Kepler-1625b I

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Kepler-1625b I
Exomoon Kepler-1625b-I orbiting its planet (artist's impression).tiff
Exomoon Kepler-1625b I orbiting exoplanet Kepler-1625b (artist concept). [1]
Discovery [2]
Discovered by Alex Teachey, David M. Kipping and Allan R. Schmitt
Discovery date2017
Primary transit
Orbital characteristics
Satellite of Kepler-1625b
Physical characteristics
0.437 RJ
Mass 19.069 M🜨
0.06 MJ [3]
Mean density
0.95 g/cm3

    Kepler-1625b I is a possible moon of exoplanet Kepler-1625b, which may be the first exomoon ever discovered (pending confirmation), and was first indicated after preliminary observations by the Kepler Space Telescope. [4] A more thorough observing campaign by the Hubble Space Telescope took place in October 2017, ultimately leading to a discovery paper published in Science Advances in early October 2018. Studies related to the discovery of this moon suggest that the host exoplanet is up to several Jupiter masses in size, and the moon is thought to be approximately the mass of Neptune. Like several moons in the Solar System, [5] the large exomoon would theoretically be able to host its own moon, called a subsatellite, in a stable orbit, although no evidence for such a subsatellite has been found. [6]

    Contents

    Kepler-1625b i (on the right) is located more than 3,000,000 km from Kepler-1625b (on the left), estimated using time deviations from the transit method (approximately 8 times the distance between the Earth and the Moon). The objects are to scale (based on transit data) while the colors of the planets are based on speculative averages of data on the composition of nearby stars/clouds and photolysis, although these keep being speculative. Distance from kepler-1625b to kepler-1625bI.png
    Kepler-1625b i(on the right) is located more than 3,000,000 km from Kepler-1625b (on the left), estimated using time deviations from the transit method (approximately 8 times the distance between the Earth and the Moon). The objects are to scale (based on transit data) while the colors of the planets are based on speculative averages of data on the composition of nearby stars/clouds and photolysis, although these keep being speculative.

    Studies and observations

    The original paper [2] presented two independent lines of evidence for the exomoon, a transit timing variation indicating a Neptune-mass moon, and a photometric dip indicating a Neptune-radius moon. An independent re-analysis of the observations published in February 2019 [8] recovered both but suggested that an inclined and hidden hot-Jupiter could also be responsible, which could be tested with future Doppler spectroscopy radial velocity observations. A third study analyzing this data set recovered the transit timing variation signature but not the photometric dip, and thus questioned the exomoon hypothesis. [9] The original discovery team later addressed this paper, finding that their re-reduction exhibits higher systematics that may explain their differing conclusions. [10]

    See also

    References

    1. ↑ Chou, Felicia; Villard, Ray; Hawkes, Alison; Brown, Katherine (3 October 2018). "Astronomers Find First Evidence of Possible Moon Outside Our Solar System". NASA . Retrieved 5 October 2018.
    2. 1 2 Teachey, Alex; et al. (2018). "Evidence for a large exomoon orbiting Kepler-1625b". Science Advances. 4 (10) eaav1784. arXiv: 1810.02362 . Bibcode:2018SciA....4.1784T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav1784. PMC   6170104 . PMID   30306135.
    3. ↑ "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Kepler-1625 b I". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia . Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 7 October 2018.
    4. ↑ Teachey, A.; Kipping, D. M.; Schmitt, A. R. (26 July 2017). "HEK. VI. On the Dearth of Galilean Analogs in Kepler, and the Exomoon Candidate Kepler-1625b I". The Astronomical Journal . 155 (1) (published 22 December 2017): 36. arXiv: 1707.08563 . Bibcode:2018AJ....155...36T. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/aa93f2 . S2CID   118911978.
    5. ↑ Kollmeier, Juna A.; Raymond, Sean N. (21 November 2018). "Can moons have moons?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters. 483: L80–L84. arXiv: 1810.03304 . doi: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly219 .
    6. ↑ Forgan, Duncan H. (11 February 2019). "The habitable zone for Earth-like exomoons orbiting Kepler-1625b". International Journal of Astrobiology . 18 (6): 510–517. arXiv: 1810.02712 . Bibcode:2019IJAsB..18..510F. doi:10.1017/s1473550418000514. ISSN   1473-5504. S2CID   118857039.
    7. ↑ Teachey, Alex; Kipping, David M. (October 2018). "Evidence for a large exomoon orbiting Kepler-1625b". Science Advances. 4 (10) eaav1784. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav1784. ISSN   2375-2548. PMC   6170104 . PMID   30306135.
    8. ↑ Heller, René; Rodenbeck, Kai; Giovanni, Bruno (17 April 2019). "An alternative interpretation of the exomoon candidate signal in the combined Kepler and Hubble data of Kepler-1625". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 624: 95. arXiv: 1902.06018 . Bibcode:2019A&A...624A..95H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834913. S2CID   119311103.
    9. ↑ Kreidberg, Laura; Luger, Rodrigo; Bedell, Megan (24 May 2019). "No Evidence for Lunar Transit in New Analysis of Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Kepler-1625 System". The Astrophysical Journal . 877 (2): L15. arXiv: 1904.10618 . Bibcode:2019ApJ...877L..15K. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab20c8 . S2CID   129945202.
    10. ↑ Teachey, Alex; Kipping, David M.; Burke, Christopher (5 March 2020). "Loose Ends for the Exomoon Candidate Host Kepler-1625b". The Astronomical Journal . 159 (4): 142. arXiv: 1904.11896 . Bibcode:2020AJ....159..142T. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab7001 . S2CID   135465103.
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