List of princes of Transylvania

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This is a list of the princes of Transylvania.

List of princes

Sixteenth century

ReignPortraitPrinceBirthMarriageDeathNotesSource
1570–1571
Jan Zygmunt Zapolya.jpg
John Sigismund Zápolya 7 July 1540
Buda
son of
John I of Hungary
and
Isabella of Poland 		died unmarried14 March 1571
Gyulafehérvár 		former elected king of Hungary (1540–1551, 1559–1570) [1] [2]
1576–1586
Riehl Portrait of Stephen Bathory.jpg
Stephen Báthory 27 Sept 1533
Szilágysomlyó
son of
Stephen (VIII) Báthory
and
Catherine Telegdi 		Anna of Poland
(1576)
childless		12 December 1586
Grodno 		former voivode of Transylvania (1571–1576);
also king of Poland (1576–1586)		 [3] [4] [5]
1586–1598
Zsgmondbathory.jpg
Sigismund Báthory 1572
Várad
son of
Christopher Báthory
and
Erzsébet Bocskai		 Maria Christina of Austria
(1595)
childless		27 March 1613
first reign;
Prince Stephen Báthory's nephew;
former voivode of Transylvania (1581–1586);
abdicated for the duchies of Opole and Ratibor 		[3] [6] [7]
1598Transylvania is administered by imperial commissioners in the name of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor [8]
1598–1599
Zsgmondbathory.jpg
Sigismund Báthory 1572
Várad
son of
Christopher Báthory
and
Erzsébet Bocskai		 Maria Christina of Austria
(1595)
childless		27 March 1613
second reign;
abdicated in favor of his cousin, Andrew Báthory 		[6] [8]
1599
Andreas Bathory, polsk biskop (1589-99), malad 1688-1703 - Skoklosters slott - 98170.tif
Andrew Báthory 1566
Szilágysomlyó
son of
Andrew Báthory
and
Margit Majláth		unmarried3 November 1599
Csikszentdomokos (Sândominic) 		nephew of Prince Stephen Báthory, cousin of Prince Sigismund Báthory;
former Cardinal;
killed by Székelys after his defeat by Voivode Michael the Brave of Wallachia in the battle of Sellemberk 		[9] [10]
1599–1600Transylvania is administered by Voivode Michael the Brave of Wallachia, recognized by the Diet as imperial governor of Emperor Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor. In addition, Michael the Brave occupied Moldavia in 1600, and styled himself "By the grace of God, ruler of Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia" between 6 June 1600 and December 1600. In his correspondence with Emperor Rudolf II, he always styled himself locum tenens of the emperor. [11] [12] [13]

Seventeenth century

ReignPortraitPrinceBirthMarriageDeathNotesSource
1600–1601Transylvania is administered by General Giorgio Basta in the name of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor [11]
1601–1602
Zsgmondbathory.jpg
Sigismund Báthory 1572
Várad (Oradea)
son of
Christopher Báthory
and
Erzsébet Bocskai		 Maria Christina of Austria
(1595)
childless		27 March 1613
third reign;
fled abroad following his defeat by General Giorgio Basta and Michael the Brave in the battle of Goroszló, but before long he returned
abdicated		 [6] [14]
1601–1603Transylvania (or parts of Transylvania) is administered by General Giorgio Basta in the name of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor [15]
1603
Szekely Mozes.JPG
Moses Székely c. 1553
Lövéte (Lueta)
son of
János Székely		unknown (1st marriage)
Anna Kornis (2nd marriage)
(c. 1585)
1 child		17 July 1603
by Brassó 		backed by the Ottoman governor of the vilajet of Temesvár defeats Giorgio Basta;
having received the ahidnâme from Sultan Mehmed III, declared prince by a "Diet at military camp"
killed in the battle of Brassó fighting against Voivode Radu Şerban of Wallachia and his Székely allies		 [15] [16]
July 1603–September 1603Transylvania was ruled by Radu Şerban of Wallachia who held the title of voivode [17]
September 1603–1604Transylvania is administered by General Giorgio Basta in the name of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor [18]
1605–1606
4k ref portre bocskai.jpg
Stephen Bocskai 1 January 1557
Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca)
son of
George Bocskai
and
Krisztina Sulyok		Kata Hagymássy
(1583)
childless		29 December 1606
Kassa 		maternal uncle of Prince Sigismund Báthory;
elected prince of Hungary (1605–1606)		 [19] [20]
1607–1608
Sigismund Racoczi.jpg
Sigismund Rákóczi 1544
Felsővadász
son of
János Rákócsi
and
Sára Némethy		Judit Bekény (1st marriage)
(1587)
1 child
Anna Gerendi (2nd marriage)
(1592)
3 children
Borbála Telegdy (3rd marriage)
(1596)
childless		5 December 1608
Felsővadász 		baron (1588);
abdicated in favor of Gabriel Báthory
father of George I Rákóczi 		[21] [22]
1608–1613
BathoriG.jpg
Gabriel Báthory 15 August 1589
Várad (Oradea)
son of
Stephen Báthory
and
Zsuzsanna Bebek		Anna Palocsai-Horváth
(1607)
childless		27 October 1613
Várad (Oradea) 		his father is a nephew of Prince Stephen Báthory, himself is Prince Andrew Báthory's nephew;
also voivode of Wallachia (1611);
expelled by Ottoman troops assisting Gabriel Bethlen;
murdered by Hajdu assassins		 [23] [24]
1613–1629
GabrielBethlen.jpg
Gabriel Bethlen 15 November 1580
Marosillye
son of
Farkas Bethlen
and
Druzsina Lázár de Szárhegy		Zsuzsanna Károlyi (1st marriage)
(1605)
3 children (all died)
Catherine of Brandenburg
(1626)
childless		15 November 1629
Gyulafehérvár 		elected by Ottoman assistance;
also elected king of Hungary (1620–1621);
according to the Peace of Nikolsburg of 1621 also duke of Opole and Ratibor in Silesia (1621–1629);
according to the same peace, 7 counties (Abaúj, Bereg, Borsod, Szabolcs, Szatmár, Ugocsa, and Zemplén)[ citation needed ] are joined to the principality for his lifetime		 [25] [26]
1629–1630
KatharinaBrandSiebSaLau.jpg
Catherine of Brandenburg 28 May 1604
Brandenburg an der Havel [ verification needed ]
daughter of
John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg
and
Anna of Prussia 		Gabriel Bethlen (1st marriage)
(1626)
childless
Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg
(1639)		27 August 1649
Schöningen 		Prince Gabriel Bethlen's widow;
her right to success his husband confirmed in his life (1626) by the Diet;
usually referred to as "prince" instead of "princess";
abdicated		 [27] [28] [29]
1630
Bethlenistvanfejedelem.JPG
Stephen Bethlen 1584
son of
Farkas Bethlen
and
Druzsina Lázár de Szárhegy		Krisztina Csáky (1st marriage)
3 children[ verification needed ]
Katalin Károlyi
3 children[ verification needed ]		10 January 1648
Ecsed 		Prince Gabriel Bethlen's brother; elected by the Diet, but later opposed by George I Rákóczi [27] [30]
1630–1648
Rakoczi Gyorgy I.jpg
George I Rákóczi 8 June 1593
Szerencs
son of
Sigismund Rákóczi
and
Anna Gerendi		 Zsuzsanna Lorántffy
(1616)
4 children		11 October 1648
Gyulafehérvár 		Prince Sigismund Rákóczi's son [31]
1648–1657
Gheorghe Racoczy I.jpg
George II Rákóczi 30 January 1621
Sárospatak
son of
George I Rákóczi
and
Zsuzsanna Lorántffy 		Sophia Báthory
(1643)
2 children		7 June 1660
Várad (Oradea) 		first reign;
Prince George I Rákóczi's son;
elected prince by the Diet in his father's life (1642) in recognition of his right to succession;
deposed by the Ottoman Grand Vizier Mehmed Köprülü 		[32] [33]
(not installed)
I. Rakoczi Ferenc (1645-1676).jpg
Francis I Rákóczi 24 February 1645
Gyulafehérvár
son of
George II Rákóczi
and
Sophia Báthory 		Countess Ilona Zrínyi
(1666)
4 children		8 July 1676
Zboró 		elected prince by the Diet in his father's life (1652) in recognition of his right to succession;
never installed because of his father's fall		 [34]
1657–1658
RHEDEYFERENC.JPG
Francis Rhédey 1610
Várad (Oradea)
son of
Francis Rhédey
and
Kata Károlyi 		Druzsina Bethlen de Bethlen
1 child		7 May 1667
Huszt 		elected prince by the Diet against George II Rákóczi on the order of the Sublime Porte [35]
1658
Gheorghe Racoczy I.jpg
George II Rákóczi 30 January 1621
Sárospatak
son of
George I Rákóczi
and
Zsuzsanna Lorántffy 		Sophia Báthory
(1643)
2 children		7 June 1660
Várad (Oradea) 		second reign;
elected again prince by the Diet;
expelled by Ottoman troops		 [32]
1658–1659
Barcsayakos.jpg
Ákos Barcsay c. 1610
son of
Sándor Barcsay
and
Erzse Palatics		Erzsébet Szalánczy (1st marriage)
childless
Izabella Bánffy
(1660)
childless		July 1661
Kozmatelke 		first reign;
appointed by the Sublime Porte, then elected by the Diet against George II Rákóczi;
while visiting the Ottoman governor of the vilajet of Temesvár, his opponent returned to the principality		 [36]
1659–1660
I.rakoczi gyorgy.jpg
George II Rákóczi 30 January 1621
Sárospatak
son of
George I Rákóczi
and
Zsuzsanna Lorántffy 		Sophia Báthory
(1643)
2 children		7 June 1660
Várad (Oradea) 		third reign;
elected again prince by the Diet;
defeated in a battle at Szászfenes 		[32]
1660
Barcsayakos.jpg
Ákos Barcsay c. 1610
son of
Sándor Barcsay
and
Erzse Palatics		Erzsébet Szalánczy (1st marriage)
childless
Izabella Bánffy
(1660)
childless		July 1661
Kozmatelke 		second reign;
reinstalled by the Sublime Porte;
abdicated		 [36]
1661–1662
Johann Kemeny - Furst von Siebenburgen.jpg
John Kemény 14 December 1607
Magyarbükkös
son of
Balthasar Kemény
and
Zsófia Tornyi		Zsuzsa Kállai (1st marriage)
(1632)
1 child[ verification needed ]
Anna Lónyay
(1659)
1 child[ verification needed ]		22 January 1662
Nagyszőllős (Seleuș) 		[37]
1661–1690
Michael I Apafi.PNG
Michael I Apafi 3 November 1632
Ebesfalva
son of
George Apafi
and
Borbála Petki		 Anna Bornemissza
9 children		15 April 1690
Fogaras 		[38]
1690–1696 or 1701
Apafi MihalyII.jpg
Michael II Apafi 13 October 1676
Gyulafehérvár
son of
Michael I Apafi
and
Anna Bornemissza 		Countess Kata Bethlen
(1694)
childless		1 February 1713
Vienna 		Prince Michael I Apafi's son; elected prince by the Diet in his father's life (1681) in recognition of his right to succession;
never installed, since he was taken in 1696 by force to Vienna because of his marriage without the previous approval of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor;
abdicated of his title in 1701		 [39]
1690
Thokolyi.jpg
Emeric Thököly 25 September 1657
Késmárk
son of
Count Stephen Thököly
and
Mária Gyulaffi		Countess Ilona Zrínyi
(1683)
2 children		13 February 1705
İzmit 		Declared vassal king of Upper Hungary by Sultan Mehmed IV, never elected and crowned.[ citation needed ] [40]

Eighteenth century

ReignPortraitPrinceBirthMarriageDeathNotesSource
1704–1711
II. Rakoczi Ferenc Manyoki.jpg
Francis II Rákóczi 27 March 1676
Borsi
son of
Francis I Rákóczi
and
Countess Ilona Zrínyi 		Charlotte Amalie of Hessen-Rheinfels-Wanfried
(1694)
4 children		8 April 1735
Tekirdağ 		Prince Francis I Rákóczi's son [41]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ↑ Markó 2000, p. 110.
  2. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 252., 259-260.
  3. 1 2 Szegedi 2009, p. 101.
  4. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 99-100.
  5. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 260., 264-265.
  6. 1 2 3 Markó 2000, pp. 101-102.
  7. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 263., 293-295.
  8. 1 2 Barta 1994, p. 295.
  9. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 97-98.
  10. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 295-296.
  11. 1 2 Barta 1994, p. 296.
  12. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 112-113.
  13. ↑ Pop 2009, pp. 82-83.
  14. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 296-297.
  15. 1 2 Barta 1994, p. 297.
  16. ↑ Markó 2000, p. 120.
  17. ↑ Andea, Susana (2006). History of Romania: Compendium. Romanian Cultural Institute. ISBN   9789737784124.
  18. ↑ Markó 2000, p. 97.
  19. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 104-105.
  20. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 293., 298-299.
  21. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 118-119.
  22. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 304-305.
  23. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 98-99.
  24. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 305-309.
  25. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 102-103.
  26. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 314-315., 321-324.
  27. 1 2 Markó 2000, p. 104.
  28. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 314-315., 325-326.
  29. ↑ Deák 2009, pp. 82-83., 85., 88., 93.
  30. ↑ Barta 1994, p. 326.
  31. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 115-117.
  32. 1 2 3 Markó 2000, pp. 117-118.
  33. ↑ Barta 1994, pp. 352., 356.
  34. ↑ Markó 2000, p. 113.
  35. ↑ Markó 2000, p. 119.
  36. 1 2 Markó 2000, pp. 96-97.
  37. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 110-111.
  38. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 94-95.
  39. ↑ Markó 2000, p. 95.
  40. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 120–122.
  41. ↑ Markó 2000, pp. 113-115.

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References

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