Abia State

Last updated

Abia
State
Abia State Flag.gif
Flag
Abia State Coat of Arms.gif
Seal
Nicknames: 
God's Own State
Igbo: Ọ̀hà nke Chineke
Nigeria - Abia.svg
Location of Abia State in Nigeria
Coordinates: 5°25′N7°30′E / 5.417°N 7.500°E / 5.417; 7.500
CountryFlag of Nigeria.svg Nigeria
Date created 27 August 1991;
34 years ago (1991-08-27)
Capital Umuahia
Government
 • Body Government of Abia State
 •  Governor Alex Otti (LP)
 •  Deputy Governor Ikechukwu Emetu (LP)
 • Legislature Abia State House of Assembly
 •  Senators
 •  Representatives List
Area
 • Total
6,320 km2 (2,440 sq mi)
 • Rank32
Population
 (2022 est) [1]
 • Total
4,143,100
 • Density660/km2 (1,700/sq mi)
Demonym Abians
GDP (PPP)
 • Year 2021
 • Total$22.83 billion [2]
18th of 36
 • Per capita$5,351 [2]
9th of 36
Time zone UTC+01 (WAT)
Postal code
440001
Dialing Code+234
ISO 3166 code NG-AB
Language Igbo
English
HDI (2022)0.622 [3]
medium · 10th of 37
Website abiastate.gov.ng

Abia is a state in the Southeastern region of Nigeria. The state's capital is Umuahia and its most populous city is Aba. The legislature is the Abia State House of Assembly.

Contents

Abia is bordered the west by Imo, east by Cross River, south by Rivers, northwest by Anambra and northeast by Enugu and Ebonyi. The state is divided between the Niger Delta swamp forests in the south and the Cross–Niger transition forests. The Imo and Aba Rivers flows along the state's western and southern borders respectively. Known for producing crude oil and natural gas, Abia ranks the eighth by Human Development Index since 2019.

The name "Abia" is an abbreviation of Abia state's four densely populated regions Aba, Bende, Isuikwuato, and Afikpo. Abia's slogan is "God's own state". Abia is one of the 36 states in Nigeria, and has seventeen Local government areas. It was created on 27 August 1991 out of Imo State by General Ibrahim Babangida, and it is located in the south-eastern part of Nigeria with Umuahia as the capital, and Aba as the commercial city.

Abia State's history begins as part of the Aro Confederacy until its defeat in the early 1900s by the British troops during the Anglo-Aro War. After the war, the area was incorporated into the Southern Nigeria Protectorate of British Nigeria. After Nigeria's independence in 1960, Abia became part of the Eastern Region until 1967 before the region was split, and it became part of the East Central State. The Eastern Region attempted to secede in Nigerian Civil War with Abia as part of the secessionist state of Biafra. After the war and the then reunification of Nigeria, the East Central State was merged until 1976 when Imo including Abia, was formed by Murtala Muhammed. Eastern Imo would later become the old Abia State after a split. In 1996, part of Abia's northeast was removed to form a part of the new Ebonyi.

The Igbo people make up 95% of the state's population and the official language is Igbo. Ibibio is also spoken in some parts of the state especially in Arochukwu. [4] There are over 3 million Christians. [5] Catholic Hierarchy analyses that there are 689,668 Catholics (2020) in Diocese of Umuahia with over 70 parishes, and Aba Diocese with over 90 parishes, both suffragans of the Archdiocese of Owerri. [6]

Geography

Azumini Blue River in Abia state, Nigeria Azumini Blue River in Abia state, Nigeria.jpg
Azumini Blue River in Abia state, Nigeria

Abia State occupies about 4902 square kilometres. It is bounded on the north and northeast by the states of Enugu for about 25 km, and Ebonyi for 70 km (43 miles), Cross River State for about 52 km (partly across Cross River) and Akwa Ibom State for 151 km (94 miles) to the east and southeast respectively, Rivers State to the south and west for 87 km (54 miles), Imo State and Anambra to the west for to the west in the vicinity of the Imo River) for about 18 km and about 104 km respectively. The southernmost part of the State lies within the Niger Delta Swamp Forests, while the rest of the state, lies within the Cross–Niger transition forests. [7] The southern portion gets heavy rainfall of about 2,400 millimetres (94 in) per year and it is intense between the months of April through October. [8] The most important rivers in Abia State are the Imo and Aba Rivers which flow into the Atlantic Ocean through Akwa Ibom State. [9]

Environmental Issues

Solid waste

Municipal solid waste management (MSWM) deals with the collection, storing, treatment and disposal of solid waste, to ensure that it does not affect humans, living things and the environment at large. There are factors that influence Municipal solid waste generation such as income level, local climatic condition, urbanization and economic development. [10] MSW in Aba, Abia State is classified into;

  1. Domestic waste (waste from households, food centers, markets, and commercial premises)
  2. Industrial waste (excluding toxic waste that requires special handling)
  3. Institutional waste (waste from government establishments, schools, hospitals and recreational facilities

In recent times, it was reported that Aba and Umuahia generate up to two hundred and seventy truckloads of domestic and commercial waste daily. This information was made known to the public by Governor Alex Otti during his inauguration speech after taking the baton of government from the former governor, Okezie Ikpeazu. [11]

Climate

Aba experiences a warm and gloomy wet season as well as a scorching and oppressive dry season. The temperature rarely drops below 61 °F (16 °C) or rises over 91 °F (33 °C) throughout the entire year, fluctuating between 68 and 88 °F (20 and 31 °C). [12] [13]

The beach/pool score indicates that the best time of year to visit Aba for hot-weather activities is from late November to early February. [14] [15]

In Aba, the rainy season is warm and cloudy, the dry season is hot and largely gloomy, and the climate is uncomfortable all year long. The average annual temperature ranges from 68 °F to 88 °F, with occasional exceptions when it falls below 61 °F or rises over 91 °F. [12] [16]

Since Aba experiences so small seasonal temperature variations, talking about the hot and cold seasons isn't very helpful. [17] [18]

Demographics

Religion

The residents of Abia state are predominantly Christians.

Churches Umuahia Catholic Diocese (1958) with 70 parishes is under Bishop Michael Kalu Ukpong (2022) and Aba Diocese (1990) with 90 parishes under Bishop Augustine Ndubueze Echema (2019) , both suffragans of Owerri Archdiocese.

The Aba Province of Anglican Church of Nigeria led by Archbishop Isaac Nwaobia (2019) comprises the nine Dioceses of Aba led by Bishop Christian Ugwuzor (2011), Aba Ngwa North (2007) led by Bishop Nathan Kanu (2009), Arochukwu/Ohafia led by Bishop Johnson Onuoha, Ikwanuo led by Bishop Chigozirim Onyegbule, Isiala Ngwa led by Bishop Temple Nwaogu, Isial-Ngwa South (2007) led by Bishop Isaac Nwaobia, Isikwuato (2005) led by Bishop Manasses Chijiokem Okere (2013), Ukwa (1994) led by Bishop Samuel Kelechi Eze (2004), and Umuahia led by Bishop Geoffrey Obijuru Ibeabuchi (2019).

There are also other pentecostal churches located within Abia State including Living Faith Church which has more than 100 branches within the state.

Languages

Below is a list of Languages of Abia State organised by the LGA: [19]

LGALanguages
Arochukwu Igbo, Ibibio
Umuahia South Igbo
Umuahia North Igbo
Ikwuano Igbo
Isuikwuato Igbo
Ukwa West Igbo
Aba SouthIgbo
Aba NorthIgbo
Isiala Ngwa NorthIgbo
Isiala Ngwa SouthIgbo
Obingwa Igbo
Umunneochi Igbo
UgwunagboIgbo
Ukwa EastIgbo

Local Government Areas

Abia State is made up of seventeen (17) Local Government Areas. [20] They are:

Economy

Crude oil and gas production is a prominent activity, as it contributes over 39% of the State's GDP. [21] However, the indigenous oil companies – through the Marginal Fields Programme (MFP) – have not found it easy to attract the requisite funding and infrastructural capacity, to explore some of the marginal oil fields which are about 50 in the State. [22]

The manufacturing sector only accounts for 2% of the GDP. [21] The industrial centre of the state is in Aba, with textile manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, soap, plastics, cement, footwear, and cosmetics. [7] In addition to the above, Abia State Government has just built a 9,000 capacity multipurpose International Conference Centre in Umuahia. This edifice of international standard was built by Governor T.A. Orji, to enhance tourism as well as boost the state economy, through hosting of major International and Local events.

Representing 27% of the GDP, [21] agriculture – which employs 70% [21] of the state workforce – is the second economic sector of Abia. With its adequate seasonal rainfall, Abia has much arable land that produces yams, maize, potatoes, rice, cashews, plantains, taro, and cassava. [7] Oil palm is the most important cash crop. [7]

Oil and gas exploration

There are over 100 oil wells and 3 installed flow stations in Abia State. [22] [23] There is also an associated gas plant, Abia/NNPC gas plant. [23] As of 2012, boundary Commission said it returned 42 oil wells from neighbouring Rivers State to Abia. [23] This makes Abia the fourth largest oil-producing state in the country. [23] Oil giant, Shell, holds most of the licenses for the wells in the State, and has concentrated on the estimated 50 wells that are considered high-yield. [22]

The state produced 36,000 barrels of crude oil per day; "Imoturu produces 23,000 barrels per day and Isimili flow station produces over 8,000 barrels of crude oil per day. [24] Then four oil wells in Izaku go to Obigo flow station. About 30 oil wells from my village go to Umuri, and about eight oil wells from Umurie go to Afam", said Samuel Okezie Nwogu, Chairman of Abia State Oil Producing Development Area Commission (ASOPADEC). However, the State has complained of poor funding from its oil revenue federal allocation. [23]

Education

Abia state's public and private secondary schools, according to a document by the Ministry of Education, had a student–teacher ratio of 8:1 to 12:1 from 2013 to 2016 school year. [25] All school divisions must adhere to educational standards set forth by the Abia State Ministry of Education. [26] In 2016, 13,699 students (5,512 males and 8,187 females) were enrolled in public schools while 14,798 (7,068 males and 7,730 females) were enrolled in private schools. In 2017, 13,351 students (5,517 males and 7,834 females) were enrolled in the public schools, while 39,280 students (19,260 males and 20,020 females) were enrolled in private schools. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, there exist As of 2016, 168 public school and 194 provate schools, and As of 2017 233 public schools and 1,095 private schools. [27]

In 2016, 3859 students graduated from public high schools while 5419 graduated from private schools. In 2017, 3691 graduated from public schools while 11,707 graduated from private schools. [27] As of 2025 Goodluck Ubochi serves as the Commissioner for Basic and Secondary Education while Uche Eme serves as the Commissioner for Tertiary Education. [28]

Colleges and universities

According to The Guardian , Abia had a literacy level of 94.24 percent in 2017 after Imo, Lagos, and Ekiti States. [29] The Ministry of Education recognizes 5 universities in Abia; one federal, one state, and three privately-owned universities. [30] In the 2025 Unirank ranking of universities, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture ranked 57th, Abia State University is 67th, Gregory University is 94th, Rhema University is 105th, Clifford University is 147th, and Spiritan University Nneochi is 161th. [31]

Abia State University, founded in 1981 is the only state university and the oldest in Abia. [32] Lux Mundi University became the first private university in Umuahia, the state capital. [33] In 2024, the state under Governor Alex Otti, adopted a policy of free and compulsory basic education for all the state's residents as well as non-indigenes which took effect in January 2025. [34] [35]

Transportation

The nearest airport to Abia is Sam Mbakwe Cargo Airport (Owerri Airport), it is an hour drive to Umuahia and Aba. It is two hours' drive to Port Harcourt International Airport. Akwa Ibom Airport (Akwa Ibom State) can also serve would-be visitors. The distance between Uyo (Akwa Ibom) and Umuahia (Abia) is: 73.28 kilometres (45.53 mi).

The rail transport is also available in the state very effective. Aba is connected to Port Harcourt by rail. Umuahia is connected to Aba and Enugu by rail. [7] The coastal parts of the State are equally accessible using boats and canoes.

Federal Highways are;

Other major roads includes;

Politics

The State Government is led by a democratically elected Governor who works closely with members of the state's House of Assembly. The capital city of the state is Umuahia, [36] and there are 17 local government areas in the state.

Abia State House of Assembly, Nigeria Renovated Abia State House of Assembly.jpg
Abia State House of Assembly, Nigeria

At statehood in 1991, Abia was ruled by Ibrahim Babangida-appointed Military Administrator Frank Ajobena before Ogbonnaya Onu was elected governor later that year under the Third Nigerian Republic. Onu governed for nearly two years before Sani Abacha ended the Third Republic and reinstated full military rule. Under the Abacha regime, three more Military Administrators (Chinyere Ike Nwosu, Temi Ejoor, and Moses Fasanya) were appointed before Abacha's death and the accession of Abdulsalami Abubakar. Abubakar appointed one more Military Administrator, Anthony Obi, before starting the transition to democracy in 1998.

In 1999, Nigeria returned to democracy, and Orji Uzor Kalu was elected governor on the platform of the People's Democratic Party. Consequently, he was sworn in on 29 May 1999. In 2003, when it was time for fresh elections, Kalu re-contested on the platform of the PDP and got a second mandate to govern (the Constitution of Nigeria limits Governors to two terms in office). At the end of Kalu's term in 2007, Theodore Orji (PPA) defeated Onyema Ugochukwu (PDP) in the 2007 gubernatorial election, to become Abia's next Governor. In 2011, Theodore Orji defected from the PPA to the PDP before being re-elected for another four-year term later that year.

In 2015, Okezie Ikpeazu (PDP) was voted in as the ninth Governor of Abia State. [37] Four years later, he won re-election, defeating Uche Ogah of the All Progressives Congress and Alex Otti of APGA to be sworn in as Governor for a second term on 29 May 2019. [38] In Abia State, 70 percent of politicians belong to the PDP. [39]

In 2023, Alex Otti of the Labour Party Nigeria (LP) emerged as the eleventh governor of the state having defeated the candidate of the PDP in a fiercely contested race. [40]

Electoral system

The electoral system of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas. [41]

Culture

Inside View Amakama living Tree with a Wooden Cave in Abia State, Nigeria Inside View Amakama living Tree with a Wooden Cave in Abia State, Nigeria.jpg
Inside View Amakama living Tree with a Wooden Cave in Abia State, Nigeria

Tourist destinations include:

Notable People

Sports

Arts

Politics

References

  1. ↑ "Abia State: Subdivision". citypopulation.de. Retrieved 5 February 2024.
  2. 1 2 Okeowo, Gabriel; Fatoba, Iyanuoluwa, eds. (13 October 2022). "State of States 2022 Edition" (PDF). Budgit.org. BudgIT. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
  3. ↑ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  4. ↑ "Enugu State". Igbofocus.co.uk. 17 January 2012. Archived from the original on 13 November 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2012.
  5. ↑ Owoh, Uzondu Roy (7 May 2023). "Abia | state, Nigeria". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 14 September 2021.
  6. ↑ "Aba (Diocese) [Catholic-Hierarchy]". www.catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved 25 November 2023.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010). "Abia" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. I (15th ed.). Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp.  32. ISBN   978-1-59339-837-8.
  8. ↑ "abia". www.usafricaonline.com. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
  9. ↑ Nigeria, Media (22 March 2018). "Major Rivers In Abia state". Media Nigeria. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  10. ↑ Ezechi, Ezerie Henry; Nwabuko, Chima George; Enyinnaya, Ogbonna Chidi; Babington, Chibunna John (September 2017). "Municipal solid waste management in Aba, Nigeria: Challenges and prospects". Environmental Engineering Research. 22 (3): 231–236. doi: 10.4491/eer.2017.100 . ISSN   1226-1025.
  11. ↑ Report, Agency (1 July 2023). "Umuahia, Aba generate 270 truckloads of refuse daily – Task Force". Premium Times Nigeria. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  12. 1 2 "Aba Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  13. ↑ "Aba climate: Temperature Aba & Weather By Month". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  14. ↑ "Aba Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  15. ↑ "Abia weather and climate ☀️ Best time to visit 🌡️ Temperature". www.besttravelmonths.com. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  16. ↑ "Abia, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Weather Averages and Historical Data". tcktcktck.org. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  17. ↑ "Climate Abia: Temperature, climate graph, Climate table for Abia". en.climate-data.org. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  18. ↑ "Weather Abia State". meteoblue. 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
  19. ↑ Owoh, Uzondu Roy (7 May 2023). "Nigeria". Ethnologue (22 ed.). Retrieved 10 January 2020.
  20. ↑ jlukmon (14 March 2023). "List of 17 Local Governments in Abia State and their Headquarters". ABOUT NIGERIANS. Archived from the original on 14 March 2023. Retrieved 5 May 2023.
  21. 1 2 3 4 Nigeria's 36 States and the FCT, Economic, societal and political profiles, World Bank Report
  22. 1 2 3 Channelstv, Nigeria (14 April 2013). "Harnessing Abia's oil and gas potentials". channelstv.com. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 Vanguard, Nigeria (7 August 2012). "Our problem is poor funding – ASOPADEC Chairman". vanguardngr.com. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
  24. ↑ "Top Locations of Crude Oil in Nigeria". nigerianfinder.com. 8 June 2018. Retrieved 13 February 2022.
  25. ↑ "Students Teacher Ratio Across States in Public and Private Senior-Secondary Schools (2013-2016)" (PDF). Ministry of Education . Retrieved 17 August 2025.
  26. ↑ Njoku, Ahitub Okpo; Modebelu, M. N. (2019). "Organizational Climate and Teachers Job Performance in Public Secondary Schools in Abia State, Nigeria". OALib. 06 (10): 1–8. doi: 10.4236/oalib.1105751 . ISSN   2333-9721.
  27. 1 2 "Senior Secondary School Enrolment Data 2016–2017" (PDF). nigerianstat.gov. Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics . Retrieved 17 August 2025.
  28. ↑ Nwakanma (15 August 2024). "Abia gov assigns new commissioners, redeploys others". The Punch . Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  29. ↑ "Despite decades of funding, literacy level in the northern states remains low". The Guardian (Nigeria) . 24 July 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  30. ↑ "List of Universities In Abia State". schoolrack.cim. 26 December 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  31. ↑ "2025 University Ranking". UniRank. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  32. ↑ "Universities in Abia State". universitynews.com.ng. 3 February 2025. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  33. ↑ Olaiya, Tope Templer (4 December 2023). "Otti commends Prof. Okenwa as Umuahia's first varsity takes off". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  34. ↑ Ikokwu, Ogbonnaya (1 October 2024). "Abia insists on free, compulsory basic education". The Punch . Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  35. ↑ Oko, Steve (12 November 2024). "Abia announces free, compulsory education". Vanguard News . Retrieved 23 August 2025.
  36. ↑ "Umuahia | Location, Facts, & Population | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 12 March 2022.
  37. ↑ INEC Declares Ikpeazu Winner Of Abia Governorship Election
  38. ↑ Emeruwa, Chijindu (29 May 2019). "Gov. Ikpeazu sworn in as Abia Governor for second term [PHOTOS]". Daily Post Nigeria. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  39. ↑ gloriaabiakam (2 May 2022). "The Political Fortunes of the different Parties in Abia State". Federal Ministry of Information and National Orientation. Retrieved 7 June 2025.
  40. ↑ Nwakanma, Sunday (29 May 2023). "Otti sworn in as Abia governor". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 25 July 2023.
  41. ↑ Oguntola, Tunde (27 September 2022). "2023: Next President, Govs Must Get Two-thirds Spread, Says INEC" . Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  42. ↑ Blueprint (6 February 2014). "The Long Juju of Arochukwu". Blueprint Newspapers Limited. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  43. 1 2 "Abia State Current Affairs". MYSCHOOLLIBRARY. 7 March 2020. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  44. ↑ Joy (21 April 2021). "5 Top Tourist Centres In Abia State". AnaedoOnline. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  45. ↑ "National Museum of Colonial History, Aba; Tourist Attractions In Abia State :: Nigeria Information & Guide". www.nigeriagalleria.com. Retrieved 24 March 2022.
  46. ↑ McCall, John C. (1992). The Ohafia War Dance as lived experience: History and identity in a Nigerian community (Thesis). ProQuest   304006292.
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  48. ↑ State, Abia (21 August 2011). "Culture & Tourism". Official Website of Abia State Government. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  49. ↑ NICO (17 April 2025). "Ezumezu Festival in Igbere - National Institute for Cultural Orientation - NICO" . Retrieved 5 June 2025.
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  51. ↑ "Nigeria's Chukwueze joins Milan on 5-year deal". ESPN.com. 28 July 2023. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  52. ↑ "Michael Emenalo set to become Saudi Pro League's first director of football". The New York Times. 13 July 2023. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 15 June 2025.
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  62. ↑ "April 11 Polls: APGA faction adopts Okezie Ikpeazu for Governor". Daily Post Nigeria. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  63. ↑ "How I became billionaire – Orji Uzor Kalu". www.premiumtimesng.com. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  64. ↑ "Otti, two others dump APC for Labour Party". Punch Newspapers. 27 May 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2025.
  65. ↑ "GOV ELECTION: The winners are Ajimobi, Fashola, Amaechi, Amosun, Abdulfatah, Akpabio, Aliyu, Dakingari, Orji, Chime, Kwankwaso..." tribune.com.ng. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 15 June 2025.

Government

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