Pristine mustached bat

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Pristine mustached bat
Temporal range: Late Quaternary
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Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Mormoopidae
Genus: Pteronotus
Species:
†P. pristinus
Binomial name
†Pteronotus pristinus
Silva-Taboada, 1974 [1] [2]
Florida coast about 10,000 years ago, during the early Holocene, just after Pleistocene. Florida 10000 years ago.png
Florida coast about 10,000 years ago, during the early Holocene, just after Pleistocene.

The pristine mustached bat [lower-alpha 1] (Pteronotus (Phyllodia) pristinus) is an extinct Late Quaternary species of bat in the endemic Neotropical [3] family Mormoopidae. It was distributed in Cuba and possibly Florida (United States). [1] [2] [4]

Contents

Distribution

This bat is known only from subfossils. It was described from Late Quaternary cave deposits in Cuba (Las Villas Province, Trinidad, Cueva de los Masones) [1] [2] and found also in Rancholabrean cave deposits in southern Florida (Monkey Jungle Hammock). [3] [4]

Fossil distribution of the pristine mustached bat. Pteronotus pristinus - red (Trinidad, Cuba), P. cf. pristinus - black (Monkey Jungle, Florida, USA). Pristine mustached bat Pteronotus pristinus fossil distribution.gif
Fossil distribution of the pristine mustached bat. Pteronotus pristinus - red (Trinidad, Cuba), P. cf. pristinus - black (Monkey Jungle, Florida, USA).

Florida specimens (two mandibles [5] ) were only tentatively referred to Pteronotus cf. P. pristinus, [4] because they could not be directly compared with the Cuban material (several skulls, postcranial elements), but they may represent P. pristinus. [6]

This is the only occurrence of Pteronotus in the United States, fossil or recent. [3] Cuba is the most likely source for West Indian bats in Florida. [5]

Extinction

The shaded relief map of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea area contoured at -100 m depth. Caribbean Sea Gulf of Mexico shaded relief bathymetry land map 2.png
The shaded relief map of the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea area contoured at -100 m depth.

In Florida, the pristine mustached bat became locally extinct at the end of the Pleistocene, [3] [5] what probably resulted from the rise in sea level, the subsequent flooding of caves and loss of roosting sites. [5]

The sea level in Florida was as much as 100 m lower in late Pleistocene, as well water tables, and cave systems in Monkey Jungle Hammock, Cutler Hammock and Rock Springs were dry. But during the latest Pleistocene the rising sea level caused flooding of these cave systems and destroyed a hot and humid microclimate of so-called hot caves. Currently two first of them are sediment-filled sinkholes few meters above sea level, third one is submerged. [3]

In these three sites in southern peninsula, the sea level stand change presumably was also reason of extirpation of another tropical cave-dwelling bat in the Neotropical family Mormoopidae (extralimital ghost-faced bat Mormoops megalophylla) and one North American species (southeastern myotis Myotis austroriparius) as well. [3] [5] The fourth species - big brown bat (Eptesicus fuscus) became rare in Florida caves. [5]

Such a pattern of extinction or extirpation is known also from many small islands in West Indies (Bahamas, Cayman Islands, Lesser Antilles). [3]

Notes

  1. ↑ Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition (MSW3) [2] - common name probably incorrectly spelled as "Prinstine Mustached Bat" (with insterted "n" character).

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mormoopidae</span> Family of bats

The family Mormoopidae contains bats known generally as mustached bats, ghost-faced bats, and naked-backed bats. They are found in the Americas from the Southwestern United States to Southeastern Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Parnell's mustached bat</span> Species of bat

Parnell's mustached bat is an insectivorous bat native to the Americas. It ranges from southern Sonora, Mexico, south to Brazil. It has a wider historical range; fossil specimens have been collected on the island of New Providence in the Bahamas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Big naked-backed bat</span> Species of bat

The big naked-backed bat, is a bat species from South and Central America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wagner's mustached bat</span> Species of bat

Wagner's mustached bat is a bat species from South and Central America. It is one of the few New World bats species known to perform Doppler shift compensation behavior.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Davy's naked-backed bat</span> Species of bat

Davy's (lesser) naked-backed bat is a small, insect-eating, cave-dwelling bat of the Family Mormoopidae. It is found throughout South and Central America, including Trinidad, but not Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, or French Guiana. Specimens of this bat had been found infected with rabies in Trinidad during the height of that island's vampire-bat-transmitted rabies epidemic of the early half of the 20th century, but not in recent times.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Macleay's mustached bat</span> Species of bat

Macleay's mustached bat is a species of bat in the family Mormoopidae. It is found in Cuba and Jamaica, and is threatened by habitat loss. The species is named for William Sharp Macleay, who collected the type specimen.

The sooty mustached bat is a species of bat in the family Mormoopidae. It is found in throughout the Greater Antilles, in Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Orange County, Florida paleontological sites</span>

The Orange County paleontological sites are assemblages of Late Pleistocene vertebrates occurring in Orange County, Florida.

The giant ghost-faced bat is a prehistoric species of bat that was endemic to the Caribbean. It is only known from fragmental humerus remains, which physically resemble those of Mormoops megalophylla but are larger in size.

References

  1. 1 2 3 Silva-Taboada, Gilberto (1974). "Fossil Chiroptera from cave deposits in central Cuba, with description of two new species (genera Pteronotus and Mormoops), and the first West Indian record of Mormoops megalophylla". Acta Zoologica Cracoviensia. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (PWN). 19 (3): 33–73.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Pteronotus (Phyllodia) pristinus". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 312–529. ISBN   978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC   62265494.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Morgan, Gary S. & Emslie, Steven D. (2010). "Tropical and western influences in vertebrate faunas from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Florida" (PDF). Quaternary International. 217 (1–2): 143–158. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2009.11.030 . Retrieved 11 April 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 Morgan, Gary S. & Emslie, Steven D. (1991). "Neotropical Chiroptera from the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Florida". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 206: 176–213.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Morgan, Gary S. (2002). "Late Rancholabrean Mammals from Southernmost Florida, and the Neotropical Influence in Florida Pleistocene Faunas". In Emry, Robert J. (ed.). Cenozoic Mammals of Land and Sea. Tributes to the Career of Clayton E. Ray (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. Vol. 93. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 15–38. Retrieved April 12, 2014.
  6. ↑ Simmons, Nancy B. & Conway, Tenley M. (February 15, 2001). "Phylogenetic relationships of mormoopid bats (Chiroptera: Mormoopidae) based on morphological data" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 258: 1–97. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2001)258<0001:prombc>2.0.co;2. ISSN   0003-0090 . Retrieved April 15, 2014.
  7. ↑ National Geophysical Data Center, 1999. Global Land One-kilometer Base Elevation (GLOBE) v.1. Hastings, D. and P.K. Dunbar. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V52R3PMS [access date: 2015-03-16]
  8. ↑ Amante, C. and B.W. Eakins, 2009. ETOPO1 1 Arc-Minute Global Relief Model: Procedures, Data Sources and Analysis. NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24. National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA. doi:10.7289/V5C8276M [access date: 2015-03-18].
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