Kepler-1658b

Last updated
Kepler-1658b
Discovery
Discovered by Ashley Chontos et al. (Kepler team)
Discovery dateFebruary 2019 (published 29 April 2019)
Transit (Kepler Mission)
Orbital characteristics [1]
0.0544 ± 0.0007  AU (8,140,000 ± 100,000 km)
Eccentricity 0.063+0.020
−0.019
3.84937278±0.00000080  d
Inclination 76.52°+0.58°
−0.59°
352.3°+1.9°
−3.4°
Star Kepler-1658 (KOI-4)
Physical characteristics [1]
Mean radius
1.07 RJ
Mass 5.88 MJ
Mean density
6,360 kg/m3 (10,720 lb/cu yd)
13.0  g
Albedo 0.785

    Kepler-1658b (or the Kepler object of interest, KOI-4.01) is a hot Jupiter, a type of gas giant exoplanet, [2] that orbits an F-type star called Kepler 1658, located about 2629 light-years away from the Solar System. [3] It is the first planet identified by the Kepler space telescope after its launch in 2009, but later ruled out as false alarm since its transit could not be confirmed. A study published in 2019 established it as a planet, [4] describing it as "the closest known planet in terms of orbital period to an evolved star." [5] Analysis of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) data in 2022 [6] showed that it is gradually spiraling into its star. [7]

    Contents

    History

    Named after German astronomer Johannes Kepler, [8] the Kepler space telescope was launched by NASA in 2009 [9] to discover planets orbiting other stars. [10] [11] In June 2010, data of the first observations were publicly announced that 705 stars indicated exoplanet candidates. In January 2011, identification of 305 stars as containing planets was published as the Kepler Input Catalogue. [12] The planets were designated as the Kepler object of interest (KOI). [13] An F-type star KOI-4 was among the observed exoplanetary system. Before 2009, KOI-1 to KOI-3 were already known as possible exoplanet bearing stars. [14] KOI-4.01 was thus the first exoplanet identified by the Kepler spacecraft. [5] [15]

    KOI-4.01 was seen as blocking a bit of starlight from the KOI-4, which indicated that it was a transiting planet. The size of KOI-4 was estimated to be slightly larger than the Sun, by about 1.1 times, with its planet about the size of Neptune. A secondary eclipse was observed that still showed a dip in starlight. Such dip was not expected to be coming from a planet as small as KOI-4.01. [14] The identification of the planet was ruled out as a false alarm. [16]

    In 2016, Ashley Chontos, then a first-year graduate student at the University of Hawaiʻi in Honolulu, started analysing the Kepler data. [14] She and her collaborators confirmed in February 2019 that KOI-4.01 is a real planet, [17] a hot Jupiter. [4] Chontos announced it on 5 March at NASA’s Kepler & K2 science conference in Glendale, California, [14] and published it on 29 April in The Astronomical Journal . The study described it as "the closest known planet in terms of orbital period to an evolved star" and an "insight into theories for hot Jupiter formation and migration." [5] The planet was named Kepler-1658b, referring to the entry number in the Kepler Catalogue. [2] After running out of fuel, the Kepler space telescope terminated in 2018, and the study was taken over by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). [18]

    Description

    KOI-4 is about 2.9 times the size of the Sun, [1] and not 1.1 times larger as initially estimated. [14] This estimate makes Kepler-1658b larger than Neptune, about 1.07 the size of Jupiter, with a mass of 5.88 Jupiters. Kepler-1658b is gas giant exoplanet, a type of hot Jupiter. [2] It is located 806 ± 18 parsecs (2,629 ± 59  ly ) and 0.0544 AU from KOI-4. [1] It takes 3.8 Earth-days to complete one orbit around its star. [19]

    TESS observations published in 2022 showed that Kepler-1658b has a decreasing orbital period at a rate of about 131+20
    −22     milliseconds per year and is spiralling into its star due to tidal deceleration, at which rate it will be consumed in around 2.5 million years. This is the second discovery of any planet whose orbit is decaying and heading for destruction towards its own star, after WASP-12b. [6] Scientists said that such process could explain how other planets, including the Earth, would end in the course of their host stars evolving to the giant star phase. [20]

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler space telescope</span> NASA satellite for exoplanetology (2009–2018)

    The Kepler space telescope is a defunct space telescope launched by NASA in 2009 to discover Earth-sized planets orbiting other stars. Named after astronomer Johannes Kepler, the spacecraft was launched into an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit. The principal investigator was William J. Borucki. After nine and a half years of operation, the telescope's reaction control system fuel was depleted, and NASA announced its retirement on October 30, 2018.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-7b</span> Hot Jupiter orbiting Kepler-7

    Kepler-7b is one of the first five exoplanets to be confirmed by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, and was confirmed in the first 33.5 days of Kepler's science operations. It orbits a star slightly hotter and significantly larger than the Sun that is expected to soon reach the end of the main sequence. Kepler-7b is a hot Jupiter that is about half the mass of Jupiter, but is nearly 1.5 times its size; at the time of its discovery, Kepler-7b was the second most diffuse planet known, surpassed only by WASP-17b. It orbits its host star every five days at a distance of approximately 0,06 AU. Kepler-7b was announced at a meeting of the American Astronomical Society on January 4, 2010. It is the first extrasolar planet to have a crude map of cloud coverage.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-4b</span> Extrasolar planet in the constellation Draco

    Kepler-4b, initially known as KOI 7.01, is an extrasolar planet first detected as a transit by the Kepler spacecraft. Its radius and mass are similar to that of Neptune; however, due to its proximity to its host star, it is substantially hotter than any planet in the Solar System. The planet's discovery was announced on January 4, 2010, in Washington, D.C., along with four other planets that were initially detected by the Kepler spacecraft and subsequently confirmed by telescopes at the W.M. Keck Observatory.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-8b</span> Extrasolar planet

    Kepler-8b is the fifth of the first five exoplanets discovered by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, which aims to discover planets in a region of the sky between the constellations Lyra and Cygnus that transit their host stars. The planet is the hottest of the five. Kepler-8b was the only planet discovered in Kepler-8's orbit, and is larger than Jupiter. It orbits its host star every 3.5 days. The planet also demonstrates the Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, where the planet's orbit affects the redshifting of the spectrum of the host star. Kepler-8b was announced to the public on January 4, 2010 at a conference in Washington, D.C. after radial velocity measurements conducted at the W.M. Keck Observatory confirmed its detection by Kepler.

    Kepler-4 is a sunlike star located about 1610 light-years away in the constellation Draco. It is in the field of view of the Kepler Mission, a NASA operation purposed with finding Earth-like planets. Kepler-4b, a Neptune-sized planet that orbits extremely close to its star, was discovered in its orbit and made public by the Kepler team on January 4, 2010. Kepler-4b was the first discovery by the Kepler satellite, and its confirmation helped to demonstrate the spacecraft's effectiveness.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Discoveries of exoplanets</span> Detecting planets located outside the Solar System

    An exoplanet is a planet located outside the Solar System. The first evidence of an exoplanet was noted as early as 1917, but was not recognized as such until 2016; no planet discovery has yet come from that evidence. What turned out to be the first detection of an exoplanet was published among a list of possible candidates in 1988, though not confirmed until 2003. The first confirmed detection came in 1992, with the discovery of terrestrial-mass planets orbiting the pulsar PSR B1257+12. The first confirmation of an exoplanet orbiting a main-sequence star was made in 1995, when a giant planet was found in a four-day orbit around the nearby star 51 Pegasi. Some exoplanets have been imaged directly by telescopes, but the vast majority have been detected through indirect methods, such as the transit method and the radial-velocity method. As of 1 January 2024, there are 5,576 confirmed exoplanets in 4,113 planetary systems, with 887 systems having more than one planet. This is a list of the most notable discoveries.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-10</span> Sunlike star in the constellation Draco

    Kepler-10, formerly known as KOI-72, is a Sun-like star in the constellation of Draco that lies 607 light-years from Earth. Kepler-10 was targeted by NASA's Kepler spacecraft, as it was seen as the first star identified by the Kepler mission that could be a possible host to a small, transiting exoplanet. The star is slightly less massive, slightly larger, and slightly cooler than the Sun; at an estimated 11.9 billion years in age, Kepler-10 is almost 2.6 times the age of the Sun.

    A Kepler object of interest (KOI) is a star observed by the Kepler space telescope that is suspected of hosting one or more transiting planets. KOIs come from a master list of 150,000 stars, which itself is generated from the Kepler Input Catalog (KIC). A KOI shows a periodic dimming, indicative of an unseen planet passing between the star and Earth, eclipsing part of the star. However, such an observed dimming is not a guarantee of a transiting planet, because other astronomical objects—such as an eclipsing binary in the background—can mimic a transit signal. For this reason, the majority of KOIs are as yet not confirmed transiting planet systems.

    Kepler-15 (also known as KOI-128 or KIC 11359879 is a G-type main sequence star with a mass of 1.018 solar masses and a radius of 1.253 solar radius. The star lies at a temperature of 5595 Kelvin.

    Kepler-22 is a Sun-like star in the northern constellation of Cygnus, the swan, that is orbited by a planet found to be unequivocally within the star's habitable zone. It is located at the celestial coordinates: Right Ascension 19h 16m 52.2s, Declination +47° 53′ 3.9″. With an apparent visual magnitude of 11.7, this star is too faint to be seen with the naked eye. It can be viewed with a telescope having an aperture of at least 4 in (10 cm). The estimated distance to Kepler-22 is 644 light-years.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-42</span> Red dwarf star in the constellation Cygnus

    Kepler-42, formerly known as KOI-961, is a red dwarf located in the constellation Cygnus and approximately 131 light years from the Sun. It has three known extrasolar planets, all of which are smaller than Earth in radius, and likely also in mass.

    Kepler-80, also known as KOI-500, is a red dwarf star of the spectral type M0V. This stellar classification places Kepler-80 among the very common, cool, class M stars that are still within their main evolutionary stage, known as the main sequence. Kepler-80, like other red dwarf stars, is smaller than the Sun, and it has both radius, mass, temperatures, and luminosity lower than that of our own star. Kepler-80 is found approximately 1,223 light years from the Solar System, in the stellar constellation Cygnus, also known as the Swan.

    Kepler-32 is an M-type main sequence star located about 1070 light years from Earth, in the constellation of Cygnus. Discovered in January 2012 by the Kepler spacecraft, it shows a 0.58 ± 0.05 solar mass (M☉), a 0.53 ± 0.04 solar radius (R☉), and temperature of 3900.0 K, making it half the mass and radius of the Sun, two-thirds its temperature and 5% its luminosity.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-69</span> Star in the constellation Cygnus

    Kepler-69 is a G-type main-sequence star similar to the Sun in the constellation Cygnus, located about 2,430 ly (750 pc) from Earth. On April 18, 2013 it was announced that the star has two planets. Although initial estimates indicated that the terrestrial planet Kepler-69c might be within the star's habitable zone, further analysis showed that the planet very likely is interior to the habitable zone and is far more analogous to Venus than to Earth and thus completely inhospitable.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Kepler-138</span> Red dwarf in the constellation Lyra

    Kepler-138, also known as KOI-314, is a red dwarf located in the constellation Lyra, 219 light years from Earth. It is located within the field of vision of the Kepler spacecraft, the satellite that NASA's Kepler Mission used to detect planets transiting their stars.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">KOI-256</span> Double star in the constellation Cygnus

    KOI-256 is a double star located in the constellation Cygnus approximately 575 light-years (176 pc) from Earth. While observations by the Kepler spacecraft suggested the system contained a gas giant exoplanet orbiting a red dwarf, later studies determined that KOI-256 was a binary system composed of the red dwarf orbiting a white dwarf.

    Kepler-13 or KOI-13 is a stellar triple star system consisting of Kepler-13A, around which an orbiting hot Jupiter exoplanet was discovered with the Kepler spacecraft in 2011, and Kepler-13B a common proper motion companion star which has an additional star orbiting it.

    Kepler-160 is a main-sequence star approximately the width of our Galactic arm away in the constellation Lyra, first studied in detail by the Kepler Mission, a NASA-led operation tasked with discovering terrestrial planets. The star, which is very similar to the Sun in mass and radius, has three confirmed planets and one unconfirmed planet orbiting it.

    References

    1. 1 2 3 4 "The Extrasolar Planet Encyclopaedia — Kepler-1658 b". Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia .
    2. 1 2 3 Hadhazy, Adam (2022-12-19). "Exoplanet spiraling toward its doom as it orbits aging star". Harvard Gazette. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
    3. ↑ "Is this the way Earth is going to die? Death of Exoplanet shows how". Hindustan Times Tech. 2022-12-20. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
    4. 1 2 Strickland, Ashley (2019-03-06). "Kepler's first exoplanet has been confirmed, 10 years after discovery". CNN. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
    5. 1 2 3 Chontos, Ashley; Huber, Daniel; Latham, David W.; Bieryla, Allyson; Eylen, Vincent Van; Bedding, Timothy R.; Berger, Travis; Buchhave, Lars A.; Campante, Tiago L.; Chaplin, William J.; Colman, Isabel L.; Coughlin, Jeff L.; Davies, Guy; Hirano, Teruyuki; Howard, Andrew W. (2019). "The Curious Case of KOI 4: Confirming Kepler ' s First Exoplanet Detection". The Astronomical Journal. 157 (5): 192. arXiv: 1903.01591 . Bibcode:2019AJ....157..192C. doi: 10.3847/1538-3881/ab0e8e . ISSN   1538-3881. S2CID   119240124.
    6. 1 2 Vissapragada, Shreyas; Chontos, Ashley; Greklek-McKeon, Michael; Knutson, Heather A.; Dai, Fei; González, Jorge Pérez; Grunblatt, Sam; Huber, Daniel; Saunders, Nicholas (2022). "The Possible Tidal Demise of Kepler's First Planetary System". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 941 (2): L31. arXiv: 2212.09752 . Bibcode:2022ApJ...941L..31V. doi: 10.3847/2041-8213/aca47e . ISSN   2041-8205. S2CID   254875671.
    7. ↑ "Kepler's first exoplanet is spiraling toward its doom". Science Magazine. 2022-12-19. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
    8. ↑ DeVore, Edna (June 9, 2008). "Closing in on Extrasolar Earths". Space.com. Retrieved March 14, 2009.
    9. ↑ "Kepler Launch". NASA . Retrieved September 18, 2009.
    10. ↑ "Kepler: About the Mission". NASA /Ames Research Center. 2013. Archived from the original on 2011-05-20. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
    11. ↑ Dunham, Edward W.; Gautier, Thomas N.; Borucki, William J. (August 2, 2010). "Statement from the Kepler Science Council". NASA /Ames Research Center. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved April 14, 2016.
    12. ↑ Brown, Timothy M.; Latham, David W.; Everett, Mark E.; Esquerdo, Gilbert A. (2011-10-01). "Kepler Input Catalog: Photometric Calibration and Stellar Classification". The Astronomical Journal. 142 (4): 112. arXiv: 1102.0342 . Bibcode:2011AJ....142..112B. doi:10.1088/0004-6256/142/4/112. ISSN   0004-6256. S2CID   119250819.
    13. ↑ Borucki, William J.; Koch, David G.; Basri, Gibor; Batalha, Natalie; Boss, Alan; Brown, Timothy M.; Caldwell, Douglas; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen; Cochran, William D.; DeVore, Edna; Dunham, Edward W.; Dupree, Andrea K.; Gautier III, Thomas N.; Geary, John C.; Gilliland, Ronald (2011). "Characteristics of Kepler Planetary Candidates Based on the First Data Set". The Astrophysical Journal. 728 (2): 117. arXiv: 1006.2799 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...728..117B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/728/2/117. ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   93116.
    14. 1 2 3 4 5 Grossman, Lisa (2019-03-05). "Kepler's first planet has finally been confirmed 10 years later" . Retrieved 2022-12-21.
    15. ↑ Borucki, William J.; Koch, David G.; Basri, Gibor; Batalha, Natalie; Brown, Timothy M.; Bryson, Stephen T.; Caldwell, Douglas; Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen; Cochran, William D.; DeVore, Edna; Dunham, Edward W.; Gautier, Thomas N.; Geary, John C.; Gilliland, Ronald; Gould, Alan (2011-07-20). "Characteristics of Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. II. Analysis of the First Four Months of Data". The Astrophysical Journal. 736 (1): 19. arXiv: 1102.0541 . Bibcode:2011ApJ...736...19B. doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/736/1/19 . ISSN   0004-637X. S2CID   15233153.
    16. ↑ "Kepler-1658 b, the First exoplanet spotted by Kepler finally confirmed". The Indian Express. 2019-03-07. Retrieved 2022-12-20.
    17. ↑ "Discovery Alert! Kepler's First Planet Candidate Confirmed, 10 Years Later". Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System. NASA. 2019-03-05. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
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    19. ↑ Brennan, Pat (2019). "Exoplanet-catalog". Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System. NASA. Retrieved 2022-12-21.
    20. ↑ Communications, Adam Hadhazy CfA (19 December 2022). "Exoplanet spiraling toward its doom as it orbits aging star". Harvard Gazette.
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