Kepler-1625

Last updated
Kepler-1625
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0       Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Cygnus
Right ascension 19h 41m 43.04008s [1]
Declination +39° 53′ 11.4990″ [1]
Characteristics
Apparent magnitude  (K)13.916 [2]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ)RA: −2.088(32)  mas/yr [1]
Dec.: −4.804(32)  mas/yr [1]
Parallax (π)0.4548 ± 0.0289  mas [1]
Distance 7,200 ± 500  ly
(2,200 ± 100  pc)
Details
Mass 1.04±0.08 [3]   M☉
Radius 1.73±0.24 [3]   R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)2.57±0.68 [3]   L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.99±0.10 [3]   cgs
Temperature 5563±86 [3]   K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.06±0.13 [3]   dex
Age 8.7±2.1 [3]   Gyr
Other designations
Kepler-1625, KOI-5084, KIC  4760478, 2MASS J19414304+3953115 [4]
Database references
SIMBAD data

Kepler-1625 is a 14th-magnitude solar-mass star located in the constellation of Cygnus approximately 7,200 light-years (2,200 parsecs ) away. Its mass is within 5% of that of the Sun, but its radius is approximately 70% larger reflecting its more evolved state. A candidate gas giant exoplanet was detected by the Kepler Mission around the star in 2015, [5] which was later validated as a real planet to >99% confidence in 2016. [6] In 2018, the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler project reported evidence for a Neptune-sized exomoon around this planet, based on observations from NASA’s Kepler mission and the Hubble Space Telescope. [7] [3] Subsequently, the evidence for and reality of this exomoon candidate has been subject to debate. [8] [9] [10] [11]

Contents

Stellar characteristics

Kepler-1625 is an approximately solar-mass star and yet is 1.7 times larger in diameter. [3] Its effective temperature is around 5,550 K, slightly lower than that of the Sun. [12] [3] These parameters suggest that Kepler-1625 may be a yellow subgiant nearing the end of its life, with an age of approximately 8.7 billion years. [3] The star has been observed to be photometrically quiet, with periodic variability below 0.02%. [10] Kepler-1625 is located approximately 7,200 light-years away [1] in the constellation Cygnus. [12]

Planetary system

The Kepler-1625 planetary system [3]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b ≤11.6 [13]   MJ 0.98±0.14287.3727±0.0022—89.97±0.02° 11.4±1.6  R🜨

The star is known to have one validated planet. Designated Kepler-1625b, it is a Jovian-sized planet orbiting its star every 287.3 Earth days. No other candidate transiting planets have been found around the star. [10]

Potential exomoon

The Kepler Mission recorded three planetary transits of Kepler-1625b from 2009 to 2013. [5] From these, anomalous out-of-transit flux decrements indicated the possible existence of a Neptune-sized exomoon, as first reported by the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler project in 2018. [7] The Kepler data were inconclusive and so the planetary transit was re-observed by the Hubble Space Telescope in October 2018. The light curve from Hubble exhibited evidence for both a moon-like transit and a transit timing variation, both of which were consistent as being caused by the same Neptune-sized moon in orbit of Kepler-1625b. [3] The transit timing variation has been independently recovered by two teams analyzing the same data. [8] [9] One of these teams also independently recovered the moon-like transit, but suggest that radial velocity measurements are needed to exclude the possibility of a close-in masquerading planet. [8] The other team are unable to recover the moon-like transit and suggested it may be an artifact of the data reduction. [9] This conclusion was challenged by the original team soon after, who showed that the other analysis exhibits larger systematics that may explain their differing conclusion. [10]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Exomoon</span> Moon beyond the Solar System

An exomoon or extrasolar moon is a natural satellite that orbits an exoplanet or other non-stellar extrasolar body.

HAT-P-11, also designated GSC 03561-02092 and Kepler-3, is an orange dwarf metal rich star about 123 light-years away in the constellation Cygnus. This star is notable for its relatively large rate of proper motion. The magnitude of this star is about 9, which means it is not visible to the naked eye but can be seen with a medium-sized amateur telescope on a clear dark night. The age of this star is about 6.5 billion years.

Gliese 221, also known as BD-06 1339, is a star with an exoplanetary companion in the equatorial constellation of Orion. It is too faint to be visible to the naked eye, having an apparent visual magnitude of 9.70 and an absolute magnitude of 8.15. Using parallax measurements, the distance to this system can be estimated as 66.2 light-years. It is receding from the Sun with a radial velocity of +23 km/s. This is a high proper motion star, traversing the celestial sphere at an angular rate of 0.333″·yr−1.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler</span> Space research project

The Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler (HEK) is a project whose aim is to search for exomoons, natural satellites of exoplanets, using data collected by the Kepler space telescope. Founded by British exomoonologist David Kipping and affiliated with the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian, HEK submitted its first paper on June 30, 2011. HEK has since submitted five more papers, finding some evidence for an exomoon around a planet orbiting Kepler-1625b in July 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-90g</span> Super-puff exoplanet in the constellation Draco

Kepler-90g is a super-puff exoplanet orbiting the early G-type main sequence star Kepler-90, one of eight planets around this star discovered using NASA's Kepler space telescope. It is located about 2,840 light-years (870 pc) from Earth, in the constellation Draco. The exoplanet was found by using the transit method, in which the dimming effect that a planet causes as it crosses in front of its star is measured. It orbits its parent star about every 210.5 days at a distance of 0.71 astronomical units.

Kepler-102 is a star 353 light-years away in the constellation of Lyra. Kepler-102 is less luminous than the Sun. The star system does not contain any observable amount of dust. Kepler-102 is suspected to be orbited by a binary consisting of two red dwarf stars, at projected separations of 591 and 627 AU.

Kepler-1625b is a super-Jupiter exoplanet orbiting the Sun-like star Kepler-1625 about 2,500 parsecs away in the constellation of Cygnus. The large gas giant is approximately the same radius as Jupiter, and orbits its star every 287.4 days. In 2017, hints of a Neptune-sized exomoon in orbit of the planet was found using photometric observations collected by the Kepler Mission. Further evidence for a Neptunian moon was found the following year using the Hubble Space Telescope, where two independent lines of evidence constrained the mass and radius to be Neptune-like. The mass-signature has been independently recovered by two other teams. However, the radius-signature was independently recovered by one of the teams but not the other. The original discovery team later showed that this latter study appears affected by systematic error sources that may influence their findings.

GJ 9827 is a star in the constellation of Pisces. It is a K-type main-sequence star with an apparent magnitude of 10.250. It is 97 light-years away, based on parallax.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HD 179070</span> Star in the constellation Lyra

HD 179070, also known as Kepler-21, is a star with a closely orbiting exoplanet in the northern constellation of Lyra. At an apparent visual magnitude of 8.25 this was the brightest star observed by the Kepler spacecraft to host a validated planet until the discovery of an exoplanet orbiting HD 212657 in 2018. This system is located at a distance of 354 light-years from the Sun based on parallax measurements, but is drifting closer with a radial velocity of −18.2 km/s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-1625b I</span> Possible exomoon orbiting Kepler-1625b in the constellation of Cygnus

Kepler-1625b I, a possible moon of exoplanet Kepler-1625b, may be the first exomoon ever discovered, and was first indicated after preliminary observations by the Kepler Space Telescope. A more thorough observing campaign by the Hubble Space Telescope took place in October 2017, ultimately leading to a discovery paper published in Science Advances in early October 2018. Studies related to the discovery of this moon suggest that the host exoplanet is up to several Jupiter masses in size, and the moon is thought to be approximately the mass of Neptune. Like several moons in the Solar System, the large exomoon would theoretically be able to host its own moon, called a subsatellite, in a stable orbit, although no evidence for such a subsatellite has been found.

WASP-49 is a yellow dwarf star, with a surface temperature of 5,600 K. WASP-49 is depleted of heavy elements relative to the Sun. It has a metallicity Fe/H index of –0.23, meaning it has 59% the iron level of the Sun.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-1638</span> G-type star in the constellation Cygnus

Kepler-1638 is a G-type main-sequence star located about 5,000 light years away in the constellation of Cygnus. One known exoplanet has been found orbiting the star: Kepler-1638b.As of January 2021, Kepler-1638 is the farthest star with a known exoplanet orbiting in the habitable zone.

Kepler-410 is a binary star system. Its primary star, also known as Kepler-410A, is a F-type subgiant star, orbited by the orange dwarf star Kepler-410B on a wide orbit. The companion star was discovered in 2012.

L 98-59 is a bright M dwarf star, located in the constellation of Volans, at a distance of 10.608 parsecs, as measured by Gaia.

Kepler-1708b is a Jupiter-sized exoplanet orbiting the Sun-like star Kepler-1708, located in the constellation of Cygnus approximately 5,600 light years away from Earth. It was first detected in 2011 by NASA's Kepler mission using the transit method, but was not identified as a candidate planet until 2019. In 2021, a candidate Neptune-sized exomoon in orbit around Kepler-1708b was found by astronomer David Kipping and colleagues in an analysis using Kepler transit data.

Kepler-1513 is a main-sequence star about 1,150 light-years away in the constellation Lyra. It has a late-G or early-K spectral type, and it hosts at least one, and likely two, exoplanets.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  2. ↑ "NASA Exoplanet archive" . Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Teachey, Alex; Kipping, David M. (2018). "Evidence for a Large Exomoon Orbiting Kepler-1625b" (PDF). Science Advances. 4 (10): eaav1784. arXiv: 1810.02362 . Bibcode:2018SciA....4.1784T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav1784. PMC   6170104 . PMID   30306135. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-25. Retrieved 2019-04-25.
  4. ↑ "Kepler-1625". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2020-08-19.
  5. 1 2 Mullally, Fergus; et al. (2015). "Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. VI. Planet Sample from Q1--Q16 (47 Months)". The Astrophysical Journal. 217 (2). 31. arXiv: 1502.02038 . Bibcode:2015ApJS..217...31M. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/31. S2CID   38448081.
  6. ↑ Morton, Timothy D.; et al. (2016). "False Positive Probabilities for all Kepler Objects of Interest: 1284 Newly Validated Planets and 428 Likely False Positives". The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2). 86. arXiv: 1605.02825 . Bibcode:2016ApJ...822...86M. doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/86 . S2CID   20832201.
  7. 1 2 Teachey, Alex; et al. (2018). "HEK VI: On the Dearth of Galilean Analogs in Kepler and the Exomoon Candidate Kepler-1625b I". The Astronomical Journal. 155 (1). 36. arXiv: 1707.08563 . Bibcode:2018AJ....155...36T. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/aa93f2 . S2CID   118911978.
  8. 1 2 3 Heller, Rene; Rodenbeck, Kai; Giovanni, Bruno (2019). "An alternative interpretation of the exomoon candidate signal in the combined Kepler and Hubble data of Kepler-1625". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 624: 95. arXiv: 1902.06018 . Bibcode:2019A&A...624A..95H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834913. S2CID   119311103.
  9. 1 2 3 Kreidberg, Laura; Luger, Rodrigo; Bedell, Megan (June 2019). "No Evidence for Lunar Transit in New Analysis of Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Kepler-1625 System". The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 877 (2): L15. arXiv: 1904.10618 . Bibcode:2019ApJ...877L..15K. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab20c8 . S2CID   129945202.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Teachey, Alex; Kipping, David M.; Burke, Christopher (2019). "Loose Ends for the Exomoon Candidate Host Kepler-1625b". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (4): 142. arXiv: 1904.11896 . Bibcode:2020AJ....159..142T. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab7001 . S2CID   135465103.
  11. ↑ Heller, René; Hippke, Michael (December 2023). "Large exomoons unlikely around Kepler-1625 b and Kepler-1708 b". Nature Astronomy . 8 (2): 193–206. arXiv: 2312.03786 . Bibcode:2024NatAs...8..193H. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-02148-w.
  12. 1 2 Mathur, Savita; Huber, Daniel; Batalha, Natalie M.; Ciardi, David R.; Bastien, Fabienne A.; Bieryla, Allyson; Buchhave, Lars A.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Furlan, Elise; Howard, Andrew; Howell, Steve B.; Isaacson, Howard; Latham, David W.; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Silva, David R. (2017). "Revised Stellar Properties of Kepler Targets for the Q1-17 (DR25) Transit Detection Run". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 229 (2): 30. arXiv: 1609.04128 . Bibcode:2017ApJS..229...30M. doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/229/2/30 . S2CID   39426786.
  13. ↑ Timmermann, Anina; Heller, Rene; Reiner, Ansgar; Zechmeister, Mathias (2020). "Radial velocity constraints on the long-period transiting planet Kepler-1625 b with CARMENES". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 635: 59. arXiv: 2001.10867 . Bibcode:2020A&A...635A..59T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937325. S2CID   210942758.
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