Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
---|---|
Constellation | Lyra |
Right ascension | 19h 17m 04.4930s [1] |
Declination | 42° 36′ 15.041″ [1] |
Characteristics | |
Apparent magnitude (J) | 13.814 [2] |
Apparent magnitude (H) | 13.436 [2] |
Apparent magnitude (K) | 13.347 [2] |
Astrometry | |
Proper motion (μ) | RA: 3.101(24) mas/yr [1] Dec.: 0.864(27) mas/yr [1] |
Parallax (π) | 1.2963 ± 0.0225 mas [1] |
Distance | 2,520 ± 40 ly (770 ± 10 pc) |
Absolute bolometric magnitude (Mbol) | 5.18 (predicted) [note 1] |
Details | |
Mass | 0.902+0.040 −0.038 [3] M☉ |
Radius | 0.938+0.038 −0.039 [3] R☉ |
Temperature | 5155±150 [3] K |
Metallicity [Fe/H] | 0.41±0.10 [3] [note 2] dex |
Rotation | 27.859±0.075 days [4] |
Age | 9.7+3.7 −3.5 [3] Gyr |
Other designations | |
Database references | |
SIMBAD | data |
KIC | data |
Kepler-46, previously designated KOI-872, is a star located in the constellation Lyra. Observed since 2009 by the Kepler space observatory, it has since been found to possess a planetary system consisting of at least three planets and while it has a similar mass to the Sun (90%) it is significantly older at ten billion years. [3]
Kepler-46 b (previously KOI-872.01), was the first planet discovered in the system. It was found through detailed analysis of Kepler space observatory data. An additional planet, Kepler-46 c, was discovered by an outside group using Kepler public data through analysis of transit timing variations. While only one additional planet was confirmed by the analysis, the study revealed the potential existence of an unconfirmed planet KOI-872.03 (KOI-872 d). [5] Validation by the multiplicity method confirmed the existence of this planet which was then renamed Kepler-46d.
Planet b is a gas giant planet with a mass slightly less than that of Jupiter. [3] The second planet in the system was among the first to be discovered through the method of transit timing variations, and through its confirmation of KOI-872 c with a 99% confidence level has shown that the method of detection may be used to detect future extrasolar planets and, possibly, extrasolar moons. [6] This second planet exerted a gravitational force on the first planet, orbiting its host star in just 34 days. While this usually occurs on an extremely regular schedule, additional planets within the system can disrupt the time of the transit, and these disruptions can indicate the presence of a planet, even if the disrupting planet does not pass in front of the host star itself. [6]
The data show that Kepler-46 c is an approximately Saturn-mass object with an orbital period of 57 days. [6] As the planet does not itself transit its host star, there is no way of knowing its size (probably a similar size to its sibling). The measurements also suggest the existence of another planet orbiting with a period of about 6.8 days, [5] and this planet was confirmed in 2016. [7]
The method in which the planet was detected is similar to the way that the planet Neptune was discovered, in which the newly discovered planet is detected by its pull on another which is already known to exist. [8]
In 2021, it was found the orbital plane of Kepler-46b is slowly changing, likely under the gravitational influence of the additional giant planet. [9]
Companion (in order from star) | Mass | Semimajor axis (AU) | Orbital period (days) | Eccentricity | Inclination | Radius |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
d | 3.339 M🜨 | 0.0679±0.0035 | 6.76671+0.00013 −0.00012 | 0(assumed) | 88.55+0.49 −0.69 ° | 0.1510+0.0094 −0.0098 RJ |
b | 0.885+0.374 −0.343 MJ | 0.1971±0.0001 | 33.648+0.004 −0.005 | 0.0321+0.0069 −0.0078 | 89.04±0.14 ° | 0.810+0.035 −0.36 RJ |
c | 0.362±0.016 MJ | 0.2811±0.0003 | 57.325+0.116 −0.098 | 0.0354+0.0057 −0.0059 | 88.66+0.26 −0.27 ° | — |
Kepler-9 is a sunlike star in the constellation Lyra. Its planetary system, discovered by the Kepler Mission in 2010 was the first detected with the transit method found to contain multiple planets.
Kepler-17 is a main-sequence yellow dwarf star that is much more active than the Sun with starspots covering roughly 6% of its surface. Starspots are long-lived, with at least one persisting for 1400 days.
Kepler-39 is an F-type main sequence star located in the constellation Cygnus. It is located about 3,560 light-years away. One known substellar companion orbits it, Kepler-39b.
Kepler-80, also known as KOI-500, is a red dwarf star of the spectral type M0V. This stellar classification places Kepler-80 among the very common, cool, class M stars that are still within their main evolutionary stage, known as the main sequence. Kepler-80, like other red dwarf stars, is smaller than the Sun, and it has both radius, mass, temperatures, and luminosity lower than that of our own star. Kepler-80 is found approximately 1,223 light years from the Solar System, in the stellar constellation Cygnus, also known as the Swan.
Kepler-32 is an M-type main sequence star located about 1070 light years from Earth, in the constellation of Cygnus. Discovered in January 2012 by the Kepler spacecraft, it shows a 0.58 ± 0.05 solar mass (M☉), a 0.53 ± 0.04 solar radius (R☉), and temperature of 3900.0 K, making it half the mass and radius of the Sun, two-thirds its temperature and 5% its luminosity.
Kepler-65 is a subgiant star slightly more massive than the Sun and has at least four planets.
Kepler-88 is a G-type star 1,230 light-years away in the constellation of Lyra, with three confirmed exoplanets. SIMBAD lists a subgiant spectral type of G8IV, while other sources give it a main sequence spectral type of G6V. The latter is more consistent with its properties.
Kepler-24 is a star in the northern constellation of Lyra. It is located at the celestial coordinates: Right Ascension 19h 21m 39.0s, Declination +38° 20′ 37″. With an apparent visual magnitude of 15.5, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye.
Kepler-25 is a star in the northern constellation of Lyra. It is slightly larger and more massive than the Sun, with a luminosity 21⁄2 times that of the Sun. With an apparent visual magnitude of 10.6, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye.
Kepler-26 is a star in the northern constellation of Lyra. It is located at the celestial coordinates: Right Ascension 18h 59m 45.8407s Declination +46° 33′ 59.438″. With an apparent visual magnitude of 15.5, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye.
Kepler-90g is a super-puff exoplanet orbiting the early G-type main sequence star Kepler-90, one of eight planets around this star discovered using NASA's Kepler space telescope. It is located about 2,840 light-years (870 pc) from Earth, in the constellation Draco. The exoplanet was found by using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. It orbits its parent star about every 210.5 days at a distance of 0.71 astronomical units.
Kepler-102 is a star 353 light-years away in the constellation of Lyra. Kepler-102 is less luminous than the Sun. The star system does not contain any observable amount of dust. Kepler-102 is suspected to be orbited by a binary consisting of two red dwarf stars, at projected separations of 591 and 627 AU.
Kepler-61 is a K-type main-sequence star approximately 1,100 light years from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It is located within the field of vision of the Kepler spacecraft, the satellite that NASA's Kepler Mission used to detect planets that may be transiting their stars. On April 24, 2013 it was announced that the star has an extrasolar planet orbiting in the inner edge of the habitable zone, named Kepler-61b.
Kepler-138, also known as KOI-314, is a red dwarf located in the constellation Lyra, 219 light years from Earth. It is located within the field of vision of the Kepler spacecraft, the satellite that NASA's Kepler Mission used to detect planets transiting their stars.
Kepler-30 is a star in the northern constellation of Lyra. It is located at the celestial coordinates: Right Ascension 19h 01m 08.0747s Declination +38° 56′ 50.219″. With an apparent visual magnitude of 15.5, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. Kepler-30 is exhibiting a strong starspot activity.
Kepler-28 is a star in the northern constellation of Cygnus., It is orbited by two exoplanets. It is located at the celestial coordinates: Right Ascension 19h 28m 32.8905s, Declination +42° 25′ 45.959″. With an apparent visual magnitude of 15.036, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye.
Kepler-43, formerly known as KOI-135, is a star in the northern constellation of Cygnus. It is located at the celestial coordinates: Right Ascension 19h 00m 57.8034s, Declination +46° 40′ 05.665″. With an apparent visual magnitude of 13.996, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. The Kepler-43 has a very strong starspot activity.
Kepler-419 is an F-type main-sequence star located about 3,280 light years from Earth in the constellation Cygnus. It is located within the field of vision of the Kepler spacecraft, the satellite that NASA's Kepler Mission used to detect planets that may be transiting their stars. In 2012, a potential planetary companion in a very eccentric orbit was detected around this star, but its planetary nature was not confirmed until 12 June 2014, when it was named Kepler-419b. A second planet was announced orbiting further out from the star in the same paper, named Kepler-419c.
Kepler-51 is a Sun-like star that is about 500 million years old. It is orbited by three super-puff planets—Kepler-51b, c, and d—which have the lowest known densities of any known exoplanet. The planets are similar in radius to gas giants like Jupiter, but have unusually small masses for their size, only a few times greater than Earth’s.