This is a list of mammals in Virginia, including both current and recently historical inhabitants. Virginia has 77 species of native land mammals (including extirpated species), and the coast is visited by nearly 30 marine mammal species. 11 species or subspecies of native Virginian mammals are listed as endangered or threatened by the state Department of Wildlife Resources (DWR). Species which are presumed extirpated are crossed out.
| Name | Species | Family | Conservation status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IUCN Red List | State (NatureServe) | |||
| Virginia opossum | Didelphis virginiana | Didelphidae |  | Secure (S5) |
| Name | Species / subspecies | Family | Conservation status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IUCN Red List | Federal (ESA) | State (Virginia DWR) | State (NatureServe) | |||
| American beaver | Castor canadensis | Castoridae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Southern red-backed vole | Clethrionomys gapperi | Cricetidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Rock vole | Microtus chrotorrhinus | Cricetidae | | State endangered | Critically imperiled (S1) | |
| Meadow vole | Microtus pennsylvanicus | Cricetidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Woodland vole | Microtus pinetorum | Cricetidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Allegheny woodrat | Neotoma magister | Cricetidae |  | Vulnerable (S3) | ||
| Golden mouse | Ochrotomys nuttalli | Cricetidae | | Apparently secure (S4) | ||
| Muskrat | Ondatra zibethicus | Cricetidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Marsh rice rat | Oryzomys palustris | Cricetidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Cotton mouse | Peromyscus gossypinus | Cricetidae | | Vulnerable (S3) | ||
| White-footed mouse | Peromyscus leucopus | Cricetidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Eastern deer mouse | Peromyscus maniculatus | Cricetidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Eastern harvest mouse | Reithrodontomys humulis | Cricetidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Hispid cotton rat | Sigmodon hispidus | Cricetidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Southern bog lemming | Synaptomys cooperi | Cricetidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Nutria | Myocastor coypus | Echimyidae | | SNA - introduced | ||
| North American porcupine | Erethizon dorsatum | Erethizontidae | | Critically imperiled (S1) | ||
| House mouse | Mus musculus | Muridae | | SNA - introduced | ||
| Brown rat | Rattus norvegicus | Muridae | | SNA - introduced | ||
| Black rat | Rattus rattus | Muridae | | SNA - introduced | ||
| Carolina northern flying squirrel | Glaucomys sabrinus coloratus | Sciuridae | Endangered | State endangered | Critically imperiled (S1) | |
| Virginia northern flying squirrel | Glaucomys sabrinus fuscus | Sciuridae | Critically imperiled (S1) | |||
| Southern flying squirrel | Glaucomys volans | Sciuridae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Woodchuck | Marmota monax | Sciuridae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Eastern gray squirrel | Sciurus carolinensis | Sciuridae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Eastern fox squirrel | Sciurus niger | Sciuridae | | Apparently secure (S4) | ||
| Eastern chipmunk | Tamias striatus | Sciuridae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| American red squirrel | Tamiasciurus hudsonicus | Sciuridae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Woodland jumping mouse | Napaeozapus insignis | Zapodidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Meadow jumping mouse | Zapus hudsonius | Zapodidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Name | Species | Family | Conservation status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IUCN Red List | State (Virginia DWR) | State (NatureServe) | |||
| | Leporidae | | State endangered | Presumed extirpated (SX) | |
| Black-tailed jackrabbit | Lepus californicus | Leporidae | | SNA - introduced | |
| Eastern cottontail | Sylvilagus floridanus | Leporidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| Appalachian cottontail | Sylvilagus obscurus | Leporidae | | Apparently secure (S4) | |
| Marsh rabbit | Sylvilagus palustris | Leporidae | | Vulnerable (S3) | |
| Name | Species | Family | Conservation status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IUCN Red List | State (Virginia DWR) | State (NatureServe) | |||
| Northern short-tailed shrew | Blarina brevicauda | Soricidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| Southern short-tailed shrew | Blarina carolinensis | Soricidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| North American least shrew | Cryptotis parva | Soricidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| Cinereus shrew | Sorex cinereus | Soricidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| Long-tailed shrew | Sorex dispar | Soricidae | | Vulnerable (S3) | |
| Smoky shrew | Sorex fumeus | Soricidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| American pygmy shrew | Sorex hoyi | Soricidae | | Apparently secure (S4) | |
| Southeastern shrew | Sorex longirostris | Soricidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| American water shrew | Sorex palustris | Soricidae | | State endangered | No status rank (NSR) |
| Star-nosed mole | Condylura cristata | Talpidae | | Apparently secure (S4) | |
| Hairy-tailed mole | Parascalops breweri | Talpidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| Eastern mole | Scalopus aquaticus | Talpidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| Name | Species / subspecies | Family | Conservation status | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IUCN Red List | Federal (ESA) | State (Virginia DWR) | State (NatureServe) | |||
| Rafinesque's big-eared bat | Corynorhinus rafinesquii | Vespertilionidae | | State endangered | Imperiled (S2) | |
| Virginia big-eared bat | Corynorhinus townsendii virginianus | Vespertilionidae | Endangered | State endangered | Critically imperiled (S1) | |
| Big brown bat | Eptesicus fuscus | Vespertilionidae | | Secure (S5) | ||
| Silver-haired bat | Lasionycteris noctivagans | Vespertilionidae | | Apparently secure (S4) | ||
| Eastern red bat | Lasiurus borealis | Vespertilionidae | | Apparently secure (S4) | ||
| Hoary bat | Lasiurus cinereus | Vespertilionidae | | Vulnerable (S3) | ||
| Northern yellow bat | Lasiurus intermedius | Vespertilionidae | | |||
| Seminole bat | Lasiurus seminolus | Vespertilionidae | | |||
| Southeastern myotis | Myotis austroriparius | Vespertilionidae | | Imperiled (S2) | ||
| Gray bat | Myotis grisescens | Vespertilionidae |  | Endangered | State endangered | Critically imperiled (S1) |
| Eastern small-footed myotis | Myotis leibii | Vespertilionidae |  | Imperiled (S2) | ||
| Little brown bat | Myotis lucifugus | Vespertilionidae | | State endangered | Imperiled (S2) | |
| Northern long-eared bat | Myotis septentrionalis | Vespertilionidae | | Endangered | State threatened | Imperiled (S2) |
| Indiana bat | Myotis sodalis | Vespertilionidae | | Endangered | State endangered | Critically imperiled (S1) |
| Evening bat | Nycticeius humeralis | Vespertilionidae | | Apparently secure (S4) | ||
| Tricolored bat | Perimyotis subflavus | Vespertilionidae | | State endangered | Imperiled (S2) | |
| Mexican free-tailed bat | Tadarida brasiliensis | Vespertilionidae | | |||
| Name | Species | Family | Conservation status | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IUCN Red List | Federal (ESA) | State (NatureServe) | |||
| Coyote | Canis latrans | Canidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| | Canidae | | Endangered | Presumed extirpated (SX) | |
| | Canidae | | Endangered | Presumed extirpated (SX) | |
| Gray fox | Urocyon cinereoargenteus | Canidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| Red fox | Vulpes vulpes | Canidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| Bobcat | Lynx rufus | Felidae | | Apparently secure (S4) | |
| Felidae | | Presumed extirpated (SX) | |||
| Striped skunk | Mephitis mephitis | Mephitidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| Eastern spotted skunk | Spilogale putorius | Mephitidae | | Vulnerable (S3) | |
| North American river otter | Lontra canadensis | Mustelidae | | Apparently secure (S4) | |
| Least weasel | Mustela nivalis | Mustelidae | | Vulnerable (S3) | |
| Long-tailed weasel | Neogale frenata | Mustelidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| American mink | Neogale vison | Mustelidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| Fisher | Pekania pennanti | Mustelidae | | Endangered | Critically imperiled (S1) |
| Harbor seal | Phoca vitulina | Phocidae | | ||
| Common raccoon | Procyon lotor | Procyonidae | | Secure (S5) | |
| American black bear | Ursus americanus | Ursidae | | Apparently secure (S4) | |
| Name | Species | Family | Conservation status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IUCN Red List | State (NatureServe) | |||
| | Bovidae | | Presumed extirpated (SX) | |
| Elk | Cervus canadensis | Cervidae | | Reintroduced [1] |
| Sika deer | Cervus nippon | Cervidae | | SNA - introduced |
| White-tailed deer | Odocoileus virginianus | Cervidae | | Secure (S5) |
| Wild boar | Sus scrofa | Suidae | | SNA - introduced |
| Name | Species | Family | Conservation status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IUCN Red List | Federal (ESA) | |||
| West Indian manatee | Trichechus manatus | Trichechidae | | Threatened |
The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, also known as the IUCN Red List or Red Data Book, founded in 1964, is an inventory of the global conservation status and extinction risk of biological species. A series of Regional Red Lists, which assess the risk of extinction to species within a political management unit, are also produced by countries and organizations.
The swift fox is a small light orange-tan fox around the size of a domestic cat found in the western grasslands of North America, such as Montana, Colorado, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma and Texas. It also lives in southern Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta in Canada, where it was previously extirpated. It is closely related to the kit fox and some mammalogists classify them as conspecific. However, molecular systematics imply that the two species are distinct. Interbreeding between the two species does occur where their ranges overlap, but this hybridization is quite restricted in scope.
The frosted flatwoods salamander is an endangered salamander species native to the Southeastern United States.
Potentilla hickmanii is an endangered perennial herb of the rose family. This rare plant species is found in a narrowly restricted range in two locations in coastal northern California, in Monterey County, and in very small colonies in San Mateo County. This small wildflower, endemic to western slopes of the outer coastal range along the Pacific Ocean coast, produces bright yellow blossoms through spring and summer.
The fauna of Canada consist of approximately 200 mammal species, over 460 native bird species, 43 amphibian species, 43 reptile species, and 1,200 fish species. The biology survey of Canada cites that there are approximately 55,000 species of insects, and 11,000 species of mites and spiders.
Echinacea laevigata, the smooth purple coneflower, is a federally listed threatened species of plant found in the Piedmont of the eastern United States. Most populations are found on roadsides and other open areas with plenty of sunlight, often on calcium- and magnesium- rich soils.
The cotton mouse is a species of rodent in the family Cricetidae found in the woodlands of the US South.
The oldfield mouse, oldfield deermouse or beach mouse is a nocturnal species of rodent in the family Cricetidae that primarily eats seeds. It lives in holes throughout the Southeastern United States in beaches and sandy fields. Predators to these mice include birds and mammals. In 2016, these mice were in the least concern category on the IUCN Red List with certain subspecies classified as extinct, critically endangered, endangered or near threatened.
The richness and variety of the wildlife of Ethiopia is dictated by the great diversity of terrain with wide variations in climate, soils, natural vegetation and settlement patterns. Ethiopia contains a vast highland complex of mountains and dissected plateaus divided by the Great Rift Valley, which runs generally southwest to northeast and is surrounded by lowlands, steppes, or semi-desert.
The crest-tailed mulgara is a small to medium-sized Australian carnivorous marsupial and a member of the family Dasyuridae which includes quolls, dunnarts, numbats, the endangered Tasmanian devil and the extinct thylacine. The crest-tailed mulgara is among a group of native predatory mammals or mesopredators endemic to arid Australia.
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching, invasive species, and climate change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List lists the global conservation status of many species, and various other agencies assess the status of species within particular areas. Many nations have laws that protect conservation-reliant species which, for example, forbid hunting, restrict land development, or create protected areas. Some endangered species are the target of extensive conservation efforts such as captive breeding and habitat restoration.
The wildlife of Canada or biodiversity of Canada consist of over 80,000 classified species, and an equal number thought yet to be recognized. Known fauna and flora have been identified from five kingdoms: protozoa represent approximately 1% of recorded species; chromist ; fungis ; plants ; and animals. Insects account for nearly 70 percent of documented animal species in Canada. More than 300 species are found exclusively in Canada.
The West Virginia State Wildlife Center is a zoological park in French Creek, West Virginia. Operated by the West Virginia Division of Natural Resources, the Wildlife Center displays many of West Virginia's wildlife, including both native and introduced species. A few of the animals at the Wildlife Center were once found naturally in West Virginia, but were extirpated by the early 1900s.
Cardamine micranthera is a rare species of flowering plant in the mustard family known by the common names small-anthered bittercress and streambank bittercress. It is endemic to the Piedmont region around the border between Virginia and North Carolina, and is today restricted to the Dan River watershed. It is in decline mainly because its habitat has been disturbed and destroyed by a number of processes. By the 1960s the only known populations of the plant had disappeared and in the 1970s it was feared extinct. The plant was rediscovered in the 1980s and for a while was presumed to be a rare North Carolina endemic; populations in Virginia have been confirmed since. The plant was federally listed as an endangered species in 1989 when it was known from only four tiny populations on unprotected private land. Today there are about 32 occurrences; one occurrence in North Carolina has been extirpated and five others there had no specimens found at the most recent survey.
Clematis morefieldii is a rare species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common names Morefield's leather flower and Huntsville vasevine.
The Western Allegheny Plateau is an ecoregion of the Temperate broadleaf and mixed forests Biome, located on the western Allegheny Plateau and in the Appalachia region of the Eastern United States.
The wildlife of the Channel Islands of California is wide and diverse, including many endemic species. While the land wildlife is slightly limited, there being only one large, naturally predatory, and native mammal, the small island fox, marine life can include anything from kelp forests to great white sharks.
