List of prehistoric brittle stars

Ophiopetra lithographica from the Lower Hienheim Beds (Lower Tithonian, Upper Jurassic) near Regensburg, Germany.

Furcaster paleozoicus Stürtz, 1886 (8.5 cm long) with current aligned arms from the Hunsrück Lagerstätte (Lower Devonian) of western Germany.

This list of prehistoric brittle stars is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera from the fossil record that have ever been considered to be ophiuroids, excluding purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful ( nomina dubia ), or were not formally published ( nomina nuda ), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered brittle stars.

Naming conventions and terminology

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Technical terms used include:

• Junior synonym : A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
• Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
• Nomen oblitum (Latin for "forgotten name"): A name that has not been used in the scientific community for more than fifty years after its original proposal.
• Preoccupied name : A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced. As preoccupied names are not valid generic names, they will also go unitalicized on this list.
• Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

The list

Genus Authors Year Status Age Location Notes Acinetaster Aganaster Amphiophiura Amphioplus Antiquaster Aplocoma Archaeophiomusium Arenorbis Argentinaster Armathyraster Aspiduriella Asteronyx Aulactis Bdellacoma Brezinacantha Thuy et al. [1] 2018 Bohemura Cheiropteraster Cholaster Crepidosoma Drepanaster Encrinaster Eophiura Eospondylus Euzonosoma Furcaster Geocoma gorgonocephalid Hallaster Hemieurylae Kentrospondylus Klasmura Lapworthura Loriolaster Lumectaster Marginaster Mastigactis Mastigophiura Medusaster Miospondylus Nullamphiura Onychaster Ophiacantha Ophiaulax Ophiocnida Ophiocoma Ophiocrossota Ophiocten Ophioglyphoida Ophiolancea Ophiomusium Ophiopetra Ophiopinna Ophiothrix Ophiotitanos Ophiotrigonum Ophiura Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Ophiurella Ophiurina Ophiuriocoma Paleocoma Palaeophiura Palaeura Phragmactis Pradesura Protaster Ptilonaster Rhopalocoma Schoenaster Silesiaster Sinosura Stenaster Stephanoura Stuertzaster Syntomospina Taeniaster Tremataster Urosoma Vandelcoaster Xanthamphiura

See also

• Paleontology portal
• Marine life portal

• List of prehistoric brittle stars
• List of prehistoric sea cucumbers
• List of crinoid genera

References

1. Thuy, Ben; Landman, Neil H.; Larson, Neal L.; Numberger-Thuy, Lea D. (2018). "Brittle-star mass occurrence on a Late Cretaceous methane seep from South Dakota, USA". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 9617. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.9617T. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-27326-z. PMC   6018167 . PMID   29941907.

• Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera (OPHIUROIDEA)". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 364: 560. Retrieved 2009-07-13.