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Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and lasting transatlantic trade route was established in 1566 with the Spanish West Indies fleets, following the voyages of Christopher Columbus.
Norddeutscher Lloyd was a German shipping company. It was founded by Hermann Henrich Meier and Eduard Crüsemann in Bremen on 20 February 1857. It developed into one of the most important German shipping companies of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and was instrumental in the economic development of Bremen and Bremerhaven. On 1 September 1970, the company merged with Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) to form Hapag-Lloyd AG.
SS Saale was an ocean liner for North German Lloyd in the late 19th century, which was severely damaged in the 1900 Hoboken Docks Fire. On 30 June 1900, Saale was moored at the North German Lloyd piers in Hoboken, New Jersey, preparing to depart on a transatlantic crossing when some cotton on a nearby pier caught on fire and spread to the ship. Saale and several other ships were soon engulfed in flames; 99 passengers and crew on Saale were killed in the fire and subsequent sinking.
SS Cleveland was a German transatlantic ocean liner that was launched in 1908 and scrapped in 1933. Cleveland was built for the Hamburg America Line (HAPAG) as a sister ship for Cincinnati.
SS Conte Rosso was an Italian transatlantic ocean liner that was built in Scotland in 1921–22, became a troop ship in the 1930s and was sunk by HMS Upholder in 1941.
SS Duchess of York was one of a class of four steam turbine ocean liners built in Glasgow in 1927–29 for Canadian Pacific Steamships Ltd's transatlantic service between Britain and Canada.
British Queen was a British passenger liner that was the second steamship completed for the transatlantic route when she was commissioned in 1839. She was the largest passenger ship in the world from 1839 to 1840, then being passed by the SS President. She was named in honor of Queen Victoria and owned by the British and American Steam Navigation Company. British Queen would have been the first transatlantic steamship had she not been delayed by 18 months because of the liquidation of the firm originally contracted to build her engine.
SS California was a twin-screw steamer that D. and W. Henderson and Company of Glasgow built for the Anchor Line in 1907 as a replacement for the aging ocean liner Astoria, which had been in continuous service since 1884. She worked the Glasgow to New York transatlantic route and was sunk by the German submarine SM U-85 on 7 February 1917.
MS Oslofjord was an ocean liner built in 1938 by A/G Weser Shipbuilders, Bremen, Germany, for Norwegian America Line. She was of 18,673 gross register tons, and could carry 860 passengers. She would had a uneventful career until in 1939 were two separate incidents happened. One 27 April 1939, Oslofjord collided with the American an pilot boat, and other were she struck a mine sinking her.
SS Duchess of Richmond was an ocean liner built in 1928 for Canadian Pacific Steamships by John Brown & Company in Clydebank, Scotland. In 1947 she was renamed SS Empress of Canada.
SS Black Osprey was a cargo ship for the American Diamond Lines and the British Cairn Line. She was formerly known as SS West Arrow when she was launched for the United States Shipping Board (USSB) during World War I. The ship was inspected by the United States Navy for possible use as USS West Arrow (ID-2585) but was neither taken into the Navy nor ever commissioned under that name.
USS Charles (ID-1298) was a troop transport that served in the United States Navy from 1918 to 1920 and was briefly in commission as USS Harvard in 1918 and 1920. She was better known in her role as passenger liner SS Harvard, one of the premier West Coast steamships operated by the Los Angeles Steamship Company.
Lavia was a cruise ship that caught fire and sank in Hong Kong Harbour in 1989. She was built for Cunard White Star Line in 1947 as the cargo liner Media. In 1961 she was sold to Italy, rebuilt as an ocean liner and renamed Flavia. In 1969, she was refitted as a cruise ship and renamed Flavian. In 1982 she was sold to Panama and renamed Lavia. She was undergoing a refit when the fire occurred. The damage to her was so great that she was scrapped.
This is a timeline of the world's largest passenger ships based upon internal volume, initially measured by gross register tonnage and later by gross tonnage. This timeline reflects the largest extant passenger ship in the world at any given time. If a given ship was superseded by another, scrapped, or lost at sea, it is then succeeded. Some records for tonnage outlived the ships that set them - notably the SS Great Eastern, and RMS Queen Elizabeth.
SS Grampian was a transatlantic ocean liner that was built in Scotland in 1907 and scrapped in the Netherlands in 1925. She was operated originally by Allan Line, and later by Canadian Pacific Steamships. In the First World War she remained in commercial service but carried Canadian troops. In 1919 she survived a collision with an iceberg. In 1921 she was gutted by fire while being refitted. The refit was abandoned, and in 1925–26 she was scrapped.
SS Veendam was a 15,450 GRT ton ocean liner built for the Holland America Line. Built in 1922 by Harland & Wolff Limited, in Govan, Glasgow, she would operate on transatlantic routes between New York and Rotterdam via the Caribbean Sea. In 1941 she was seized by the Kriegsmarine as an accommodation ship and in 1945 after heavy damage, she was returned to her former owners the Holland America Line. She would go on to serve for another eight years before she was scrapped in 1953 at Baltimore, Maryland. She was the sister ship of SS Volendam.
References
- ↑ "New York". Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ↑ "Newyork". Scottish Built Ships. Caledonian Maritime Research Trust. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ↑ "New York (2130373)" . Miramar Ship Index . Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ↑ "New York (2130450)" . Miramar Ship Index . Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ↑ "Esselen". DANFS. US Naval History and Heritage Command. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ↑ "New York (2213937)" . Miramar Ship Index . Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ↑ "New York (2223901)" . Miramar Ship Index . Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ↑ "New York (5606668)" . Miramar Ship Index . Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ↑ "Pilot Fleet". Sandy Hook Pilots Association. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
- ↑ "NEW YORK (539474)". Boat Data. Retrieved 16 June 2016.
