List of sugarcane diseases

Last updated

This article is a list of diseases of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrids).

Contents

Bacterial diseases

Bacterial diseases
Gumming disease Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. vasculorum
Leaf scald Xanthomonas albilineans
Mottled stripe Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans
Ratoon stunting disease Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli
Red stripe (top rot) Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae

Fungal diseases

Fungal diseases
Banded sclerotial (leaf) disease

Thanatephorus cucumeris
= Pellicularia sasakii
Rhizoctonia solani [anamorph]

Black rot

Ceratocystis adiposa
Chalara sp. [anamorph]

Black stripe

Cercospora atrofiliformis

Brown spot

Cercospora longipes

Brown stripe

Cochliobolus stenospilus
Bipolaris stenospila [anamorph]

Downy mildew

Peronosclerospora sacchari
= Sclerospora sacchari

Downy mildew, leaf splitting form

Peronosclerospora miscanthi
= Sclerospora mischanthi
Mycosphaerella striatiformans

Eye spot

Bipolaris sacchari
= Helminthosporium sacchari

Fusarium sett and stem rot

Gibberella fujikuroi
Fusarium moniliforme [anamorph]
Gibberella subglutinans

Iliau

Clypeoporthe iliau
= Gnomonia iliau
Phaeocytostroma iliau [anamorph]

Leaf blast

Didymosphaeria taiwanensis

Leaf blight

Leptosphaeria taiwanensis
Stagonospora tainanensis [anamorph]

Leaf scorch.

Stagonospora sacchari

Marasmius sheath and shoot blight

Marasmiellus stenophyllus
= Marasmius stenophyllus

Myriogenospora leaf binding (tangle top)

Myriogenospora aciculispora

Phyllosticta leaf spot

Phyllosticta hawaiiensis

Phytophthora rot of cuttings

Phytophthora spp.
Phytophthora megasperma

Pineapple disease

Ceratocystis paradoxa
Chalara paradoxa
= Thielaviopsis paradoxa [anamorph]

Pokkah boeng (that may have knife cut symptoms)

Gibberella fujikuroi
Fusarium moniliforme [anamorph]
Gibberella subglutinans

Red leaf spot (purple spot)

Dimeriella sacchari

Red rot

Glomerella tucumanensis
= Physalospora tucumanensis
Colletotrichum falcatum [anamorph]

Red rot of leaf sheath and sprout rot

Athelia rolfsii
= Pellicularia rolfsii
Sclerotium rolfsii [anamorph]

Red spot of leaf sheath

Mycovellosiella vaginae
= Cercospora vaginae

Rhizoctonia sheath and shoot rot

Rhizoctonia solani

Rind disease (sour rot)

Phaeocytostroma sacchari
= Pleocyta sacchari
= Melanconium sacchari

Ring spot

Leptosphaeria sacchari
Phyllosticta sp. [anamorph]

Root rots

Marasmius sacchari
Pythium arrhenomanes
Pythium graminicola
Rhizoctonia sp.
Unidentified Oomycete

Rust, common

Puccinia melanocephala
= Puccinia erianthi

Rust, orange

Puccinia kuehnii

Schizophyllum rot

Schizophyllum commune

Sclerophthora disease

Sclerophthora macrospora

Seedling blight

Alternaria alternata
Bipolaris sacchari
Cochliobolus hawaiiensis
Bipolaris hawaiiensis [anamorph]
Cochliobolus lunatus
Curvularia lunata [anamorph]
Curvularia senegalensis
Setosphaeria rostrata
Exserohilum rostratum [anamorph]
= Drechslera halodes

Sheath rot

Cytospora sacchari

Smut, culmicolous

Ustilago scitaminea

Target blotch

Helminthosporium sp.

Veneer blotch

Deightoniella papuana

White rash

Elsinoë sacchari
Sphaceloma sacchari [anamorph]

Wilt

Fusarium sacchari
= Cephalosporium sacchari

Yellow spot

Mycovellosiella koepkei
= Cercospora koepkei

Zonate leaf spot

Gloeocercospora sorghi

Miscellaneous diseases and disorders

Miscellaneous diseases and disorders
Bud proliferationUndetermined
Bunch topUndetermined
Cluster stoolUndetermined
Internal stalk necrosisUndetermined
Leaf freckleUndetermined
Leaf stipple
Multiple budsUndetermined
Stem gallsUndetermined

Nematodes, parasitic

Nematodes, parasitic
Lesion

Pratylenchus spp.

Root-knot

Meloidogyne spp.

Spiral

Helicotylenchus spp.
Rotylenchus spp.
Scutellonema spp.

Viral diseases

Viral diseases
Dwarf Sugarcane dwarf virus
Fiji disease Sugarcane Fiji disease virus
Mosaic Sugarcane mosaic virus
SerehVirus (assumed)
Streak disease Maize streak virus, sugarcane strain
Yellow LeafSugarcane Yellow Leaf Virus

Protozoan diseases

Protozoan diseases
Chlorotic streakPhytocercomonas venanatans [1] [2]

Phytoplasma diseases

Phytoplasmas were previously known as 'mycoplasma-like organisms' (MLOs). [3] [4]

Phytoplasma diseases
Grassy Shoot (SCGS),
Leaf Chlorosis,
Early Bud Sprouting,
Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Phytoplasma related to 'Candidatus Phytoplasma sacchari', [5]

Unsure causal agent diseases

Related Research Articles

<i>Phytoplasma</i> Genus of bacteria

Phytoplasmas are obligate intracellular parasites of plant phloem tissue and of the insect vectors that are involved in their plant-to-plant transmission. Phytoplasmas were discovered in 1967 by Japanese scientists who termed them mycoplasma-like organisms. Since their discovery, phytoplasmas have resisted all attempts at in vitro culture in any cell-free medium; routine cultivation in an artificial medium thus remains a major challenge. Phytoplasmas are characterized by the lack of a cell wall, a pleiomorphic or filamentous shape, a diameter normally less than 1 μm, and a very small genome.

<i>Diaporthe phaseolorum</i> Species of fungus

Diaporthe phaseolorum is a plant pathogen with five subspecies:

Rice hoja blanca tenuivirus (RHBV), meaning "white leaf rice virus", is a plant virus in the family Phenuiviridae. RHBV causes Hoja blanca disease (HBD), which affects the leaves of the rice plant Oryza sativa, stunting the growth of the plant or killing it altogether. RHBV is carried by an insect vector, Tagosodes orizicolus, a type of planthopper. The virus is found in South America, Mexico, throughout Central America, the Caribbean region, and the southern United States. In South America, the disease is endemic to Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Suriname, French Guiana and Guyana.

Banana streak virus (BSV) is a name given to various plant viruses in the genus Badnavirus.

Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV), of genus Hordevirus, is an RNA viral plant pathogen whose main hosts are barley and wheat. The common symptoms for BSMV are yellow streaks or spots, mosaic, leaves and stunted growth. It is spread primarily through infected seed and can be spread through mechanical transfer of an infected and uninfected host. Plants infected with BSMV are more symptomatic in warmer temperatures. Resistant hosts and sterilization of equipment are the best ways to control the spread of the pathogen. BSMV has been known to reduce the yields of barley by up to 25%, but is not a major problem because of resistant varieties of barley.

Bean yellow mosaic virus is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other members of the Potyvirus genus, it is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a capsid made for a single viral encoded protein. The virus is a filamentous particle that measures about 750 nm in length. This virus is transmitted by species of aphids and by mechanical inoculation.

<i>Prunus necrotic ringspot virus</i> Species of virus

Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) is a plant pathogenic virus causing ring spot diseases affecting species of the genus Prunus, as well as other species such as rose and hops. PNRSV is found worldwide due to easy transmission through plant propagation methods and infected seed. The virus is in the family Bromoviridae and genus Ilarvirus. Synonyms of PNRSV include European plum line pattern virus, hop B virus, hop C virus, plum line pattern virus, sour cherry necrotic ringspot virus, and peach ringspot virus.

Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus is a rod-shaped plant pathogen that can cause severe stunting and mosaic in susceptible wheat, barley and rye cultivars. The disease has often been misdiagnosed as a nutritional problem, but this has actually allowed in part for the fortuitous visual selection by breeding programs of resistant genotypes. Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus is part of the genus Furovirus. Members of this genus are characterized by rigid rod-shaped particles and positive sense RNA genomes consisting of two molecules that are packaged into separate particles that code for either replication, mobility, structure or defense against the host. The virus is spread by a fungal-like protist, Polymyxa graminis, whose asexual secondary and sexual primary cycles help the virus spread. The disease produces secondary symptoms from the root cell infection. The disease is a serious contributor to loss in crop yield.

<i>Sugarcane mosaic virus</i> Species of virus

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) is a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae. The virus was first noticed in Puerto Rico in 1916 and spread rapidly throughout the southern United States in the early 1920s. SCMV is of great concern because of the high economic impact it has on sugarcane and maize.

<i>Bamboo mosaic virus</i> Species of virus

Bamboo mosaic virus (BaMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potexvirus and the family Alphaflexiviridae. BaMV is a filamentous, flexuous rod, 490 nm in length and 15 nm in width. The virus has been fully sequenced and it is 6366 nucleotides long.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sugarcane grassy shoot disease</span> Bacterial disease in plants

Sugarcane grassy shoot disease (SCGS), is associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma sacchari’ which are small, pleomorphic, pathogenic bacteria that contributes to yield losses from 5% up to 20% in sugarcane. These losses are higher in the ratoon crop. A higher incidence of SCGS has been recorded in some parts of Southeast Asia and India, resulting in 100% loss in cane yield and sugar production.

<i>Squash mosaic virus</i> Species of virus

Squash mosaic virus (SqMV) is a mosaic virus disease common in squash plants and other plants, including melons, of the family Cucurbitaceae. It occurs worldwide. It is transmitted primarily by beetles, including the leaf beetle, spotted cucumber beetle, and 28-spotted ladybird beetle, as well as some other beetles. Plants are infected by the saliva expelled by the beetles as they feed upon the plant. The beetles acquire the virus by feeding upon an infected plant and can retain the virus in their bodies for up to 20 days. Unlike some other mosaic viruses that infect squashes, SqMV is not spread by aphids. In melons it can be spread by seeds. The results are dark green mosaic, blistering, vein clearing, yellowing of leaves, and hardening. Symptoms include "pronounced chlorotic mottle, green veinbanding, and distortion of leaves". Fruits of infected plants are also affected, becoming mottled and misshaped. There are two strains of this virus: strain 1 has a greater effect on melons than squash while the opposite is true of strain 2.

Soybean vein necrosis orthotospovirus is a plant pathogenic virus of soybeans. SVNV is a relatively new virus, which was discovered in Tennessee in 2008 and has recently been found in many US states from the Southeast and East coast to some western states including CA. This pathogen initially causes intraveinal chlorosis (yellowing) in leaves. This chlorosis then spreads throughout the leaf and eventually these chlorotic areas can become necrotic. It is a member of the order Bunyavirales, family Tospoviridae and genus Orthotospovirus, which is the only genus within this virus family that infects plants. Like other members of Bunyavirales, this virus is enveloped and has a negative sense single-stranded RNA (−ssRNA) genome composed of three genomic segments. It encodes proteins on the M and S segments in an ambisense manner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Northern corn leaf blight</span> Fungal disease of maize plants

Northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) or Turcicum leaf blight (TLB) is a foliar disease of corn (maize) caused by Exserohilum turcicum, the anamorph of the ascomycete Setosphaeria turcica. With its characteristic cigar-shaped lesions, this disease can cause significant yield loss in susceptible corn hybrids.

CandidatusPhytoplasma sacchari is a species of phytoplasma pathogen associated with sugarcane grassy shoot disease (SCGS). This SCGS phytoplasma belongs to the Rice Yellow Dwarf (RYD) group.

Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni is a species of phytoplasma in the class Mollicutes, a class of bacteria distinguished by the absence of a cell wall. The specific epithet pruni means "living on Prunus", emphasizing the fact that the phytoplasma is a parasite of various Prunus species, otherwise known as stone fruits. The phytoplasma is commonly called the X-disease phytoplasma.

<i>Colletotrichum fioriniae</i> Fungal species Colletotrichum fioriniae

Colletotrichum fioriniae is a fungal plant pathogen and endophyte of fruits and foliage of many broadleaved plants worldwide. It causes diseases on agriculturally important crops, including anthracnose of strawberry, ripe rot of grapes, bitter rot of apple, anthracnose of peach, and anthracnose of blueberry. Its ecological role in the natural environment is less well understood, other than it is a common leaf endophyte of many temperate trees and shrubs and in some cases may function as an entomopathogen.

The paracercomonads are a group of cercozoan protists. Taxonomically, they comprise the family Paracercomonadidae, order Paracercomonadida and subclass Paracercomonada. Due to their morphological similarities to the cercomonads, members of this family were grouped with Cercomonas and similar taxa from the beginning. However, their similarities are due to convergent evolution.

References

  1. Ngo, Chuong N.; Braithwaite, Kathryn S.; Bass, David; Young, Anthony J.; Croft, Barry J. (April 2018). "Phytocercomonas venanatans, a New Species of Cercozoa Associated with Chlorotic Streak of Sugarcane". Phytopathology. 108 (4): 479–486. doi: 10.1094/phyto-07-17-0237-r . ISSN   0031-949X. PMID   29256830.
  2. Braithwaite, Kathryn S.; Ngo, Chuong N.; Croft, Barry J. (April 2018). "Confirmation that the Novel Cercozoa Phytocercomonas venanatans Is the Cause of the Disease Chlorotic Streak in Sugarcane". Phytopathology. 108 (4): 487–494. doi: 10.1094/phyto-07-17-0236-r . ISSN   0031-949X. PMID   29153051.
  3. Nasare, Kanchan; Yadav, Amit; Singh, Anil K.; Shivasharanappa, K. B.; Nerkar, Y. S.; Reddy, V. S. (2007). "Molecular and Symptom Analysis Reveal the Presence of New Phytoplasmas Associated with Sugarcane Grassy Shoot Disease in India". Plant Disease. 91 (11): 1413–1418. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-91-11-1413 . PMID   30780751.
  4. Rao, G. P. and Ford, R. E. (2000) Vectors of virus and Phytoplasma diseases of Sugarcane: An Overview. In: Sugarcane Pathology, Vol. III. Virus and Phytoplasma diseases, G.P. Rao, R.E. Ford, M. Tosic and D.S. Teakle (Eds) Science Publishers, Hamshere, USA, Pg: 265-314.
  5. Kirdat, K; Tiwarekar, B; Thorat, V; Sathe, S; Shouche, Y; Yadav, A (January 2021). "'Candidatus Phytoplasma sacchari', a novel taxon - associated with Sugarcane Grassy Shoot (SCGS) disease". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 71 (1). doi: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004591 . PMID   33289626. S2CID   227948269.