Host galaxies of novae discovered in 2018 |
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The following is a list of all novae that are known to have occurred in 2018. A nova is an energetic astronomical event caused by a white dwarf accreting matter from a star it is orbiting (typically a red giant, whose outer layers are more weakly attached than smaller, denser stars) Alternatively, novae can rarely be caused by a pair of stars merging with each other, however such events are vastly less common than novae caused by white dwarfs.
In 2018, 15 novae were discovered in the Milky Way, 14 being classical novae, and 1 being a dwarf nova of a previously known variable star, V392 Persei, which was discovered in 1972. An additional 23 novae were discovered in the Andromeda Galaxy, 8 in Messier 81, 1 in the Triangulum Galaxy, and 1 in Messier 83. A single luminous red nova was observed in NGC 45.
Nova name | Discovery date | Constellation | Right ascension | Declination | Peak brightness (v) [1] | Distance (light-years) [2] | Absolute magnitude (v) | Nova type | Origin system identified? | Companion star spectral type [note 1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V357 Muscae [3] | 2018/01/14 | Musca | 11h 26m 15.03s | −65° 31′ 24.3″ | 6.5 | 11500+6900 −3100 | −6.2+0.7 −1.0 | Classical | Yes | F9V/G0V |
V1661 Scorpii [4] | 2018/01/17 | Scorpius | 17h 18m 06.41s | −32° 04′ 27.2″ | 10.2 | ? | ? | Classical | Yes | ? |
FM Circini [5] | 2018/01/19 | Circinus | 13h 53m 27.61s | −67° 25′ 00.9″ | 5.9 | 9400+3700 −2100 | −6.4+0.6 −0.7 | Classical | Yes | G1V |
V1662 Scorpii [6] | 2018/02/06 | Scorpius | 16h 48m 49.64s | −44° 57′ 03.0″ | 10.1 | ? | ? | Classical | Yes | ? |
V3664 Ophiuchi [7] | 2018/02/12 | Ophiuchus | 17h 24m 39.96s | −24° 21′ 47.4″ | 12.5 | 45000+99999 −28000 | −3.2+2.1 −1.7 | Classical | Yes | M0II/III |
V1663 Scorpii [8] | 2018/02/24 | Scorpius | 17h 03m 47.51s | −38° 16′ 57.1″ | 12.3 | 3400+99999 −1800 | 2.2+1.6 −7.3 | Classical | Maybe | ? |
V3665 Ophiuchi [9] | 2018/03/10 | Ophiuchus | 17h 14m 02.55s | −28° 49′ 23.9″ | 9.4 | ? | ? | Classical | Yes | ? |
V906 Carinae [10] | 2018/03/20 | Carina | 10h 36m 15.43s | −59° 35′ 53.7″ | 5.9 | 22000+99999 −17000 | −8.2+3.7 −3.3 | Classical | Yes | ? |
V435 Canis Majoris [11] | 2018/03/24 | Canis Major | 07h 13m 45.90s | −21° 12′ 33.0″ | 12.0 | ? | ? | Classical | Maybe | ? |
V5857 Sagittarii [12] | 2018/04/08 | Sagittarius | 18h 04m 09.45s | −18° 03′ 55.9″ | 10.8 | ? | ? | Classical | Yes | ? |
V392 Per [13] | 2018/04/29 | Perseus | 04h 43m 21.37s | 47° 21′ 25.9″ | 6.3 | ? | ? | dwarf nova & nova | Yes | ? |
V408 Lupi [14] | 2018/06/03 | Lupus | 15h 38m 43.86s | −47° 44′ 42.0″ | 9.0 | 2910+1700 −780 | −0.8+0.7 −1.0 | Classical | Maybe | K7V? |
V613 Scuti [15] | 2018/06/29 | Scutum | 18h 29m 22.96s | −14° 30′ 44.0″ | 10.3 | ? | ? | Classical | Yes | ? |
V3666 Ophiuchi [16] | 2018/08/08 | Ophiuchus | 17h 42m 24.10s | −20° 53′ 08.8″ | 9.0 | ? | ? | Classical | No | ? |
V556 Normae [17] | 2018/10/13 | Norma | 16h 14m 32.92s | −53° 30′ 14.7″ | 10.2 | ? | ? | Classical | Yes | ? |
Novae are also frequently spotted in the Andromeda Galaxy, and are even slightly more commonly found than in the Milky Way, as there is less intervening dust to prevent their detection. Furthermore, Andromeda is circumpolar for observers north of latitude +48-50, roughly the latitude of the Canadian-American border, allowing observers north of that to search for transients all year.
In 2018, 23 novae were seen in the Andromeda galaxy.
Nova name | Discovery date | Right ascension | Declination | Peak brightness (v) [1] | Absolute magnitude (v) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
PNV J00444425+4142449 | 2018/01/10 | 00h 44m 44.25s | 41° 42′ 44.9″ | 18.4 | -6.1 |
PNV J00431577+4118393 | 2018/01/12 | 00h 43m 15.77s | 41° 18′ 39.3″ | 17.8 | -6.7 |
PNV J00423439+4044255 | 2018/02/07 | 00h 42m 34.39s | 40° 44′ 25.5″ | 16.7 | -7.8 |
PNV J00415059+4125499 | 2018/02/22 | 00h 41m 50.59s | 41° 25′ 49.9″ | 17.9 | -6.6 |
PNV J00424041+4112522 | 2018/03/21 | 00h 42m 40.41s | 41° 12′ 52.2″ | 18.1 | -6.4 |
PNV J00425509+4119009 | 2018/04/03 | 00h 42m 55.09s | 41° 19′ 00.9″ | 17.6 | -6.9 |
PNV J00421895+4113524 | 2018/04/19 | 00h 42m 18.95s | 41° 13′ 52.4″ | 16.9 | -7.6 |
PNV J00415353+4114121 | 2018/04/29 | 00h 41m 53.53s | 41° 14′ 12.1″ | 17.5 | -7.0 |
PNV J00434212+4122349 | 2018/05/19 | 00h 43m 42.12s | 41° 22′ 34.9″ | 17.0 | -7.5 |
PNV J00424144+4117377 | 2018/06/26 | 00h 42m 41.44s | 41° 17′ 37.7″ | 17.1 | -7.4 |
PNV J00414889+4109148 | 2018/07/01 | 00h 41m 48.89s | 41° 09′ 14.8″ | 17.4 | -7.1 |
PNV J00420765+4119438 | 2018/07/12 | 00h 42m 07.65s | 41° 19′ 43.8″ | 17.3 | -7.2 |
PNV J00425261+4118409 | 2018/07/15 | 00h 42m 52.61s | 41° 18′ 40.9″ | 18.6 | -5.9 |
PNV J00425074+4115461 | 2018/07/31 | 00h 42m 50.74s | 41° 15′ 46.1″ | 19.1 | -5.4 |
PNV J00424214+4114457 | 2018/08/02 | 00h 42m 42.14s | 41° 14′ 45.7″ | 17.5 | -7.0 |
PNV J00392190+4015488 | 2018/08/13 | 00h 39m 21.90s | 40° 15′ 48.8″ | 19.0 | -5.5 |
PNV J00451587+4210269 | 2018/08/21 | 00h 45m 15.87s | 42° 10′ 26.9″ | 17.9 | -6.6 |
PNV J00424990+4123348 | 2018/10/11 | 00h 42m 49.90s | 41° 23′ 34.8″ | 17.9 | -6.6 |
PNV J00424012+4117273 | 2018/10/13 | 00h 42m 40.12s | 41° 17′ 27.3″ | 17.5 | -7.0 |
TCP J00420310+4102331 | 2018/10/15 | 00h 42m 03.10s | 41° 02′ 33.1″ | 18.0 | -6.5 |
PNV J00424065+4111080 | 2018/12/03 | 00h 42m 40.65s | 41° 11′ 08.0″ | 18.7 | -5.8 |
PNV J00424241+4119411 | 2018/12/17 | 00h 42m 42.41s | 41° 19′ 41.1″ | 18.2 | -6.3 |
PNV J00432462+4120222 | 2018/12/22 | 00h 43m 24.62s | 41° 20′ 22.2″ | 18.0 | -6.5 |
PNV J00424380+4117208 | 2018/12/23 | 00h 42m 43.80s | 41° 17′ 20.8″ | 17.5 | -7.0 |
Any galaxy within 20 million light-years of the Sun could theoretically have nova events bright enough to be detected from Earth, although in practice most are only detected in galaxies within 10-15 million light-years of the Milky Way, such as the Triangulum Galaxy, Messier 81, Messier 82, Messier 83, and Messier 94.
In 2018, of the ten novae observed in other galaxies than the Milky Way or the Andromeda Galaxy, eight were in Messier 81, with the remaining two from the Triangulum Galaxy and Messier 83. A luminous red nova, probably caused by the merger of two stars, occurred in NGC 45.
Nova name | Discovery date | Host galaxy | Right ascension | Declination | Peak brightness (v) [1] | Distance (million light-years) | Absolute magnitude (v) | Type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PNV J13370978-2956576 | 2018/01/28 | Messier 83 | 13h 37m 09.78s | −29° 56′ 57.6″ | 20.7 | 15.2 | -7.6 | Classical |
PNV J09555926+6903517 | 2018/01/30 | Messier 81 | 09h 55m 59.26s | 69° 03′ 51.7″ | 20.3 | 11.5 | -7.4 | Classical |
PNV J09545236+6904085 | 2018/02/19 | Messier 81 | 09h 54m 52.36s | 69° 04′ 08.5″ | 20.0 | 11.5 | -7.7 | Classical |
PNV J09553607+6902141 | 2018/03/06 | Messier 81 | 09h 55m 36.07s | 69° 02′ 14.1″ | 20.8 | 11.5 | -6.9 | Classical |
PNV J09551340+6900478 | 2018/03/20 | Messier 81 | 09h 55m 13.40s | 69° 00′ 47.8″ | 21.2 | 11.5 | -6.5 | Classical |
PNV J09553194+6909147 | 2018/04/02 | Messier 81 | 09h 55m 31.94s | 69° 09′ 14.7″ | 20.4 | 11.5 | -7.3 | Classical |
PNV J09555269+6858409 | 2018/04/09 | Messier 81 | 09h 55m 52.69s | 68° 58′ 40.9″ | 20.6 | 11.5 | -7.1 | Classical |
AT 2018bwo | 2018/05/22 | NGC 45 | 00h 14m 01.72s | −23° 11′ 35.8″ | 16.4 | 32.6 | -13.6 | Luminous Red Nova |
PNV J09560988+6859108 | 2018/10/12 | Messier 81 | 09h 56m 09.88s | 68° 59′ 10.8″ | 20.1 | 11.5 | -7.6 | Classical |
PNV J01334673+3032181 | 2018/10/13 | Triangulum Galaxy | 01h 33m 46.73s | 30° 32′ 18.1″ | 18.1 | 2.65 | -6.4 | Classical |
PNV J09555246+6902009 | 2018/11/06 | Messier 81 | 09h 55m 52.46s | 69° 02′ 00.9″ | 20.0 | 11.5 | -7.7 | Classical |
The Local Group is the galaxy group that includes the Milky Way, where Earth is located. It has a total diameter of roughly 3 megaparsecs (10 million light-years; 9×1019 kilometres), and a total mass of the order of 2×1012 solar masses (4×1042 kg). It consists of two collections of galaxies in a "dumbbell" shape; the Milky Way and its satellites form one lobe, and the Andromeda Galaxy and its satellites constitute the other. The two collections are separated by about 800 kiloparsecs (3×10 6 ly; 2×1019 km) and are moving toward one another with a velocity of 123 km/s. The group itself is a part of the larger Virgo Supercluster, which may be a part of the Laniakea Supercluster. The exact number of galaxies in the Local Group is unknown as some are occluded by the Milky Way; however, at least 80 members are known, most of which are dwarf galaxies.
A nova is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star that slowly fades over weeks or months. All observed novae involve white dwarfs in close binary systems, but causes of the dramatic appearance of a nova vary, depending on the circumstances of the two progenitor stars. The main sub-classes of novae are classical novae, recurrent novae (RNe), and dwarf novae. They are all considered to be cataclysmic variable stars.
The Andromeda Galaxy is a barred spiral galaxy and is the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way. It was originally named the Andromeda Nebula and is cataloged as Messier 31, M31, and NGC 224. Andromeda has a D25 isophotal diameter of about 46.56 kiloparsecs (152,000 light-years) and is approximately 765 kpc (2.5 million light-years) from Earth. The galaxy's name stems from the area of Earth's sky in which it appears, the constellation of Andromeda, which itself is named after the princess who was the wife of Perseus in Greek mythology.
The Triangulum Galaxy is a spiral galaxy 2.73 million light-years (ly) from Earth in the constellation Triangulum. It is catalogued as Messier 33 or NGC 598. With the D25 isophotal diameter of 18.74 kiloparsecs (61,100 light-years), the Triangulum Galaxy is the third-largest member of the Local Group of galaxies, behind the Andromeda Galaxy and the Milky Way.
Indus is a constellation in the southern sky first professionally surveyed by Europeans in the 1590s and mapped on a globe by Petrus Plancius by early 1598. It was included on a plate illustrating southern constellations in Bayer's sky atlas Uranometria in 1603. It lies well south of the Tropic of Capricorn but its triangular shape can be seen for most of the year from the Equator. It is elongated from north to south and has a complex boundary. The English translation of its name is generally given as the Indian, though it is unclear which indigenous people the constellation was originally supposed to represent.
The Pinwheel Galaxy is a face-on, unbarred, and counterclockwise spiral galaxy located 21 million light-years from Earth in the constellation Ursa Major. It was discovered by Pierre Méchain in 1781 and was communicated that year to Charles Messier, who verified its position for inclusion in the Messier Catalogue as one of its final entries.
This is a list of lists, grouped by type of astronomical object.
NGC 300 (also known as Caldwell 70 or the Sculptor Pinwheel Galaxy) is a spiral galaxy in the constellation Sculptor. It was discovered on 5 August 1826 by Scottish astronomer James Dunlop. It is one of the closest galaxies to the Local Group, and it most likely lies between the latter and the Sculptor Group. It is the brightest of the five main spirals in the direction of the Sculptor Group. It is inclined at an angle of 42° when viewed from Earth and shares many characteristics of the Triangulum Galaxy. It is 94,000 light-years in diameter, somewhat smaller than the Milky Way, and has an estimated mass of (2.9 ± 0.2) × 1010M☉.
NGC 2403 is an intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Camelopardalis. It is an outlying member of the M81 Group, and is approximately 8 million light-years distant. It bears a similarity to M33, being about 50,000 light years in diameter and containing numerous star-forming H II regions. The northern spiral arm connects it to the star forming region NGC 2404. NGC 2403 can be observed using 10×50 binoculars. NGC 2404 is 940 light-years in diameter, making it one of the largest known H II regions. This H II region represents striking similarity with NGC 604 in M33, both in size and location in galaxy.
A luminous red nova is a stellar explosion thought to be caused by the merging of two stars. They are characterised by a distinct red colour, and a light curve that fades slowly with resurgent brightness in the infrared. Luminous red novae are not related to standard novae, which are explosions that occur on the surface of white dwarf stars.
NGC 45 is a low surface brightness spiral galaxy in the equatorial constellation of Cetus. It was discovered on 11 November 1835 by the English astronomer John Herschel. The galaxy is located at a distance of 22 million light years and is receding with a heliocentric radial velocity of 466 km/s. It is located in the vicinity of the Sculptor Group, but is most likely a background galaxy.
V339 Delphini or Nova Delphini 2013 (PNV J20233073+2046041) is a bright nova star in the constellation Delphinus. It was discovered on 14 August 2013 by amateur astronomer Koichi Itagaki in Japan and confirmed by the Liverpool Telescope on La Palma. The nova appeared with a magnitude 6.8 when it was discovered and peaked at magnitude 4.3 on 16 August 2013. A nova is produced by the fusion of accumulated material on the white dwarf nova progenitor acquired from its companion star. The nova system is thus a binary star, and a classical nova. The white dwarf is a carbon-oxygen white dwarf, with an estimated mass of 1.04±0.02 M☉. There is not yet a consensus about what the binary's orbital period is; estimates range from 3.15 hours to 6.43 hours.
NGC 6984 is a barred spiral galaxy located 180 million light years away in the constellation Indus. It is a Type II Seyfert galaxy, a type of Active galactic nucleus (AGN). It is situated south of the celestial equator, and is visible with the help of a telescope having an aperture of 10 inches or more. It was discovered on 8 July 1834 by British astronomer John Herschel.
V1369 Centauri, also known as Nova Centauri 2013, was a bright nova in the constellation Centaurus that occurred in 2013. It was discovered on December 2, 2013 by amateur astronomer John Seach in Australia with a magnitude of 5.5. On December 14, 2013 it peaked at about magnitude 3.3, making it the brightest nova so far of this millennium.
V357 Muscae was a bright nova in the constellation Musca. It was discovered on January 14, 2018 by Rob Kaufman of Bright, Victoria, Australia with a magnitude of 7.0.
V392 Persei, also known as Nova Persei 2018, is a bright nova in the constellation Perseus discovered on April 29, 2018. It was previously known as a dwarf nova.
YZ Reticuli, also known as Nova Reticuli 2020 was a naked eye nova in the constellation Reticulum discovered on July 15, 2020. Previously it was known as a VY Sculptoris type object with the designation MGAB-V207.