembly, and the judicial branch, including the Judiciary of Edo State and the Courts of Edo State. The state government operates under the frameworks of the Constitution of Nigeria and the Constitution of Edo State, delineating the powers, duties, and functions of state organs and institutions. It also encourages direct participation from the electorate through mechanisms such as initiative, referendum, and ratification.

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