Kepler-36

Last updated
Kepler-36
Observation data
Epoch J2000       Equinox J2000
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension 19h 25m 00.0431s [1]
Declination +49° 13 54.631 [1]
Apparent magnitude  (V)11.9
Characteristics
Spectral type G1IV
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ)RA: 0.970±0.041 [1]   mas/yr
Dec.: −8.073±0.043 [1]   mas/yr
Parallax (π)1.8654 ± 0.0215 [1]   mas
Distance 1,750 ± 20  ly
(536 ± 6  pc)
Details
Mass 1.071±0.043 [2]   M
Radius 1.626±0.019 [2]   R
Surface gravity (log g)4.1±0.1 [3]   cgs
Temperature 5911±66 [2]   K
Metallicity [Fe/H]−0.2±0.06 [2]   dex
Rotation 17.20±0.2 [2]
Rotational velocity (v sin i)4.9±1.0 [2]  km/s
Other designations
Gaia DR2  2129931456691176576, KOI-277, KIC  11401755, 2MASS J19250004+4913545 [4]
Database references
SIMBAD data
KIC data

Kepler-36 is a star in the constellation of Cygnus with two known planets. It has an anomalously large radius, meaning that it is a subgiant.

Contents

Planetary system

On June 21, 2012, the discovery of two planets orbiting the star was announced. The planets, a super-Earth and a "mini-Neptune", are unusual in that they have very close orbits; their semi-major axes differ by only 0.013 AU. The outer planet orbits only 11% further than the inner one. Coupled with masses significantly higher than Earth, their gravitational influence to each other is significant, meaning that their interaction causes extreme transit timing variations for both. Kepler-36b and c have estimated densities of 6.8 and 0.86 g/cm3, respectively. [2] The two planets are close to a 7:6 orbital resonance. [2] The large difference in densities, despite the close proximity of the planets' orbits, is likely due to the large difference in mass. [5] The innermost and less massive planet likely lost most, or all, of the hydrogen/helium envelope acquired during formation.

The Kepler-36 planetary system [2] [3]
Companion
(in order from star)
Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)
Orbital period
(days)
Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b 3.83+0.11
−0.10
  M
0.115313.86821±0.00049<0.0490.0° 1.498+0.061
−0.049
  R
c7.13±0.18  M 0.128316.21865±0.00010<0.0490.0° 3.679+0.096
−0.091
  R

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Kepler-29 is a Sun-like star in the northern constellation of Cygnus. It is located at the celestial coordinates: Right Ascension 19h 53m 23.6020s, Declination +47° 29′ 28.436″. With an apparent visual magnitude of 15.456, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. It is a solar analog, having a close mass, radius, and temperature as the Sun. Currently the age of the star has not been determined due to its 2780 light-year distance. As of 2016 no Jovian exoplanets of 0.9–1.4 MJ have been found at a distance of 5 AU.

Kepler-421 is a yellow main sequence star, being of spectral class G7V. Orange star of spectral class K9V, projected on sky plane just 1.085″ away, is not physically associated to it. The distance to star KOI-1274 A is approximately 1150 light-years, and to KOI-1274 B is about 1900 light-years.

Kepler-1625 is a 14th-magnitude solar-mass star located in the constellation of Cygnus approximately 8,000 light years away. Its mass is within 5% of that of the Sun, but its radius is approximately 70% larger reflecting its more evolved state. A candidate gas giant exoplanet was detected by the Kepler Mission around the star in 2015, which was later validated as a likely real planet to >99% confidence in 2016. In 2018, the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler project reported that this exoplanet has evidence for a Neptune-sized exomoon around it, based on observations from NASA’s Kepler Mission. Subsequent observations by the larger Hubble Space Telescope provided compounding evidence for a Neptune-sized satellite, with an on-going debate about the reality of this exomoon candidate.

GJ 9827 is a star in the constellation of Pisces. It is a K-type main-sequence star with an apparent magnitude of 10.250. It is 97 light-years away, based on parallax.

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HD 175289 is a binary star system. Its primary star, also known as Kepler-410A, is a F-type subgiant star, orbited by the orange dwarf star Kepler-410B on a wide orbit. The companion star was discovered in 2012.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Brown, A. G. A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (August 2018). "Gaia Data Release 2: Summary of the contents and survey properties". Astronomy & Astrophysics . 616. A1. arXiv: 1804.09365 . Bibcode: 2018A&A...616A...1G . doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201833051 . Gaia DR2 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Carter, J. A.; et al. (2012). "Kepler-36: A Pair of Planets with Neighboring Orbits and Dissimilar Densities". Science. 337 (6094): 556–559. arXiv: 1206.4718 . Bibcode:2012Sci...337..556C. doi:10.1126/science.1223269. PMID   22722249. S2CID   40245894.
  3. 1 2 Vissapragada, Shreyas; et al. (2020). "Diffuser-assisted Infrared Transit Photometry for Four Dynamically Interacting Kepler Systems". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (3). 108. arXiv: 1907.04445 . Bibcode:2020AJ....159..108V. doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab65c8. S2CID   195874295.
  4. "Kepler-36". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  5. Bodenheimer, P.; Stevenson, D.; Lissauer, J.; D'Angelo, G. (2018). "New Formation Models for the Kepler-36 System". The Astrophysical Journal. 868 (2): id. 138 (17 pp.). arXiv: 1810.07160 . Bibcode:2018ApJ...868..138B. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aae928. S2CID   59055335.