Kepler-1625

Last updated
Kepler-1625
Observation data
Epoch J2000.0       Equinox J2000.0
Constellation Cygnus [1]
Right ascension 19h 41m 43.04008s [2]
Declination +39° 53′ 11.4990″ [2]
Apparent magnitude  (V)16.1 [3]
Characteristics
Evolutionary stage subgiant [2] [4]
Spectral type G [5]
Apparent magnitude  (K)13.916 [6]
Astrometry
Proper motion (μ)RA: −2.088(32) mas/yr [2]
Dec.: −4.804(32) mas/yr [2]
Parallax (π)0.4548±0.0289  mas [2]
Distance 7,200 ± 500  ly
(2,200 ± 100  pc)
Details
Mass 1.04±0.08 [4]   M☉
Radius 1.73±0.24 [4]   R☉
Luminosity (bolometric)2.57±0.68 [4]   L☉
Surface gravity (log g)3.99±0.10 [4]   cgs
Temperature 5563±86 [4]   K
Metallicity [Fe/H]0.06±0.13 [4]   dex
Age 8.7±2.1 [4]   Gyr
Other designations
Kepler-1625, KOI-5084, KIC 4760478, 2MASS J19414304+3953115 [7]
Database references
SIMBAD data

Kepler-1625 is a 14th-magnitude solar-mass star located in the constellation of Cygnus approximately 7,200 light-years (2,200 parsecs ) away. Its mass is within 5% of that of the Sun, but its radius is approximately 70% larger reflecting its more evolved state. A candidate gas giant exoplanet was detected by the Kepler Mission around the star in 2015, [8] which was later validated as a real planet to >99% confidence in 2016. [9] In 2018, the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler project reported evidence for a Neptune-sized exomoon around this planet, based on observations from NASA's Kepler mission and the Hubble Space Telescope. [10] [4] Subsequently, the evidence for and reality of this exomoon candidate has been subject to debate. [11] [12] [13] [14]

Contents

Stellar characteristics

Kepler-1625 is an approximately solar-mass star and yet is 1.7 times larger in diameter. [4] Its effective temperature is around 5,550 K, slightly lower than that of the Sun. [15] [4] These parameters suggest that Kepler-1625 may be a yellow subgiant nearing the end of its life, with an age of approximately 8.7 billion years. [4] The star has been observed to be photometrically quiet, with periodic variability below 0.02%. [13] Kepler-1625 is located approximately 7,200 light-years away [2] in the constellation Cygnus. [15]

Planetary system

The Kepler-1625 planetary system [4]
Companion
(in order from star)		 Mass Semimajor axis
(AU)		 Orbital period
(days)		 Eccentricity Inclination Radius
b ≤11.6 [16]   MJ 0.98±0.14287.3727±0.0022—89.97±0.02 ° 11.4±1.6  R🜨

The star is known to have one validated planet. Designated Kepler-1625b, it is a Jovian-sized planet orbiting its star every 287.3 Earth days. No other candidate transiting planets have been found around the star. [13]

Potential exomoon

The Kepler Mission recorded three planetary transits of Kepler-1625b from 2009 to 2013. [8] From these, anomalous out-of-transit flux decrements indicated the possible existence of a Neptune-sized exomoon, as first reported by the Hunt for Exomoons with Kepler project in 2018. [10] The Kepler data were inconclusive and so the planetary transit was re-observed by the Hubble Space Telescope in October 2018. The light curve from Hubble exhibited evidence for both a moon-like transit and a transit timing variation, both of which were consistent as being caused by the same Neptune-sized moon in orbit of Kepler-1625b. [4] The transit timing variation has been independently recovered by two teams analyzing the same data. [11] [12] One of these teams also independently recovered the moon-like transit, but suggest that radial velocity measurements are needed to exclude the possibility of a close-in masquerading planet. [11] The other team are unable to recover the moon-like transit and suggested it may be an artifact of the data reduction. [12] This conclusion was challenged by the original team soon after, who showed that the other analysis exhibits larger systematics that may explain their differing conclusion. [13]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Roman, Nancy G. (1987). "Identification of a constellation from a position". Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific . 99 (617): 695. Bibcode:1987PASP...99..695R. doi: 10.1086/132034 . Constellation record for this object at VizieR.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Vallenari, A.; et al. (Gaia collaboration) (2023). "Gaia Data Release 3. Summary of the content and survey properties". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 674: A1. arXiv: 2208.00211 . Bibcode:2023A&A...674A...1G. doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243940 . S2CID   244398875. Gaia DR3 record for this source at VizieR.
  3. ↑ Furlan, E.; Ciardi, D. R.; Everett, M. E.; Saylors, M.; Teske, J. K.; Horch, E. P.; Howell, S. B.; Van Belle, G. T.; Hirsch, L. A.; Gautier, T. N., III; Adams, E. R.; Barrado, D.; Cartier, K. M. S.; Dressing, C. D.; Dupree, A. K.; Gilliland, R. L.; Lillo-Box, J.; Lucas, P. W.; Wang, J. (2017). "The Kepler Follow-up Observation Program. I. A Catalog of Companions to Kepler Stars from High-Resolution Imaging". The Astronomical Journal. 153 (2): 71. arXiv: 1612.02392 . Bibcode:2017AJ....153...71F. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/153/2/71 .
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Teachey, Alex; Kipping, David M. (2018). "Evidence for a Large Exomoon Orbiting Kepler-1625b". Science Advances. 4 (10): eaav1784. arXiv: 1810.02362 . Bibcode:2018SciA....4.1784T. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aav1784. PMC   6170104 . PMID   30306135.
  5. ↑ Mulders, Gijs D.; Pascucci, Ilaria; Apai, Dániel (2015). "An Increase in the Mass of Planetary Systems around Lower-mass Stars". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 130. arXiv: 1510.02481 . Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..130M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/130.
  6. ↑ "NASA Exoplanet archive" . Retrieved 2017-07-28.
  7. ↑ "Kepler-1625". SIMBAD . Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg . Retrieved 2020-08-19.
  8. 1 2 Mullally, Fergus; et al. (2015). "Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. VI. Planet Sample from Q1--Q16 (47 Months)". The Astrophysical Journal. 217 (2). 31. arXiv: 1502.02038 . Bibcode:2015ApJS..217...31M. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/217/2/31. S2CID   38448081.
  9. ↑ Morton, Timothy D.; et al. (2016). "False Positive Probabilities for all Kepler Objects of Interest: 1284 Newly Validated Planets and 428 Likely False Positives". The Astrophysical Journal. 822 (2). 86. arXiv: 1605.02825 . Bibcode:2016ApJ...822...86M. doi: 10.3847/0004-637X/822/2/86 . S2CID   20832201.
  10. 1 2 Teachey, Alex; et al. (2018). "HEK VI: On the Dearth of Galilean Analogs in Kepler and the Exomoon Candidate Kepler-1625b I". The Astronomical Journal. 155 (1). 36. arXiv: 1707.08563 . Bibcode:2018AJ....155...36T. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/aa93f2 . S2CID   118911978.
  11. 1 2 3 Heller, Rene; Rodenbeck, Kai; Giovanni, Bruno (2019). "An alternative interpretation of the exomoon candidate signal in the combined Kepler and Hubble data of Kepler-1625". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 624: 95. arXiv: 1902.06018 . Bibcode:2019A&A...624A..95H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834913. S2CID   119311103.
  12. 1 2 3 Kreidberg, Laura; Luger, Rodrigo; Bedell, Megan (June 2019). "No Evidence for Lunar Transit in New Analysis of Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Kepler-1625 System". The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 877 (2): L15. arXiv: 1904.10618 . Bibcode:2019ApJ...877L..15K. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab20c8 . S2CID   129945202.
  13. 1 2 3 4 Teachey, Alex; Kipping, David M.; Burke, Christopher (2019). "Loose Ends for the Exomoon Candidate Host Kepler-1625b". The Astronomical Journal. 159 (4): 142. arXiv: 1904.11896 . Bibcode:2020AJ....159..142T. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab7001 . S2CID   135465103.
  14. ↑ Heller, René; Hippke, Michael (December 2023). "Large exomoons unlikely around Kepler-1625 b and Kepler-1708 b". Nature Astronomy . 8 (2): 193–206. arXiv: 2312.03786 . Bibcode:2024NatAs...8..193H. doi:10.1038/s41550-023-02148-w.
  15. 1 2 Mathur, Savita; Huber, Daniel; Batalha, Natalie M.; Ciardi, David R.; Bastien, Fabienne A.; Bieryla, Allyson; Buchhave, Lars A.; Cochran, William D.; Endl, Michael; Esquerdo, Gilbert A.; Furlan, Elise; Howard, Andrew; Howell, Steve B.; Isaacson, Howard; Latham, David W.; MacQueen, Phillip J.; Silva, David R. (2017). "Revised Stellar Properties of Kepler Targets for the Q1-17 (DR25) Transit Detection Run". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 229 (2): 30. arXiv: 1609.04128 . Bibcode:2017ApJS..229...30M. doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/229/2/30 . S2CID   39426786.
  16. ↑ Timmermann, Anina; Heller, Rene; Reiner, Ansgar; Zechmeister, Mathias (2020). "Radial velocity constraints on the long-period transiting planet Kepler-1625 b with CARMENES". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 635: 59. arXiv: 2001.10867 . Bibcode:2020A&A...635A..59T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201937325. S2CID   210942758.
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