List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 312.22

This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 312.22 under that system. These instruments are single-stringed heterochord musical bows with an attached resonator and a tuning noose.

3 : Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).

31 : Instruments which consist solely of a string bearer or a string bearer with a resonator that is not integral to the instrument

312 : Instrument has a string bearer made of a vaulted surface (tube zithers)

312.2 : Instrument has strings that are stretched across a convex gutter (half-tube zithers)

312.22 : Instrument is a heterochord

These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.

• 4: Hammers or beaters
• 5: Bare hands and fingers
• 6: Plectrum
• 7: Bowing
  • 71: Using a bow
  • 72: Using a wheel
  • 73: Using a ribbon
• 8: Keyboard
• 9: Using a mechanical drive

Instrument	Tradition	Hornbostel–Sachs classification	Description
ajaeng 아쟁, 牙箏	Korea	312.22	Half-tube zither with seven silk strings, played with a piece of forsythia wood
Đàn tranh 檀箏	Vietnam	312.22	Wooden-bodied and steel-stringed zither
gayageum [1] [2] kayagum, kayago, kayagŭm, 가야금, 伽倻琴	Korea	312.22-5	zither-like string instrument, with 12 strings.
geomungo komungo, kŏmun'go, hyeongeum, hyongum, hyŏn'gŭm	Korea	312.22	Fretted zither
guqin	China	312.22
guzheng [3] zheng, gu-zheng	China	312.22-5	Half-tube zither, rectangular with three sound holes on the bottom, now with twenty-one strings most typically, pentatonic tuning, strings are plucked by hand
koto [4]	Japan	312.22	Long and hollow thirteen-stringed instrument
koto, 17-string	Japan	312.22	17-stringed koto
se	China	312.22	Ancient plucked instrument
yazheng ya zheng, ya cheng	China	312.22

References

• von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. The Galpin Society Journal, Vol. 14. 14: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR   842168.

Notes

1. "Kayagum 3". Encyclopædia Britannica . Retrieved 2008-05-31.
2. "Kayagum". University of Washington Libraries. Archived from the original on 2012-07-09. Retrieved 2008-05-31.
3. "Dong Yi in Zheng Recital at the Great Hall of the People". Link Chinese. Retrieved December 21, 2007. As the most popular national instrument in China, zheng (also known as gu-zheng) is one of the eldest Chinese string instruments with a history of at least 2,500 years.
4. "Koto". Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 13, 2008.