The islands are home to several endemic genera.
Birdlife International defines Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) as places where the breeding ranges of two or more range-restricted species—those with breeding ranges of less than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi)—overlap. In order to qualify, the whole of the breeding range of at least two range-restricted species must fall entirely within the EBA. [1] The entire Galápagos Islands archipelago is considered to be an Endemic Bird Area. [2] Ten Important Bird Areas, which are areas which meet a specific set of internationally agreed criteria, fall within the EBA's boundaries. [2]
| Conservation status | |
|---|---|
| EX | Extinct (0 species) |
| EW | Extinct in the wild (0 species) |
| CR | Critically Endangered (2 species) |
| EN | Endangered (2 species) |
| VU | Vulnerable (9 species) |
| NT | Near threatened (2 species) |
| LC | Least concern (11 species) |
| Taxon. order [nb 1] | Common name | Picture | Scientific name | Distribution and habitat | IUCN status [nb 2] | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Galápagos dove |  | Zenaida galapagoensis | NT IUCN | ||
| 2 | Galápagos crake |  | Laterallus spilonota | Highlands of the main islands (except Floreana) [5] | VU IUCN | Also known as Galápagos rail [6] |
| 3 | Lava gull |  | Leucophaeus fuliginosus | VU IUCN | ||
| 4 | Galápagos penguin |  | Spheniscus mendiculus | EN IUCN | ||
| 5 | Flightless cormorant |  | Phalacrocorax harrisi | Coastal areas on Fernandina and northern and western Isabela [7] | VU IUCN | |
| 6 | Lava heron |  | Butorides sundevalli | Rocky shores and marine lagoons on islands throughout [8] | LC IUCN | Considered by some authorities (including BirdLife International and the American Ornithological Society) to be a subspecies of the striated heron [9] [10] |
| 7 | Galápagos hawk |  | Buteo galapagoensis | All habitats throughout the islands, except on Genovesa, San Cristóbal, and Floreana [11] | VU IUCN | |
| 8 | Large-billed flycatcher |  | Myiarchus magnirostris | LC IUCN | ||
| 9 | Galapagos mockingbird |  | Mimus parvulus | LC IUCN | ||
| 10 | Floreana mockingbird | Mimus trifasciatus | EN IUCN | Also known as Charles Island mockingbird | ||
| 11 | Hood mockingbird |  | Mimus macdonaldi | VU IUCN | Also known as Española mockingbird | |
| 12 | San Cristóbal mockingbird |  | Mimus melanotis | NT IUCN | Also known as Chatham mockingbird | |
| 13 | Large ground finch |  | Geospiza magnirostris | LC IUCN | ||
| 14 | Medium ground finch |  | Geospiza fortis | LC IUCN | ||
| 15 | Small ground finch |  | Geospiza fuliginosa | LC IUCN | ||
| 16 | Sharp-beaked ground finch |  | Geospiza difficilis | LC IUCN | ||
| 17 | Common cactus finch |  | Geospiza scandens | LC IUCN | ||
| 18 | Española cactus finch |  | Geospiza conirostris | VU IUCN | ||
| 19 | Vegetarian finch |  | Geospiza crassirostris | LC IUCN | ||
| 20 | Large tree finch | Camarhynchus psittacula | VU IUCN | |||
| 21 | Medium tree finch |  | Camarhynchus pauper | CR IUCN | ||
| 22 | Small tree finch |  | Camarhynchus parvulus | LC IUCN | ||
| 23 | Woodpecker finch |  | Camarhynchus pallidus | VU IUCN | ||
| 24 | Mangrove finch |  | Camarhynchus heliobates | CR IUCN | ||
| 25 | Green warbler-finch |  | Certhidea olivacea | VU IUCN | Sometimes considered conspecific with the grey warbler-finch [12] | |
| 26 | Grey warbler-finch |  | Certhidea fusca | LC IUCN |
The Galapagos crake, also called the Galapagos rail and Darwin's rail, is a Vulnerable species of rail in subfamily Rallinae of family Rallidae, the rails, gallinules, and coots. It is endemic to the Galápagos Islands. It resembles its sister species, the black rail of the Americas, from which it diverged 1.2 million years ago.
The grey-tailed mountaingem, also variously spelled gray-tailed mountaingem, grey-tailed mountain-gem, or gray-tailed mountain-gem, is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Costa Rica.
The white-throated mountaingem or white-throated mountain-gem is a species of hummingbird in tribe Lampornithini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Panama.
The Coiba spinetail is a member of the family Furnariidae (ovenbirds) that is endemic to Coiba and Ranchería Islands, Panama.
The indigo-capped hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Colombia.
The purple-throated sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The crescent-chested puffbird is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is endemic to Brazil.
The Colima pygmy owl is a species of owl in the family Strigidae. It is endemic to the western part of Mexico.
The Azuero dove or brown-backed dove is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Panama.
The Maranon pigeon, Peruvian pigeon or Salvin's pigeon is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The Colombian crake is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Panama.
The paint-billed crake is a species of bird in the subfamily Rallinae of the rail, crake, and coot family Rallidae. It is found in Costa Rica, Panama, every mainland South American country except Chile and Uruguay, and the Galápagos Islands.
The grey-crowned tanager or grey-crowned palm-tanager is a Near Threatened species of bird in the family Phaenicophilidae, the Hispaniolan tanagers. It is endemic to the Caribbean island of Hispaniola, in both the Dominican Republic and Haiti.
The Venezuelan parakeet or Emma's conure is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The Mérida sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Venezuela.
The Mexican hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to Mexico.
The cinnamon-sided hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to the Mexican state of Oaxaca.
The cinereous owl or Mexican barred owl, is an owl that is endemic to Mexico.