| Name | Source | Type |
|---|
| Raas | Master of Orion III | |
| Rabotevs | Harry Turtledove's Worldwar book series | A subject species of the Race in the Worldwar book series |
| The Race | Moreau series | Amoeboid |
| The Race | Harry Turtledove's Worldwar book series | Reptilian, often called "Lizards" by humans due to their appearance. |
| Rachni | Mass Effect | Insectoid species driven to the brink of extinction by the Krogan. |
| Radicles | OK K.O.! Let's Be Heroes | |
| Raiel | Peter F. Hamilton's Pandora's Star | |
| Rako-Gorda | Utopia | |
| Raloi | Mass Effect | Avian species forced to withdraw from the Milky Way due to the arrival of the Reapers. |
| Ram Pythons | Battlelords of the 23rd Century | |
| Rancors | Star Wars | |
| Raptors | Nexus: The Jupiter Incident | |
| Raxacoricofallapatorians | Doctor Who | |
| Reapers | Doctor Who | |
| Reapers | Mass Effect | Large robotic species modeled after cuttlefish. Operate on cyclical, genocidal programming. |
| Reapers | X-COM: UFO Defense | |
| Regul | C. J. Cherryh's Alliance-Union universe | |
| Relgarians | Farscape | Humanoid |
| Remans | Star Trek | Humanoid |
| Re'ol | Stargate SG-1 | Humanoid |
| Replicators | Stargate SG-1 | Artificial lifeform. Two variants are known to exist, in a small mechanical insect shape as well as full humanoid. |
| Re'tu | Stargate SG-1 | |
| Rigellians | Lensman books | Barrel-shaped with four tentacular arms and four stubby legs |
| Rigellians (including Kang and Kodos) | The Simpsons | |
| Riim | The Voyage of the Space Beagle by A. E. van Vogt | |
| Rills | Doctor Who | |
| Rimerunner | Expedition | |
| Rimmer | Red Dwarf | Hologram-humanoid |
| Risians | Star Trek | Risians are extremely open and will freely share their planet, and even themselves, with vacationers – a practice known as "Jamaharon". |
| Robotech Masters | Robotech | |
| Rodians | Star Wars | |
| Roger the Alien | American Dad! | |
| Rogue Simulants | Red Dwarf | Humanoid |
| Romulans | Star Trek | Humanoid |
| Rull | The War against the Rull by A. E. van Vogt | |
| Rutans | Doctor Who | |
| Ryouko Asakura | The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya | Humanoid interface |
| Ryqril | Timothy Zahn's The Blackcollar | |