NGC 7013

Last updated
NGC 7013
NGC 7013 hst 06359 606.png
Hubble image of NGC 7013.
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension 21h 03m 33.6s [1]
Declination 29° 53′ 51″ [1]
Redshift 0.002598 [1]
Helio radial velocity 779 km/s [1]
Distance 37–41.4  Mly (11.3–12.7  Mpc) (estimated)
Apparent magnitude  (V)12.40 [1]
Characteristics
Type SA(r)0/a, LINER [1]
Size~43,680 ly (diameter)
Apparent size  (V)4.0 × 1.4 [1]
Other designations
IRAS 21014+2941, UGC 11670, MCG5-49-1, PGC 66003, CGCG 491-2 [1]

NGC 7013 is a relatively nearby spiral or lenticular galaxy [2] [3] estimated to be around 37 to 41.4 million light-years away from Earth [4] [5] in the constellation of Cygnus. [6] NGC 7013 was discovered by English astronomer William Herschel on July 17, 1784 and was also observed by his son, astronomer John Herschel on September 15, 1828. [7]

Contents

Physical characteristics

NGC 7013 is tilted 90° to the Earth's line of sight, [8] allowing its structure to be seen. However, NGC 7013 is classified as either as a spiral galaxy with tightly wound arms or as a lenticular galaxy. [2] [9] NGC 7013 is also considered part of a class of galactic nuclei that is defined by their spectral line emissions, called low-ionization nuclear emission-line region galaxies or LINERs. [9] [10] The galaxy appears to have two rings in its structure. The inner ring appears to completely disconnect from the central bulge while the stars in the outer ring appear to have very little spiral pattern. [2] Optical images of NGC 7013 show that it has a small bulge [11] with a bright inner ring and a faint disk both crossed by dust lanes. [3] A longer exposure of the galaxy made by the Palomar Observatory-National Geographic Sky Survey shows an extended disk around the bulge and the inner ring. The disk shows little structure except for a faint, thin spiral-like feature running through the galaxy. [3]

HI distribution

The neutral atomic hydrogen distribution in NGC 7013 is mostly located in the two rings. In between the two rings there is a very low concentration of interstellar medium. The low level of neutral atomic hydrogen in the disk of NGC 7013 and the reddish color of the galaxy suggests that the gas content of the galactic disc has fallen below the threshold at which star formation is likely to take place. The small bulge-to-disk ratio and the slow rotation velocity show that NGC 7013 is a low-mass, low-density galaxy unlike the more luminous, typical lenticular galaxies. The galaxy may thus be a former late-type spiral galaxy which have exhausted most of its interstellar gas, either by star formation or by internal sweeping. [3]

See also

Related Research Articles

NGC 404 Galaxy in constellation Andromeda

NGC 404 is a field galaxy located about 10 million light years away in the constellation Andromeda. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1784, and is visible through small telescopes. NGC 404 lies just beyond the Local Group and does not appear gravitationally bound to it. It is located within 7 arc-minutes of second magnitude star Mirach, making it a difficult target to observe or photograph and granting it the nickname "Mirach's Ghost".

NGC 2787 Barred lenticular galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 2787 is a barred lenticular galaxy approximately 24 million light-years away in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major. It was discovered on December 3, 1788 by German-born astronomer William Herschel. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "bright, pretty large, a little extended 90°, much brighter middle, mottled but not resolved, very small (faint) star involved to the southeast". The visible galaxy has an angular size of 2′.5 × 1′.5 and an apparent visual magnitude of 11.8.

Eyes Galaxies Pair of galaxies in the constellation Virgo

The Eyes Galaxies are a pair of galaxies about 52 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The pair are members of the string of galaxies known as Markarian's Chain.

NGC 278 Spiral galaxy in the constellation Cassiopeia

NGC 278 is an isolated spiral galaxy in the northern circumpolar constellation of Cassiopeia, near the southern constellation boundary with Andromeda. It lies at a distance of approximately 39 megalight-years from the Milky Way, giving it a physical scale of 190 ly (58 pc) per arcsecond. The galaxy was discovered on December 11, 1786 by German-born astronomer William Herschel. J. L. E. Dreyer described it as, "considerably bright, pretty large, round, 2 stars of 10th magnitude near".

NGC 4262 Lenticular galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices

NGC 4262 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation of Coma Berenices.

NGC 6217 Galaxy in the constellation Ursa Minor

NGC 6217 is a barred spiral galaxy located some 67 million light years away, in the constellation Ursa Minor. It can be located with a 10 cm (4 in) or larger telescope as an 11th magnitude object about 2.5° east-northeast of the star Zeta Ursae Minoris. The galaxy is inclined by an angle of 33° to the line of sight along a position angle of 162°.

NGC 3941 Barred lenticular galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3941 is a barred lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 40 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3941 is about 40,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel in 1787.

NGC 4608 Barred lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4608 is a barred lenticular galaxy located in the constellation of Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. At about 56 million light-years away, it is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

NGC 4429 Lenticular galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4429 is a lenticular galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation of Virgo. NGC 4429 is tilted at an inclination of about 75° which means that the galaxy is tilted almost edge-on as seen from Earth. NGC 4429 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on March 15, 1784. The galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

NGC 4476 Lenticular galaxy in the constellation of Virgo

NGC 4476 is a lenticular galaxy located about 55 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. NGC 4476 was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 12, 1784. The galaxy is a member of the Virgo Cluster.

NGC 3726 Spiral galaxy in the constellation Ursa Major

NGC 3726 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Ursa Major. It is located at a distance of circa 45 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 3726 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on February 5, 1788.

NGC 4586 Spiral galaxy in the constellation Virgo

NGC 4586 is a spiral galaxy located about 50 million light-years away in the constellation Virgo. The galaxy was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on February 2, 1786. Although listed in the Virgo Cluster Catalog, NGC 4586 is considered to be a member of the Virgo II Groups which form a southern extension of the Virgo cluster. NGC 4586 is currently in the process of infalling into the Virgo Cluster and is predicted to enter the cluster in about 500 million years.

NGC 3883 Spiral galaxy in the constellation Leo

NGC 3883 is a large low surface brightness spiral galaxy located about 330 million light-years away in the constellation Leo. NGC 3883 has a prominent bulge but does not host an AGN. The galaxy also has flocculent spiral arms in its disk. It was discovered by astronomer William Herschel on April 13, 1785 and is a member of the Leo Cluster.

NGC 615 Galaxy in the constellation Cetus

NGC 615 is an unbarred spiral galaxy seen edge-on located in the constellation Cetus. It is located at a distance of circa 70 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 615 is about 75,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on January 10, 1785. NGC 615 belongs to the NGC 584 galaxy group, which also includes the galaxies NGC 584, NGC 596, NGC 600, and NGC 636.

NGC 5965 Spiral galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 5965 is a spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located at a distance of circa 150 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 5965 is about 260,000 light years across. It was discovered by William Herschel on May 5, 1788. Two supernovae have been observed in NGC 5965, SN 2001 cm and SN 2018cyg.

NGC 1380 Lenticular galaxy in the constellation Fornax

NGC 1380 is a lenticular galaxy located in the constellation Fornax. It is located at a distance of circa 60 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 1380 is about 85,000 light years across. It was discovered by James Dunlop on September 2, 1826. It is a member of the Fornax Cluster.

NGC 973 Spiral galaxy in the constellation Triangulum

NGC 973 is a giant spiral galaxy located in the constellation Triangulum. It is located at a distance of circa 200 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 973 is about 230,000 light years across. It was discovered by Lewis Swift on October 30, 1885.

NGC 765 Intermediate spiral galaxy in the constellation Aries

NGC 765 is an intermediate spiral galaxy located in the constellation Aries. It is located at a distance of circa 220 million light years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that NGC 765 is about 195,000 light years across. It was discovered by Albert Marth on October 8, 1864. The galaxy has an extensive hydrogen (HI) disk with low surface brightness, whose diameter is estimated to be 240 kpc.

NGC 4513 Lenticular galaxy in the constellation Draco

NGC 4513 is a lenticular galaxy and a ring galaxy located about 110 million light-years away in the constellation Draco. It was discovered by astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on October 16, 1866.

NGC 4800 Spiral galaxy in constellation Canes Venatici

NGC 4800 is an isolated spiral galaxy in the constellation Canes Venatici, located at a distance of 95 megalight-years from the Milky Way. It was discovered by William Herschel on April 1, 1788. The morphological classification of this galaxy is SA(rs)b, indicating a spiral galaxy with no visual bar at the nucleus (SA), an incomplete ring structure (rs), and moderately-tightly wound spiral arms (b). The galactic plane is inclined to the line of sight by an angle of 43°, and the long axis is oriented along a position angle of 25°. There is a weak bar structure at the nucleus that is visible in the infrared.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database". Results for NGC 7013. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
  2. 1 2 3 "AstroImaging by Kent Biggs". www.kentbiggs.com. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
  3. 1 2 3 4 "Distribution and motions of atomic hydrogen in lenticular galaxies II. NGC 7013" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 133: 127. 27 October 1983. Bibcode:1984A&A...133..127S.
  4. ↑ Sanders, R. H.; Noordermeer, E. (2007). "Confrontation of Modified Newtonian Dynamics with the rotation curves of early-type disc galaxies". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 379 (2): 702–710. arXiv: astro-ph/0703352 . Bibcode:2007MNRAS.379..702S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.11981.x. S2CID   15527939.
  5. ↑ B.A. Williams, F. J. Kerr (21 December 1977). "H I observations of elliptical galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 222: 15. Bibcode:1978ApJ...222..800K. doi:10.1086/156199.
  6. ↑ Rojas, Sebastián García. "Galaxy NGC 7013 · Deep Sky Objects Browser". DSO Browser. Retrieved 2017-05-18.
  7. ↑ "New General Catalog Objects: NGC 7000 – 7049". cseligman.com. Retrieved 2017-04-15.
  8. ↑ V. L. Afanasiev, O. K. Sil’chenko (13 December 2001). "Chemically distinct nuclei and circumnuclear rings in lenticular galaxies NGC 4429 and NGC 7013" (PDF). Astronomy and Astrophysics. 385: 1–13. Bibcode:2002A&A...385....1S. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20020143 .
  9. 1 2 Normandin, George P. "NGC 7013, Spiral Galaxy". www.kopernik.org. Retrieved 2017-05-21.
  10. ↑ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2017-09-03.
  11. ↑ Prieto, M.; Aguerri, J. A. L.; Varela, A. M.; Muñoz-Tuñón, C. (15 February 2001). "Optical surface photometry of a sample of disk galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 367 (2): 405–427. arXiv: astro-ph/0012110 . Bibcode:2001A&A...367..405P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20000426. S2CID   55807769.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.