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Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive and comprehend language. In other words,it is how human beings gain the ability to be aware of language,to understand it,and to produce and use words and sentences to communicate.
Baby talk is a type of speech associated with an older person speaking to a child or infant. It is also called caretaker speech,infant-directed speech (IDS),child-directed speech (CDS),child-directed language (CDL),caregiver register,parentese,or motherese.
Vocabulary development is a process by which people acquire words. Babbling shifts towards meaningful speech as infants grow and produce their first words around the age of one year. In early word learning,infants build their vocabulary slowly. By the age of 18 months,infants can typically produce about 50 words and begin to make word combinations.
Phonological awareness is an individual's awareness of the phonological structure,or sound structure,of words. Phonological awareness is an important and reliable predictor of later reading ability and has,therefore,been the focus of much research.
Language development in humans is a process which starts early in life. Infants start without knowing a language,yet by 10 months,babies can distinguish speech sounds and engage in babbling. Some research has shown that the earliest learning begins in utero when the fetus starts to recognize the sounds and speech patterns of its mother's voice and differentiate them from other sounds after birth.
Bootstrapping is a term used in language acquisition in the field of linguistics. It refers to the idea that humans are born innately equipped with a mental faculty that forms the basis of language. It is this language faculty that allows children to effortlessly acquire language. As a process,bootstrapping can be divided into different domains,according to whether it involves semantic bootstrapping,syntactic bootstrapping,prosodic bootstrapping,or pragmatic bootstrapping.
Developmental linguistics is the study of the development of linguistic ability in an individual,particularly the acquisition of language in childhood. It involves research into the different stages in language acquisition,language retention,and language loss in both first and second languages,in addition to the area of bilingualism. Before infants can speak,the neural circuits in their brains are constantly being influenced by exposure to language. Developmental linguistics supports the idea that linguistic analysis is not timeless,as claimed in other approaches,but time-sensitive,and is not autonomous –social-communicative as well as bio-neurological aspects have to be taken into account in determining the causes of linguistic developments.
A sentence word is a single word that forms a full sentence.
Katherine Nelson was an American developmental psychologist,and professor.
Dr Hollis Scarborough is an American psychologist and literacy expert who is a senior scientist at Haskins Laboratories in New Haven,Connecticut. She has been a leading researcher in the area of reading acquisition since 1981,and has been involved with efforts to improve US national policy on the teaching of reading.
Roberta Michnick Golinkoff holds the Unidel H. Rodney Sharp Chair in the School of Education at the University of Delaware and is also a member of the Departments of Psychological and Brain Sciences and Linguistics and Cognitive Science.
Janet F. Werker is a researcher in the field of developmental psychology. She researches the foundations of monolingual and bilingual infant language acquisition in infants at the University of British Columbia's Infant Studies Centre. Her research has pioneered what are now accepted baselines in the field,showing that language learning begins in early infancy and is shaped by experience across the first year of life.
In language acquisition,negative evidence is information concerning what is not possible in a language. Importantly,negative evidence does not show what is grammatical;that is positive evidence. In theory,negative evidence would help eliminate ungrammatical constructions by revealing what is not grammatical.
Direct negative evidence is a term used in the study of the acquisition of language. It describes the attempts of competent speakers of a language to guide the grammatical use of novice speakers,such as children.
Lois Holzman is director and co-founder of the East Side Institute in New York,New York,where she developed social therapy methods with Fred Newman. She is known for her research and work on play therapy,social therapy,and criticism of the medical model of mental health. She was instrumental in introducing the ideas of Lev Vygotsky to the fields of psychotherapy,organizational and community development. In 2014,Holzman received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Cultural-Historical Research Special Interest Group of the American Educational Research Association.
Lauren Bernstein Adamson was a developmental psychologist known for her research on communicative development,parent-child interaction,and joint attention in infants with typical and atypical developmental trajectories. She was a Regents' Professor Emerita of Psychology at Georgia State University.
Frances Degen Horowitz was an American developmental psychologist who served as President of the Graduate Center,City University of New York from 1991 to 2005. She was instrumental in raising the stature of the institution and moving it to its current location in the B. Altman and Company Building on Fifth Avenue of New York City.
Caroline F. Rowland is a British psychologist known for her work on child first language development,grammar acquisition,and the role of environment in child's language growth. Since 2016,she has been the Director of the Language Development Department at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen. She holds the position of Professor of First Language Acquisition by Special Appointment at Donders Centre for Cognition at Radboud University Nijmegen. She has also been an Honorary Research Associate in Psychological Sciences at University of Liverpool since 2018.
Lois Hayden Meek Stolz (1891–1984) was an American psychologist and educator in the field of child development and parent-child relations. She was a (full) professor of psychology at Stanford University and the author of several highly regarded texts.
Elika Bergelson is a language scientist known for her work on language acquisition and cognitive development. She was the principal investigator of the SEEDLingS project,a longitudinal study of word learning in infants from 6 to 18 months. Bergelson was selected for Forbes' 30 under 30 in 2015 for her work on language acquisition.
References
- ↑ "Lois Bloom, PH.D. Edward Lee Thorndike Professor Emeritus". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
- 1 2 "Lois Bloom, Biographical Sketch". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
- ↑ Bloom, Lois (1976). One Word at a Time: The Use of Single Word Utterances Before Syntax. De Gruyter Mouton.
- ↑ Bloom, Lois. (1991). Language development from two to three . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-40178-X. OCLC 22275184.
- ↑ Bloom, Lois. (1978). Language development and language disorders . Lahey, Margaret, 1932-. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-08220-1. OCLC 3168487.
- ↑ Bloom, Lois (1996). The Transition from Infancy to Language: Acquiring the Power of Expression. Cambridge University Press.
- ↑ "Eleanor Maccoby Book Award in Developmental Psychology". www.apadivisions.org. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
- ↑ "Penn State Child Study Center: Lois Bloom Lecture". csc.la.psu.edu. Retrieved 2022-10-22.
- ↑ "CURRICULUM VITAE". www.columbia.edu. Retrieved 2019-09-29.
- ↑ Bloom, Lois. (1970). Language development : form and function in emerging grammars . Cambridge, Mass.: M.I.T. Press. ISBN 0-262-02056-4. OCLC 119487.
- ↑ Blount, Ben (1973-12-01). "Linguistics: Language Development: Form and Function in Emerging Grammars. LOIS BLOOM". American Anthropologist. 75 (6): 1913–1915. doi: 10.1525/aa.1973.75.6.02a01050 . ISSN 1548-1433.
- ↑ "Honors Recipients". American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Retrieved 2019-11-25.
- ↑ "G. Stanley Hall Award for Distinguished Contribution to Developmental Psychology". www.apadivisions.org. Retrieved 2019-11-25.
- ↑ II, Ronald L. Jackson; Hogg, Michael A. (2010-06-29). Encyclopedia of Identity. SAGE. ISBN 978-1-4129-5153-1.
- ↑ Times, Israel Shenker Special to The New York (1971-08-07). "Psycholinguistics: A New Science Rises From Babble". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2019-10-29.
- ↑ "BUCLD 25 Proceedings". www.cascadilla.com. Retrieved 2019-10-27.
- ↑ Bloom, Lois; Tinker, Erin; Scholnick, Ellin Kofsky (2002). "The intentionality model and language acquisition: engagement, effort, and the essential tension in development". Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 66 (4). Washington: SRCD: i–viii, 1–91. doi:10.1111/1540-5834.00163. OCLC 749165916. PMID 11799833.
- ↑ Bloom, Lois; Tinker, Erin (2001). "The Intentionality Model and Language Acquisition: Engagement, Effort, and the Essential Tension in Development". Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development. 66 (4). Blackwell Publishers: i–viii, 1–91. doi:10.1111/1540-5834.00163. PMID 11799833.
- ↑ Berger, Joseph (1988-05-18). "Education; Words to Sentences, Mystery for Linguists". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2019-10-27.
