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A protoplanet is a large planetary embryo that originated within a protoplanetary disk and has undergone internal melting to produce a differentiated interior. Protoplanets are thought to form out of kilometer-sized planetesimals that gravitationally perturb each other's orbits and collide, gradually coalescing into the dominant planets.
The Hungarian Automated Telescope Network (HATNet) project is a network of six small fully automated "HAT" telescopes. The scientific goal of the project is to detect and characterize extrasolar planets using the transit method. This network is used also to find and follow bright variable stars. The network is maintained by the Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian.
Kepler-7b is one of the first five exoplanets to be confirmed by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, and was confirmed in the first 33.5 days of Kepler's science operations. It orbits a star slightly hotter and significantly larger than the Sun that is expected to soon reach the end of the main sequence. Kepler-7b is a hot Jupiter that is about half the mass of Jupiter, but is nearly 1.5 times its size; at the time of its discovery, Kepler-7b was the second most diffuse planet known, surpassed only by WASP-17b. It orbits its host star every five days at a distance of approximately 0,06 AU. Kepler-7b was announced at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society on January 4, 2010. It is the first extrasolar planet to have a crude map of cloud coverage.
HAT-P-14b, officially named Sissi also known as WASP-27b, is an extrasolar planet located approximately 224.2 ± 0.6 parsecs (731.2 ± 2.0 ly) away in the constellation of Hercules, orbiting the 10th magnitude F-type main-sequence star HAT-P-14. This planet was discovered in 2010 by the HATNet Project using the transit method. It was independently detected by the SuperWASP project.
A Kepler object of interest (KOI) is a star observed by the Kepler space telescope that is suspected of hosting one or more transiting planets. KOIs come from a master list of 150,000 stars, which itself is generated from the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). A KOI shows a periodic dimming, indicative of an unseen planet passing between the star and Earth, eclipsing part of the star. However, such an observed dimming is not a guarantee of a transiting planet, because other astronomical objects—such as an eclipsing binary in the background—can mimic a transit signal. For this reason, the majority of KOIs are as yet not confirmed transiting planet systems.
The NASA Exoplanet Archive is an online astronomical exoplanet catalog and data service that collects and serves public data that support the search for and characterization of extra-solar planets (exoplanets) and their host stars. It is part of the Infrared Processing and Analysis Center and is on the campus of the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in Pasadena, CA. The archive is funded by NASA and was launched in early December 2011 by the NASA Exoplanet Science Institute as part of NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program. In June 2019, the archive's collection of confirmed exoplanets surpassed 4,000.
Planet Hunters is a citizen science project to find exoplanets using human eyes. It does this by having users analyze data from the NASA Kepler space telescope and the NASA Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. It was launched by a team led by Debra Fischer at Yale University, as part of the Zooniverse project.
HD 38858 is a G-type star, much like The Sun, with one detected planet. The planet, designated HD 38858 b, is about twice the mass of Uranus and orbits in the star's habitable zone.
Kepler-56 is a red giant in constellation Cygnus roughly 3,060 light-years (940 pc) away with slightly more mass than the Sun.
NGTS-3Ab is a gas giant exoplanet that orbits a G-type star. Its mass is 2.38 Jupiters, it takes 1.7 days to complete one orbit of its star, and is 0.023 AU from its star. Its discovery was announced in 2018. The Jupiter-like planet is discovered by 39 astronomers, mainly Max Günther, Didier Queloz, Edward Gillen, Laetitia Delrez, and Francois Bouchy.
HD 38801 b is an extrasolar, gas giant planet located in the constellation of Orion whose discovery was announced in 2009 and was made using the radial velocity method. The object, with a mass roughly 12 times that of Jupiter, is located 324 light years from Earth orbiting 1.65 astronomical units from its G-type star, HD 38801. HD 38801 b, besides being the only planet in its system also lies within the inner habitable zone and takes around 1.9 years, or 693.5 days to complete a full orbit.
BD+60 1417b is a confirmed exoplanet discovered in the year 2021 using the imaging method. BD+60 1417b is the only known exoplanet in the system BD+60 1417, around 45 parsecs from Earth. BD+60 1417 is a young K0 star, while BD+60 1417 b has a late-L spectral type. The planet might be the first discovery of a directly imaged exoplanet found by a citizen scientist. Discovery of exoplanets involving amateurs are usually transiting exoplanets and are rarely discovered with other methods. Another example of a non-transiting exoplanet discovery by an amateur is the microlensing exoplanet Kojima-1Lb.
Kepler-87 is a star slightly more massive than the Sun and it is nearing the end of its main-sequence period.
Kepler-385 is an F-type main-sequence star located about 4,900 light-years away from Earth in the constellation of Cygnus. The star is 10% larger and 5% hotter than the Sun. The star has at least three, and potentially up to seven, exoplanets discovered orbiting it.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 "Kepler-289 | NASA Exoplanet Archive". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
- 1 2 3 Schmitt, Joseph R.; Agol, Eric; Deck, Katherine M.; Rogers, Leslie A.; Gazak, J. Zachary; Fischer, Debra A.; Wang, Ji; Holman, Matthew J.; Jek, Kian J.; Margossian, Charles; Omohundro, Mark R. (November 2014). "Planet Hunters. VII. Discovery of a New Low-mass, Low-density Planet (PH3c) Orbiting Kepler-289 with Mass Measurements of Two Additional Planets (PH3b and d)". Astrophysical Journal. 795 (2): 167. arXiv: 1410.8114 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...795..167S. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/795/2/167. hdl: 1721.1/93116 . ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 37872448.
- ↑ "Kepler-289 b". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
- ↑ "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Kepler-289b". exoplanet.eu. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
- ↑ Zacharias, N.; Finch, C.; Subasavage, J.; Bredthauer, G.; Crockett, C.; Divittorio, M.; Ferguson, E.; Harris, F.; Harris, H.; Henden, A.; Kilian, C. (October 2015). "The First U.S. Naval Observatory Robotic Astrometric Telescope Catalog". The Astronomical Journal. 150 (4): 101. arXiv: 1508.04637 . Bibcode:2015AJ....150..101Z. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/150/4/101. ISSN 0004-6256. S2CID 32535965.
- ↑ "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Kepler-289c". exoplanet.eu. Retrieved 10 September 2023.
- ↑ "Kepler-289 c". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
- ↑ "Kepler-289 d". exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2020-02-11.
- ↑ "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Kepler-289d". exoplanet.eu. Retrieved 10 September 2023.