List of mammals of Florida

Last updated

Dolphin, state saltwater mammal; Florida panther, state animal; and manatee, state marine mammal Florida State Mammals.png
Dolphin, state saltwater mammal; Florida panther, state animal; and manatee, state marine mammal

This is a list of mammal species found in the wild in the American state of Florida . One hundred sixteen species of mammals are known to inhabit, or have recently inhabited, the state and its surrounding waters. This includes a few species, such as the black-tailed jackrabbit and red deer, that were introduced after the arrival of Europeans. It also includes the extinct Caribbean monk seal and Florida black wolf. Rodents account for roughly one quarter of all species, followed closely by mammals from the families Cetacea and Carnivora.

Contents

The species included in this list are drawn from the work of the American Society of Mammalogists (ASM), which compiled information from five different publications. [3] Information on the international conservation status of species has been drawn from the IUCN Red List.

Chiroptera

Of the bats listed below, thirteen are confirmed to be resident species - all of them are insectivorous. Eight species had very low numbers reported, and can be classified as accidental species: the Indiana bat, Jamaican fruit bat, buffy flower bat, Cuban flower bat, Cuban fig-eating bat, little brown bat, northern long-eared myotis, and the silver-haired bat. [4]

Bats can be classified in two groups by their roosting habits: solitary-roosting and colony-roosting bats.

Solitary bats prefer to live in leaves, palm fronds, and Spanish moss. Resident bats in this category are the eastern red bat, the northern yellow bat, and the Seminole bat. Hoary bats are not considered residents, because they migrate to Mexico and South America to spend the winter, but are considered a native species. [5]

The remaining species are considered to be colony-roosting bats. Darker than their solitary counterparts and less furry, these bats prefer to live under bridges, in tree holes or caves. Only three Florida species live in caves: the eastern pipistrelle, the gray bat and the southeastern myotis. Florida has the highest concentration of southeastern myotis in the world. [5]

The greatest threat to bats in Florida is the disturbance or destruction of roost sites, due to either vandalism or urban development. [5]

Common nameScientific name

authority

ASM state status and native range [3] Red list
Family Molossidae: Free-tailed bats
Florida bonneted bat

Florida bonneted bat (Eumops floridanus).jpg

Eumops floridanus
(Allen, 1932)
rare, endemic to southern Florida
Fl mammals vu.svg
[6]
Velvety free-tailed bat

Molossus molossus molossus 1847.jpg

Molossus molossus
(Pallas, 1766)
rare; Lower Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[7]
Mexican free-tailed bat

Tadarida brasiliensis.gif

Tadarida brasiliensis
(I. Geoffroy, 1824)
common, statewide except for Keys

Fl mammals lc.svg [8]

Family Mormoopidae
Antillean ghost-faced bat

Mormoops blainvillii.jpg

Mormoops blainvillei
(Leach, 1821)
rare, Lower Keys only [9]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[10]
Ghost-faced bat

Mormoops megalophylla.JPG

Mormoops megalophylla
(Peters, 1864)
extirpated [11]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[12]
Pristine mustached bat Pteronotus pristinus
(Silva-Taboada, 1974)
Extinct
Fl mammals ex.svg
Family Phyllostomidae: Leaf-nosed bats
Jamaican fruit bat

Artibeus jamaicensis1.jpg

Artibeus jamaicensis
(Leach, 1821)
rare, Lower Keys only
Fl mammals lc.svg
[13]
Buffy flower bat

Erophylla sezekorni.jpg

Erophylla sezekorni
(Gundlach, 1860)
rare; Lower Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[14]
Cuban flower bat Phyllonycteris poeyi
(Gundlach, 1860)
rare; Lower Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[15]
Cuban fig-eating bat

Phyllops falcatum.jpg

Phyllops falcatus
(Gray, 1839)
rare; Lower Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[16]
Family Vespertilionidae: Vesper bats
Rafinesque's big-eared bat

Corynorhinus rafinesquii.JPG

Corynorhinus rafinesquii
Lesson, 1827
rare, statewide except southern tip of peninsula and Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[17]
Big brown bat

Big brown bat.jpg

Eptesicus fuscus
(Beauvois, 1796)
common statewide except for Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[18]
Silver-haired bat

Lasionycteris noctivagans1.jpg

Lasionycteris noctivagans
(La Conte, 1831)
rare; known only from north Santa Rosa County and possibly north Nassau County
Fl mammals lc.svg
[19]
Eastern red bat

Lasiurus borealis 2.jpg

Lasiurus borealis
(Müller, 1776)
uncommon; panhandle and northern quarter of peninsula

Fl mammals lc.svg [20]

Hoary bat

Lasurius cinereus.jpg

Lasiurus cinereus
(Beauvois, 1796)
uncommon, panhandle and northern half of peninsula
Fl mammals lc.svg
[21]
Northern yellow bat Lasiurus intermedius
H. Allen, 1862
common statewide except southern tip of peninsula and Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[22]
Seminole bat

Seminole bat.jpg

Lasiurus seminolus
(Rhoads, 1895)
common, statewide except southern tip of peninsula and Keys

Fl mammals lc.svg [23]

Southeastern myotis

Myotis austroriparius.jpg

Myotis austroriparius
(Rhoads, 1897)
common; cave habitats in panhandle and, disjunct, northeastern and northcentral peninsula
Fl mammals lc.svg
[24]
Gray bat

Myotis grisescens hibernating.jpg

Myotis griscens
A.H. Howell, 1909
rare, known only from panhandle, Marianna area
Fl mammals en.svg
[25]
Little brown bat

Little Brown Myotis (cropped).JPG

Myotis lucifugus
(La Conte, 1831)
rare, known only from panhandle and Okaloosa County
Fl mammals en.svg
[26]
Northern long-eared myotis

Myotis septentrionalis 1870.jpg

Myotis septentrionalis
(Trouessart, 1897)
rare/accidental or possibly extirpated, [27] known only from panhandle, Marianna and Jackson counties
Fl mammals nt.svg
[28]
Indiana bat

Indiana Bat FWS.jpg

Myotis sodalis
Miller & Allen, 1922
rare, known only from panhandle, Marianna and Jackson counties
Fl mammals en.svg
[29]
Evening bat

Evening bat.jpg

Nycticeius humeralis
(Rafinesque, 1818)
uncommon; panhandle and northern quarter of peninsula
Fl mammals lc.svg
[30]
Eastern pipistrelle

Perimyotis subflavus picture cropped.jpg

Perimyotis subflavus
(F. Cuvier, 1832)
uncommon; panhandle and northern half of peninsula
Fl mammals vu.svg
[31]

Carnivorans

Florida panther Florida Panther.jpg
Florida panther

Coyotes arrived in northern Florida in the 1970s as their natural range expanded. Illegal releases, as well as the extirpation of the red wolf and gray wolf from the state, were factors in their occupation of the state. Coyotes are extremely adaptable, living in all types of forests and farms. [32]

Florida has two types of foxes. The native gray fox can be found in the United States almost anywhere, except the northern plains and Rockies. It is sometimes confused with the red fox due to having patches of red hair. [33] The red fox was introduced to Florida by hunting clubs, although it may have been native in the northern panhandle. Its preferred habitats are open areas, while the gray fox prefers woods. [34]

Red wolves were once common throughout the southeastern US, including Florida. Extinct in the wild in 1980, it has been progressively introduced to select nature preserves. The present population was introduced as part of this recovery program in 1997 to the Saint Vincent National Refuge; [35] once red wolf pups reach 18 months, they are relocated to the North Carolina portion of the program. [36] A subspecies of red wolf, the Florida black wolf (Canis rufus floridanus) was also endemic to the state, but became extinct in the 19th century.

Bobcats are well adapted to urban development and are not a conservation concern. They make their home in hammocks, forests or swamps. [37]

The Florida panther is a population of cougars found in Florida. It differs from other populations by having longer legs, a smaller size, and a shorter darker coat. The skull of the Florida panther is broader and flatter with highly arched nasal bones. [38] Reportedly only seventy adult animals are alive, [39] and a 1992 study estimated that the subspecies would become extinct between 2016 and 2055. [40] It was chosen in 1982 as the Florida state animal by the state's schoolchildren. [41]

Two of the eleven species of skunks live in Florida. Both the eastern spotted skunk and the striped skunk can be found statewide (except for the Keys).

Small populations of the Everglades mink (Neogale vison evergladensis), a subspecies of American mink, are encountered near Lake Okeechobee, and in the Big Cypress Swamp-Everglades National Park area. [42]

North American river otters are a common sight close to freshwater streams in Florida. The population is increasing. [43]

Raccoons are prevalent in the contiguous 48 states, including Florida. Adaptable to almost all kinds of habitats, they are among the few which actually benefit from human development, since food becomes more available. Attacks by predators like the bobcat cause minimum mortality, and the main reason for raccoon deaths is considered to be car accidents. [44] They are predators of sea turtle nests. [45]

The Florida black bear (Ursus americanus floridanus) is a subspecies of the American black bear. Differences between subspecies are very small; the Florida black bear has a highly arched forehead and a long and narrow braincase. [46] Estimates for 2002 indicated the number of bears statewide to be between 2,000 and 3,200, indicating an increase from the previous census in 1998. The biggest cause of concern is roadkill, although the rates of mortality are equivalent to other areas in the country. [47]

Florida does not have seal colonies, but stray seals come ashore in Florida occasionally. The most prevalent of those have been the common seal and the hooded seal, although a bearded seal was seen in 2007. [48] The Caribbean monk seal was native to the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. Once a popular prey for Bahamas fishermen, their numbers diminished greatly in the 1800s. The last sighting of the species in Florida was in 1922, and specimens have not been seen anywhere since 1952. [49]

Common nameScientific name

authority

ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Felidae: Felines
Ocelot

Ocelot (Jaguatirica) Zoo Itatiba.jpg

Leopardus pardalis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
extirpated [50]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[51]
Bobcat

Florida Bobcat.jpg

Lynx rufus
(Schreber, 1777)
common; peninsula and northern Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
Jaguar

Jaguar full.jpg

Panthera onca
(Linnaeus, 1758)
extirpated [52]
Fl mammals nt.svg
[53]
Florida panther

Puma concolor coryi.jpg

Puma concolor
(Linnaeus, 1771)
endemic and rare; restricted to Green Swamp and Big Cypress areas in SW peninsula
Fl mammals en.svg
Family Canidae: Canines
Coyote

Coyote 243FL, NPSPhoto (9257897172).jpg

Canis latrans
Say, 1823
uncommon or locally common statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[54]
Gray wolf

Canis lupus 265b.jpg

Canis lupus
Linnaeus, 1758
extirpated [55]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[56]
Red wolf

Red wolf (4531335218).jpg

Canis rufus
(Audubon & Bachman, 1851)
rare; introduced on St. Vincent Island, extirpated elsewhere
Fl mammals cr.svg
[57]
Florida black wolf

FloridaBlackWolf.jpg

C. r. floridanus
Miller, 1912
extinct
Fl mammals ex.svg
Gray fox

GrayFoxApr04NFla.jpg

Urocyon cinereoargenteus
(Schreber, 1775)
uncommon or locally common statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[58]
Red fox

Red Fox Lateral.JPG

Vulpes vulpes
(Linnaeus, 1758)
uncommon or locally common statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[59]
Family Ursidae: Bears
Black bear

A Florida Black Bear.jpg

Ursus americanus
(Pallas, 1780)
rare or uncommon; localized populations statewide except Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[60]
Family Procyonidae: Raccoons and allies
Kinkajou

Potos flavus (8973438737).jpg

Potos flavus
(Schreber, 1774)
introduced [61]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[62]
Common raccoon

Procyon lotor (Common raccoon).jpg

Procyon lotor
(Linnaeus, 1758)
abundant, statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[63]
White-nosed coati

Nasuanarica1.jpg

Nasua narica
Linnaeus, 1766
introduced [64]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[65]
South American coati

Nasenbaer Nasua nasua Zoo Augsburg-04.jpg

Nasua nasua
Linnaeus, 1766
introduced; Miami-Dade County [66]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[67]
Family Mustelidae: Mustelids
Northern river otter

LutraCanadensis fullres.jpg

Lontra canadensis
(Schreber, 1777)
locally common, mostly freshwater habitats, primarily rivers and streams, statewide except Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[68]
European polecat

Storm the polecat.jpg

Mustela putorius
Linnaeus, 1758
introduced [69]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[70]
Long-tailed weasel

Mustela frenata.jpg

Neogale frenata
(Lichtenstein, 1831)
rare; statewide except Everglades and Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[71]
American mink

MustelaVison001.JPG

Neogale vison
(Schreber, 1777)
rare; coastal marshes in west Panhandle, Big Bend area, northeast area, and Everglades
Fl mammals lc.svg
[72]
American badger

Taxidea taxus (Point Reyes, 2007).jpg

Taxidea taxus
(Schreber, 1777)
uncommon; Gulf coast [73]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[74]
Family Mephitidae: Skunks
American hog-nosed skunk

Hog-nosed-skunk.png

Conepatus leuconotus
(Lichtenstein, 1832)
extirpated [75]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[76]
Striped skunk

Striped skunk Florida.jpg

Mephitis mephitis
(Schreber, 1776)
common; statewide except Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[77]
Eastern spotted skunk

Spilogale putorius (2).jpg

Spilogale putorius
(Linnaeus, 1758)
common; statewide except northeast corner and Keys
Fl mammals vu.svg
[78]
Superfamily Pinnipedia: Pinnipeds
Family Otariidae: Eared seals
California sea lion

Sea Lions At La Jolla Cove - 32.jpg

Zalophus californianus
(Lesson, 1828)
introduced; accidental sightings had occurred in Florida's Gulf coast of wandering individuals from Mobile Bay, Alabama [79]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[80]
Family Phocidae: Earless seals
Hooded seal

Klappmuetze.jpg

Cystophora cristata
(Erxleben, 1777)
rare; east coastal marine areas to Central Florida
Fl mammals lc.svg
[81]
Bearded seal

Bearded Seal.jpg

Erignathus barbatus
(Erxleben, 1777)
rare; east coastal marine areas to Central Florida
Fl mammals lc.svg
[82]
Caribbean monk seal

Monachus tropicalis.jpg

Neomonachus tropicalis
(Erxleben, 1777)
extinct
Fl mammals ex.svg
[83]
Gray seal

Donna Nook NNR - Grey Seal pupping and breeding season - 38804871202.jpg

Halichoerus grypus
(O. Fabricius, 1791)
rare [84]
Fl mammals lc.svg
Harbor seal

Seehund2cele4.jpg

Phoca vitulina
(Linnaeus, 1758)
rare; east coastal marine areas to Central Florida
Fl mammals lc.svg
[85]

Cetaceans

Common bottlenose dolphin in Boca Raton Dolphin in water, Boca Raton.jpg
Common bottlenose dolphin in Boca Raton

Of the several whales seen close to Florida, the most frequent and notable visitor is the North Atlantic right whale. Named as such because they were the "right" whales to kill, their only known calving ground is located off the coasts of Georgia and Florida. Pregnant females migrate from feeding grounds located far north and deliver calves from mid-December to March. [86] Humpback whales are also re-colonizing the area while gray whales, once cavorting off Florida for the same reasons as the right whales, were extirpated from the Atlantic in the 17th and 18th centuries. [87]

The most common dolphin in the state is the common bottlenose dolphin. Dolphins, like manatees, are vulnerable to red tide and have mass fatalities when one occurs. [88] Dolphins were designated the Florida state saltwater mammal in 1975. [89]

Common nameScientific name

authority

ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Balaenidae: Right whales
Southern right whale

Southern right whale6.jpg

Eubalaena australis
(Desmoulins, 1822)
vagrant; Atlantic coast [90]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[91]
North Atlantic right whale

Eubalaena glacialis with calf.jpg

Eubalaena glacialis
(Linnaeus, 1758)
regular migrant (in very small number)
Fl mammals cr.svg
[92]
Family Balaenopteridae: Rorquals
Common minke whale

Minke.jpg

Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Lacépède, 1804
rare
Fl mammals lc.svg
[93]
Sei whale

Balaenoptera borealis 3.jpg

Balaenoptera borealis
(Lesson, 1828)
rare
Fl mammals en.svg
[94]
Rice's whale

GoM Bryde's Whale.jpg

Balaenoptera ricei
Rosel et al., 2021
resident
Fl mammals cr.svg
[95]
Bryde's whale

Balaenoptera brydei.jpg

Balaenoptera brydei
Anderson, 1878
rare
Fl mammals en.svg
[96]
Blue whale

Blue Whale 001 body bw.jpg

Balaenoptera musculus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
rare
Fl mammals en.svg
[97]
Fin whale

Fin whale from air.jpg

Balaenoptera physalus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
rare
Fl mammals en.svg
[98]
Humpback whale

Humpback Whale underwater shot.jpg

Megaptera novaeangliae
(Borowski, 1781)
common (in small numbers)
Fl mammals lc.svg
[99]
Family Eschrichtiidae: Gray whales
Gray whale

Ballena gris adulta con su ballenato.jpg

Eschrichtius robustus
(Lilljebor, 1861)
extirpated; however in December 2023, a rare sighting of the species was seen at Sunny Isles Beach, which is considered to be the first rediscovered gray whale in Florida since the 18th century [100] [101] [102]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[103]
Family Physeteridae: Sperm whales
Sperm whale

Sperm whale from above.jpg

Physeter macrocephalus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
rare
Fl mammals vu.svg
[104]
Family Kogiidae: Dwarf sperm whales
Pygmy sperm whale

Kogia breviceps.jpg

Kogia breviceps
(Blainville, 1838)
uncommon
Fl mammals dd.svg
[105]
Dwarf sperm whale

Kogia sima.jpg

Kogia sima
(Owen, 1866)
uncommon
Fl mammals dd.svg
[106]
Family Ziphidae: Beaked whales
Northern bottlenose whale

Hyperoodon ampullatus 2.jpg

Hyperoodon ampullatus
(Forster, 1770)
rare; Atlantic coast [107]
Fl mammals nt.svg
[108]
Sowerby's beaked whale

Faroe stamp 197 Mesoplodon bidens.jpg

Mesoplodon bidens
Sowerby, 1804
rare; Gulf coast [109]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[110]
Blainville's beaked whale

Beaked Whale.jpg

Mesoplodon densirostris
(Blainville, 1817)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[111]
Gervais' beaked whale

Gervais' beaked whale size.svg

Mesoplodon europaeus
(Gervais, 1855)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[112]
True's beaked whale

The True's beaked whale photographed underwater.jpg

Mesoplodon mirus
(True, 1913)
rare; Atlantic coast south to Flagler County.
Fl mammals dd.svg
[113]
Cuvier's beaked whale

Ziphius cavirostris NOAA.jpg

Ziphius cavirostris
(G. Cuvier, 1823)
rare

Fl mammals dd.svg [114]

Family Phocoenidae: Porpoises
Harbor porpoise

Phocoena phocoena.2.jpg

Phocoena phocoena
(Linnaeus, 1758)
rare; east coastal marine areas to North Florida [115] [116]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[117]
Family Delphinidae: Oceanic dolphins
Short-beaked common dolphin

Dolphins 300.jpg

Delphinus delphis
(Gray, 1828)
rare
Fl mammals lc.svg
[118]
Pygmy killer whale

Feresa attenuata by OpenCage.jpg

Feresa attenuata
(Gray, 1875)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[119]
Short-finned pilot whale

PilotWhale.jpg

Globicephala macrorhynchus
Gray, 1846
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[120]
Risso's dolphin

Grampus griseus.jpg

Grampus griseus
(G. Cuvier, 1812)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[121]
Fraser's dolphin

Frazer's dolphin group.jpg

Lagenodelphis hosei
(Fraser, 1956)
rare;
Fl mammals dd.svg
[122]
Killer whale

JumpingOrca.jpg

Orcinus orca
(Linnaeus, 1758)
rare though last sighting of the orcas where in the Florida Keys off Key Largo in July 2023. [123] [124] & again spotted migrating from the coast of Fort Pierce to Vero Beach on September 12, 2023. [125] [126]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[127]
Melon-headed whale

Melon-headed whale large.jpg

Peponocephala electra
(Gray, 1846)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[128]
False killer whale

False killer whale 890002.jpg

Pseudorca crassidens
(Owen, 1846)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[129]
Pantropical spotted dolphin

Schlankdelfin.jpg

Stenella attenuata
(Gray, 1846)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[130]
Clymene dolphin

Clymenes.jpg

Stenella clymene
(Gray, 1846)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[131]
Striped dolphin

Stenella coeruleoalba-cropped.jpg

Stenella coeruleoalba
(Meyen, 1833)
rare
Fl mammals lc.svg
[132]
Atlantic spotted dolphin

Stenella frontalis.JPG

Stenella frontalis
(G. Cuvier, 1829)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[133]
Spinner dolphin

SpinnerDolphinsoffKauai 1999-03-15.jpg

Stenella longirostris
(Gray, 1828)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[134]
Rough-toothed dolphin

Rough toothed dolphin.jpg

Steno bredanensis
(G. Cuvier in Lesson, 1828)
rare
Fl mammals dd.svg
[135]
Common bottlenose dolphin

Tursiops truncatus 01-cropped.jpg

Tursiops truncatus
(Montagu, 1821)
common; coastal
Fl mammals lc.svg
[136]
Tamanend's bottlenose dolphin Tursiops erebennus
(Cope, 1865)
rare; coastal
Fl mammals nd.svg

Even-toed ungulates

Key deer Keydeer2.gif
Key deer

The only native even-toed ungulate is the white-tailed deer. It is the most economically important hunting mammal in all of North America, and is one of the major prey animals of the Florida panther. There were only about 20,000 deer in Florida during the late 1930s, and the species was almost extinct in South Florida due to a campaign to eliminate tick-borne diseases. Hunt restraining measures and purchases from other states were very successful bringing the population to more than 700,000 deer statewide. A smaller subspecies, the Key deer, lives only in the Keys and numbers around 800 animals. [137] Sambar deer were introduced in 1908 as alternative game for hunters on Saint Vincent Island. The population is between 700 and 1,000; 130 hunters are licensed per year, and each can kill up to two deer. [138] Some red deer were released from a hunting ranch around 1967 and may still exist as a small herd. [139]

Wild boar found their way to Florida in 1539 with Spanish colonist Hernando de Soto. Florida has 12% of the three million boars that roam in the US. [140] They are a popular hunting prey, but are regarded as a pest, due to the damage they inflict to agriculture and environment. More than 21,000 boar were killed in 1980 alone. [141]

Common nameScientific name
authority
ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Cervidae: Deer
Chital

A chital stag 1.JPG

Axis axis
(Erxleben, 1777)
introduced; uncommon
Fl mammals lc.svg
[142]
Elk

Rocky Mountain Bull Elk.jpg

Cervus canadensis
(Erxleben, 1777)
introduced, possibly extirpated [143]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[144]
Red deer

Cervus elaphus Luc Viatour 6.jpg

Cervus elaphus
Linnaeus, 1758
introduced; single population in Highlands County [145]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[146]
Sika deer

Cervus nippon 002.jpg

Cervus nippon
Temminck, 1838
introduced [147]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[148]
White-tailed deer

White-tailed deer.jpg

Odocoileus virginianus
(Zimmerman, 1780)
common statewide; rare in Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[149]
Key deer

Key deer male.jpg

O. v. clavium
Barbour & G. M. Allen, 1922
only in Everglades or Keys
Fl mammals en.svg
Barasingha

The barasingha.jpg

Rucervus duvaucelii
G. Cuvier, 1823
introduced [150]
Fl mammals vu.svg
[151]
Sambar deer

Sambar deer.JPG

Rusa unicolor
(Kerr, 1792)
introduced on St. Vincent Island
Fl mammals vu.svg
[152]
Family Bovidae: Bovids
American bison

American bison k5680-1.jpg

Bison bison
(Linnaeus, 1758)
reintroduced on Paynes Prairie Preserve [153] [154] [155]
Fl mammals nt.svg
[156]
Nilgai

Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) male.jpg

Boselaphus tragocamelus
(Pallas, 1766)
introduced
Fl mammals lc.svg
Family Suidae: Pigs
Common warthog

Southern warthog (Phacochoerus africanus sundevallii) male.jpg

Phacochoerus africanus
(Gmelin, 1788)
introduced [157]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[158]
Wild boar

Wild Pig KSC02pd0873.jpg

Sus scrofa
Linnaeus, 1758
introduced; common
Fl mammals lc.svg
[159]
Family Antilocapridae: Pronghorns
Pronghorn

Antilocapra americana.jpg

Antilocapra americana
(Ord, 1815)
introduced, presumably extirpated; Osceloa County [160]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[161]
Family Tayassuidae: Peccaries
Collared peccary

Collared peccary02 - melbourne zoo.jpg

Dicotyles tajacu
(Linnaeus, 1758)
extirpated [162]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[163]

Marsupials

The Virginia opossum is the only marsupial found in North America north of the Rio Grande. It lives in wooded areas and can be easily found statewide.

Common name
Scientific name
authority
ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Didelphidae: New World opossums
Virginia opossum

Possum20040508.jpg

Didelphis virginiana
(Kerr, 1792)
common; statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[164]

Armadillos

Cingulata are represented by the nine-banded armadillo, having migrated from Texas. Subsequent introductions and fast breeding spread the species statewide. [141]

Common name
Scientific name
authority
ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Dasypodidae: Armadillos
Nine-banded armadillo

Nine-banded Armadillo.jpg

Dasypus novemcinctus
Linnaeus, 1758
common; statewide, except possibly some parts of Everglades
Fl mammals lc.svg
[165]

Anteaters and tamanduas

The Myrmecophagidae are a family of anteaters, the name is derived from the Ancient Greek words for 'ant' and 'eat'. Two genera and three species are in the family, consisting of the giant anteater, and the tamanduas.

Common name
Scientific name
authority
ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Myrmecophagidae
Northern tamandua

DirkvdM tamandua.jpg

Tamandua mexicana
(Saussure, 1860)
introduced; Miami-Dade County [166]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[167]

Primates

Six rhesus macaques were introduced sometime in the 1930s as tourist attractions, confined to an island in a Central Florida river and flourished. [168] Charles River Laboratories, the world's biggest producer of lab animals, maintained a free-range colony until 1999, when they were forced to remove the animals after they destroyed parts of the mangrove forests in Key Haven. [169] Other primates with reported sightings not included in this list are crab-eating macaques and squirrel monkeys. [170]

Common name
Scientific name
authority
ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Cercopithecidae: Old World monkeys
Vervet monkey

Vervet monkey Krugersdorp game reserve (5657678441).jpg

Chlorocebus pygerythrus
(F. Cuvier, 1821)
introduced; Dania Beach and Fort Lauderdale area. [171]
Fl mammals nt.svg
[172]
Rhesus macaque

Rhesus Macaque 2.jpg

Macaca mulatta
(Zimmermann, 1780)
introduced; Ocala and Silver Springs area
Fl mammals nt.svg
[173]
Family Lemuridae: Lemurs
Ring-tailed lemur

Lemur (36254433134).jpg

Lemur catta
Linnaeus, 1758
introduced [174]
Fl mammals en.svg
[175]

Lagomorphs

All the confirmed lagomorphs in Florida are nocturnal; the black-tailed jackrabbit—introduced as a training tool for racing greyhounds from 1930 to 1950; the native eastern cottontail, which can be found anywhere but in forests and coastal marshes; and the marsh rabbit, which prefers freshwater and brackish marshes. The subspecies Lower Keys marsh rabbit has the scientific name Sylvilagus palustris hefneri after Hugh Hefner—because research on the subspecies was financed in part by the Playboy Foundation. [176]

Common nameScientific name

authority

ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Leporidae: Rabbits and hares
Black-tailed jackrabbit

Btjackrabbit.jpg

Lepus californicus
(Gray, 1837)
introduced; established in Homestead area
Fl mammals lc.svg
[177]
Swamp rabbit

Southern swamp rabbit baby.jpg

Sylvilagus aquaticus
(Bachman, 1837)
rare and unconfirmed; possibly present in Escambia County but no known records
Fl mammals lc.svg
[178]
Eastern cottontail

Eastern Cottontail Bunny (5797152749).jpg

Sylvilagus floridanus
(J. A. Allen, 1890)
common; statewide except Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[179]
Marsh rabbit

Marsh Rabbit.jpg

Sylvilagus palustris
(Bachman, 1837)
common; statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[180]
Lower Keys marsh rabbit

Lower Keys marsh rabbit.jpg

S. p. hefneri
(Lazell, 1984)
Florida Keys
Fl mammals en.svg

Rodents

Eastern gray squirrel in Tampa Eastern Gray Squirrel - Sciurus carolinensis - Babe Zaharias Golf Course in Tampa.JPG
Eastern gray squirrel in Tampa

Of the several species of rodents in Florida, the subspecies of oldfield mouse are the biggest conservation concern, along with the Florida mouse and Florida salt marsh vole. Six of eight subspecies of the oldfield mouse (commonly named beach mice) are in endangered status, and one is extinct. Given causes for their demise is predators like cats and red foxes and destruction of their natural habitats. [181] The Florida mouse is on the endangered species list because of destruction of their habitat. The Florida bonneted bat, Florida mouse and Florida salt marsh vole are the only mammal species endemic to Florida. The mouse depends on the gopher tortoise (also endangered) for its survival, because it makes its burrows from tortoise burrows, or in the absence of those, oldfield mouse burrows. [182]

Non-native species brought in boats by colonizers are the black rat, brown rat and house mouse. Other non-natives are the capybara, the nutria and the Mexican gray squirrel. [183]

Common nameScientific name

authority

ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Castoridae: Beavers
American beaver

Castor canadensis.jpg

Castor canadensis
(Kuhl, 1820)
common; panhandle and northern third of peninsula, except coastal areas.
Fl mammals lc.svg
[184]
Family Sciuridae: Squirrels
Southern flying squirrel

Glaucomys volans.jpg

Glaucomys volans
(Linnaeus, 1758)
common; statewide except Keys and possibly southwest peninsula
Fl mammals lc.svg
[185]
Groundhog

Marmota monax UL 04.jpg

Marmota monax
(Linnaeus, 1758)
rare [186]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[187]
Mexican gray squirrel

Mexicanredbelliedsquirrel3.jpg

Sciurus aureogaster
F. Cuvier, 1829
introduced; established on Elliott Key
Fl mammals lc.svg
[188]
Eastern gray squirrel

Sciurus carolinensis.jpg

Sciurus carolinensis
(Gmelin, 1788)
common; statewide except Lower Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[189]
Fox squirrel

Sciurus niger (on fence).jpg

Sciurus niger
(Linnaeus, 1758)
rare; statewide except Keys; possibly extinct in southeastern peninsula
Fl mammals lc.svg
[190]
Eastern chipmunk

Eastern Chipmunk, Gatineau Park.jpg

Tamias striatus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
uncommon; northern half of western panhandle in mesic forest areas
Fl mammals lc.svg
[191]
American red squirrel

Tamiasciurus hudsonicus CT.jpg

Tamiasciurus hudsonicus
(Erxleben, 1777)
rare [192]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[193]
Family Geomyidae: Pocket gophers
Plains pocket gopher

Geomys bursarius.jpg

Geomys bursarius
(Shaw, 1800)
rare [194]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[195]
Southeastern pocket gopher

Geomys pinetus.jpg

Geomys pinetis
(Rafinesque, 1817)
common; panhandle and northern half of peninsula
Fl mammals lc.svg
[196]
Goff's pocket gopher G. p. goffi
Sherman, 1944
extinct; once endemic to Brevard County
Fl mammals ex.svg
Family Zapodidae: Jumping mice
Woodland jumping mouse

Woodland jumping mouse-closeup.jpg

Napaeozapus insignis
(Miller, 1891)
rare [197]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[198]
Family Cricetidae: Voles, muskrats
Eastern harvest mouse

Reithrodontomys humulis 2.jpg

Reithrodontomys humulis
(Audubon & Bachman, 1941)
common; panhandle and northern two thirds of peninsula in old fields, grasslands, and fields
Fl mammals lc.svg
[199]
Florida salt marsh vole

Saltmarsh-Vole1.jpg

Microtus dukecampbelli
(Woods, Post, and Kilpatrick, 1982)
rare; endemic to salt marshes in Waccasassa Bay in Levy County
Fl mammals cr.svg
[200]
Woodland vole

Woodland Vole Microtus Pinetorum.jpg

Microtus pinetorum
(Le Conte, 1830)
uncommon; central portion of northern third of peninsula
Fl mammals lc.svg
[201]
Round-tailed muskrat

Round-tailed Muskrat Neofiber alleni.png

Neofiber alleni
(True, 1884)
common; peninsula and isolated populations in Apalachicola and Okefenokee areas
Fl mammals lc.svg
[202]
Florida woodrat

Neotoma Floridana.gif

Neotoma floridana
(Ord, 1818)
uncommon; panhandle, northern two thirds of peninsula and rare; Key Largo
Fl mammals lc.svg
[203]
Key Largo woodrat

Neotoma floridana smalli close.jpg

Neotoma floridana smalli
(Sherman, 1955)
Endangered in Key Largo
Fl mammals en.svg
Golden mouse Ochrotomys nuttalli
(Harlan, 1832)
rare; panhandle and northern half of peninsula
Fl mammals lc.svg
[204]
Muskrat

Muskrat swimming Ottawa.jpg

Ondatra zibethicus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
common; northwestern half of panhandle
Fl mammals lc.svg
[205]
Marsh rice rat

Oryzomys palustris.jpg

Oryzomys palustris
(Harlan, 1837)
common; statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[206]
Cotton mouse

Peromyscus gossypinus.jpg

Peromyscus gossypinus
(Le Conte, 1850)
common; statewide in forests and mixed forest/grasslands
Fl mammals lc.svg
[207]
Key Largo cotton mouse P. g. allapaticola

(Schwartz, 1952)

endemic to Key Largo
Chadwick Beach cotton mouse P. g. restrictus

(A.H. Howell, 1939)

extinct; once endemic to the Chadwick Beach area of Manasota Key
Fl mammals ex.svg
Oldfield mouse

Peromyscus polionotus ammobates.jpg

Peromyscus polionotus

(Wagner, 1843)

common; several endemic subspecies (see below)
Fl mammals lc.svg
Pallid beach mouse P. p. decoloratus
(A.H. Howell, 1939)
extinct; once endemic to Ponce Park in Volusia County and Bulow in Flagler County
Fl mammals ex.svg
Anastasia Island beach mouse

Peromyscus polionotus phasma.jpg

P. p. phasma
(Bangs, 1898)
endemic to Anastasia Island in St. Augustine, Florida
Fl mammals en.svg
Perdido Key beach mouse

Peromyscus polionotus trissyllepsis.jpg

P. p. trissyllepsis
(Bowen, 1968)
endemic to Perdido Key, Florida
Fl mammals en.svg
Florida mouse Podomys floridanus
(Chapman, 1889)
rare; central peninsula, mostly in habitats along central ridges. Fl mammals nt.svg [208]
Hispid cotton rat

Sigmodon hispidus1.jpg

Sigmodon hispidus
Say & Ord, 1825
common; statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[209]
Family Muridae: Murids
House mouse

House mouse.jpg

Mus musculus
Linnaeus, 1758
introduced; common; statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[210]
Brown rat

Rattus norvegicus -Fairlands Valley Park, Stevenage, England-8.jpg

Rattus norvegicus
(Berkenhout, 1769)
introduced; common; statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[211]
Black rat

Rattus rattus04.jpg

Rattus rattus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
introduced; common statewide
Fl mammals lc.svg
[212]
Family Nesomyidae: Nesomyids
Gambian pouched rat

Cricetomys gambianus as a captive pet.jpg

Cricetomys gambianus
Waterhouse, 1840
introduced; Keys [213]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[214]
Family Myocastoridae: Nutrias
Nutria

Myocastor coypus.jpg

Myocastor coypus
(Molina, 1782)
introduced; Duval County and panhandle populations; possibly established statewide except Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[215]
Family Caviidae: Cavies
Patagonian mara

Dolichotis patagonum on Barbados 04.jpg

Dolichotis patagonum
(Zimmermann, 1780)
introduced [216]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[217]
Capybara

Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris in Brazil in Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 09.jpg

Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris
(Linnaeus, 1766)
introduced; [218] while no breeding population has been confirmed, sightings still occur. While it is considered an invasive species, some claim that it may serve as a proxy of the Pleistocene species. [219]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[220]
Family Dasyproctidae: Agoutis and acouchis
Red-rumped agouti

Red-rumped Agouti (17380318590).jpg

Dasyprocta leporina
(Linnaeus, 1766)
introduced; Miami-Dade County [221]
Fl mammals lc.svg
[222]

Shrews and moles

Four species of shrews (eulipotyphlans) are found across Florida. Two known subspecies are the Homosassa shrew (Sorex longirostris eionis) and Sherman's short-tailed shrew (Blarina carolinensis shermanii). [223] One of their main predators is the cat. Completing the Eulipotyphla are two species of moles.

Common nameScientific name

authority

ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Soricidae: Shrews
Southern short-tailed shrew

Southern short-tailed shrew.jpg

Blarina carolinensis
(Bachman, 1837)
common; statewide except for Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[224]
North American least shrew

Exhibit Museum of Natural History, Ann Arbor - IMG 9033.JPG

Cryptotis parva
(Say, 1823)
common; statewide except for Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[225]
Everglades short-tailed shrew Blarina peninsulae
(Merriam, 1895)
common; peninsular
Fl mammals nd.svg
Southeastern shrew

Dismal Swamp southeastern shrew.jpg

Sorex longirostris
Bachman, 1837
uncommon; north, south through Central Florida
Fl mammals lc.svg
[226]
Family Talpidae: Moles
Star-nosed mole

Condylura.jpg

Condylura cristata
(Linnaeus, 1758)
rare; Okefenokee Swamp area and possibly in Leon County
Fl mammals lc.svg
[227]
Eastern mole

ScalopusAquaticus.jpg

Scalopus aquaticus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
common; statewide except for Keys
Fl mammals lc.svg
[228]

Sirenia

West Indian manatee Cy manatee1a - FLORIDA MANATEE Trichechus manatus latirostris.jpg
West Indian manatee

Trichechus manatus latirostris is one of the two subspecies of the West Indian manatee. This herbivorous aquatic mammal lives in rivers, springs and shallow coastal waters. It was designated the state marine mammal in 1975 [229] and is protected by federal and state laws. Threatened by habitat loss, entanglements in fishing gear and crab traps, or by being asphyxiated or crushed by canal locks and flood gates, the most common cause for manatee deaths is being struck by boats, which caused one quarter of all deaths recorded since 1974. In 2015, the statewide population was estimated at 6,063. [230]

Common nameScientific name

authority

ASM state status and native range [3] Red List
Family Sirenia: Sea cows
West Indian manatee

Manatee photo.jpg

Trichechus manatus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
rare; coastal marine areas, but not usually north of the Suwannee River in the Gulf of Mexico; enters rivers and connected springs common; peninsula and northern Keys.
Fl mammals vu.svg
[231]

See also

Related Research Articles

This article is a list of biological species, subspecies, and evolutionary significant units that are known to have become extinct during the Holocene, the current geologic epoch, ordered by their known or approximate date of disappearance from oldest to most recent.

References

General
Specific
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