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This list of disasters in Metro Manila by death toll includes both natural and man-made disasters that took place in the general vicinity of Metro Manila in the Philippines. This list is not comprehensive in general.
| Year | Type | Fatalities | Damage (US$) | Article | Location | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1945 | Warfare | 100,000–240,000 | 1945 Battle of Manila | Manila | Fatalities estimated. The city was completely destroyed. |
| Year | Type | Fatalities | Damage (US$) | Article | Location | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1662 | Insurrection | 10,000 [1] | 1662 Manila Chinese massacre | Manila | Fatalities estimated. |
| Year | Type | Fatalities | Damage (US$) | Article | Location | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1603 | Insurrection | 5,000–25,000 [2] | 1603 Manila Chinese massacre | Manila | Fatalities estimated. | |
| 1863 | Earthquake | 1,000 [3] | 1863 Manila earthquake | Manila | Fatalities estimated. |
| Year | Type | Fatalities | Damage (US$) | Article | Location | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1897 | Warfare | 891 | Battle of Zapote Bridge | Las Piñas | ||
| 1970 | Typhoon | 611 [4] | Typhoon Patsy | Metro Manila | ||
| 1645 | Earthquake | 600 [5] | 1645 Luzon earthquake | Province of Manila | ||
| 1899 | Warfare | 539 | Second Battle of Caloocan | Caloocan | ||
| 2009 | Typhoon | 448 | Typhoon Ketsana | Metro Manila | ||
| 1899 | Warfare | 293 | 1899 Battle of Manila | Manila | ||
| 1968 | Earthquake | 268 [6] | 1968 Casiguran earthquake | Manila | ||
| 1762 | Warfare | 247 | 1762 Battle of Manila | Manila | ||
| 2000 | Landslide | 218–1,000 | Payatas landslide | Quezon City | ||
| 1899 | Warfare | 165 | Battle of Zapote River | Las Piñas | ||
| 1996 | Fire | 162 | Ozone Disco fire | Quezon City | Recognized as the worst fire in Philippine history. | |
| 1896 | Warfare | 155 | Battle of San Juan del Monte | San Juan | ||
| 2004 | Terrorism | 116 | SuperFerry 14 bombing | Manila Bay | ||
| 1820 | Riot | 110–120 [7] | First cholera pandemic riots | Manila |
| Rank | Article | Dates of impact | Deaths | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fifth cholera pandemic | 1882 | 34,000 | [8] |
| 2 | COVID-19 pandemic | 2020–present | 10,277–13,546 | [9] |
| 3 | Spanish flu pandemic | 1918 | 5,055 | [10] |
| 4 | Sixth cholera pandemic | 1902 | 4,386 | [11] |
The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines, is an archipelagic country in Southeast Asia. It is situated in the western Pacific Ocean and consists of around 7,641 islands that are broadly categorized under three main geographical divisions from north to south: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. The Philippines is bounded by the South China Sea to the west, the Philippine Sea to the east, and the Celebes Sea to the southwest. It shares maritime borders with Taiwan to the north, Japan to the northeast, Palau to the east and southeast, Indonesia to the south, Malaysia to the southwest, Vietnam to the west, and China to the northwest. The Philippines covers an area of 300,000 km2 (120,000 sq mi) and, as of 2021, it had a population of around 109 million people, making it the world's thirteenth-most-populous country. The Philippines has diverse ethnicities and cultures throughout its islands. Manila is the country's capital, while the largest city is Quezon City; both lie within the urban area of Metro Manila.
Luzon is the largest and most populous island in the Philippines. Located in the northern portion of the Philippines archipelago, it is the economic and political center of the nation, being home to the country's capital city, Manila, as well as Quezon City, the country's most populous city. With a population of 64 million as of 2021, it contains 52.5% of the country's total population and is the fourth most populous island in the world. It is the 15th largest island in the world by land area.
Metropolitan Manila, officially the National Capital Region, is the seat of government and one of three defined metropolitan areas in the Philippines. It is composed of 16 highly urbanized cities: the city of Manila, Quezon City, Caloocan, Las Piñas, Makati, Malabon, Mandaluyong, Marikina, Muntinlupa, Navotas, Parañaque, Pasay, Pasig, San Juan, Taguig, and Valenzuela, as well as the municipality of Pateros. The region encompasses an area of 619.57 square kilometers (239.22 sq mi) and a population of 13,484,462 as of 2020. It is the second most populous and the most densely populated region of the Philippines. It is also the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia and the 5th most populous urban area in the world.
Manila, officially City of Manila, is the capital of the Philippines and its second-most populous city. Manila is located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay on the island of Luzon. It is highly urbanized and as of 2019, was the world's most densely populated city proper. Manila is considered to be a global city and is rated as an Alpha – City by Globalization and World Cities Research Network (GaWC). It was the first chartered city in the country, and was designated as such by the Philippine Commission Act 183 of July 31, 1901. It became autonomous with the passage of Republic Act No. 409, "The Revised Charter of the City of Manila", on June 18, 1949. Manila is considered to be part of the world's original set of global cities because its commercial networks were the first to extend across the Pacific Ocean and connect Asia with the Spanish Americas through the galleon trade; when this was accomplished, it was the first time an uninterrupted chain of trade routes circling the planet had been established. Manila is among the most-populous and fastest-growing cities in Southeast Asia.
Cavite, officially the Province of Cavite, is a province in the Philippines located in the Calabarzon region in Luzon. Located on the southern shores of Manila Bay and southwest of Manila, it is one of the most industrialized and fastest-growing provinces in the Philippines. As of 2020, it has a population of 4,344,829, making it the most populated province in the country if the independent cities of Cebu are excluded from Cebu's population figure.
The Greater Manila Area is the contiguous urbanization region surrounding the Metropolitan Manila area. This built-up zone includes Metro Manila and the neighboring provinces of Bulacan to the north, Cavite and Laguna to the south, and Rizal to the east. Though sprawl continues to absorb new zones, some urban zones are independent clusters of settlements surrounded by non-urban areas.
Filipinos are citizens or people identified with the country of the Philippines. The majority of Filipinos today come from various Austronesian ethnolinguistic groups, all typically speaking Filipino, English, and/or other Philippine languages. Currently, there are more than 185 ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines; each with its own language, identity, culture, and history.
Metropolitan Cebu, or simply Metro Cebu,, is the main urban center of the province of Cebu in the Philippines. Metro Cebu is located along the central eastern portion of the island including the nearby island of Mactan. It accounts for 19.9 percent of the land area and 61.5 percent of the population of the entire province of Cebu.
Dean Conant Worcester, D.Sc., FRGS was an American zoologist, public official, and authority on the Philippines. He was born at Thetford, Vermont, and educated at the University of Michigan. He first went to the Philippines in 1887 as a junior member of a scientific expedition, and built a controversial career in the early American colonial government beginning in 1899 based upon his experience in the country. He was fiercely opposed to Philippine independence and a firm believer in the colonial mission. He served as the influential Secretary of the Interior of the Philippine Islands until 1913 when he began focusing on his business interests. He died in the Philippines having organized and managed businesses that included coconut farming and processing, cattle raising, and a maritime shipping line.
American settlement in the Philippines began during the Spanish colonial period. The period of American colonialization of the Philippines was 48 years. It began with the cession of the Philippines to the U.S. by Spain in 1898 and lasted until the U.S. recognition of Philippine independence in 1946. After independence in 1946, many Americans chose to remain in the Philippines while maintaining relations with relatives in the US. Most of them were professionals, but missionaries continued to settle the country. In 2015, the U.S. State Department estimated in 2016 that more than 220,000 U.S. citizens lived in the Philippines and more than 650,000 visited per year, with a significant mixed population of Amerasians and descendants from the colonial era as well.
Today, environmental problems in the Philippines include pollution, illegal mining and logging, deforestation, threats to environmental activists, dynamite fishing, landslides, coastal erosion, biodiversity loss, extinction, global warming and climate change. Due to the paucity of extant documents, a complete history of land use in the archipelago remains unwritten. However, relevant data shows destructive land use increased significantly in the eighteenth century when Spanish colonialism enhanced its extraction of the archipelago's resources for the early modern global market. The Philippines is projected to be one of the most vulnerable countries to the impacts of climate change, which would exacerbate weather extremes. As The Philippines lies on the Pacific Ring of Fire, it is prone to natural disasters, like earthquakes, typhoons, and volcanic eruptions. In 2021, the Philippines ranked the fourth most affected country from "weather-related loss events", partly due to the close proximity of major infrastructure and residential areas to the coast and unreliable government support. One of the most devastating typhoons to hit the archipelago was Typhoon Haiyan, known locally as Yolanda, in 2013 that killed 6,300 people and left 28,689 injured. Philippine politicians have demonstrated awareness of environmental crises with the passing of policies like The Clean Air Act of 1999, the Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004, the Climate Change Act of 2009, and participation in the Paris Agreement. However, research has found that outside of cities, the general public doesn't feel equally informed. Environmental activists and land defenders, consisting mostly of Indigenous communities who have been attempting to bring attention to the environmental issues in the country have been met with violence or murder. As a result, the Philippines has been ranked one of the most dangerous places in the world for environmental activists.
The National Museum of the Philippines is an umbrella government organization that oversees a number of national museums in the Philippines including ethnographic, anthropological, archaeological, and visual arts collections. From 1973 until 2021, the National Museum served as the regulatory and enforcement agency of the government of the Philippines in the restoring and safeguarding of significant cultural properties, sites, and reservations throughout the Philippines. The mandate has since been transferred to the National Commission for Culture and the Arts.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the Philippines:
The Philippines has five types of climates: tropical rainforest, tropical monsoon, tropical savanna, humid subtropical and oceanic characterized by relatively high temperature, oppressive humidity and plenty of rainfall. There are two seasons in the country, the wet season and the dry season, based upon the amount of rainfall. This is also dependent on location in the country as some areas experience rain all throughout the year. Based on temperature, the warmest months of the year are March through October; the winter monsoon brings cooler air from November to February. May is the warmest month, and January, the coolest.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city and metropolitan area of Manila, the capital city of the Philippines.
Filipinos in the New York metropolitan area constitute one of the fastest growing ethnicities in the United States, and one of the largest and most prominent Filipino diasporas in the Western Hemisphere. By 2014 Census estimates, the New York City-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT-PA Combined Statistical Area was home to 262,375 Filipino Americans, 221,612 (84.5%) of them uniracial Filipinos.
Julio Cabral Teehankee is a Filipino political scientist. He is Full Professor of Political Science and International Studies at De La Salle University (DLSU) where he served as Chair of the Political Science Department (1994–2007); Chair of the International Studies Department (2008–2013); and Dean of the College of Liberal Arts (2013–2017).
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Metro Manila: