The economy of Eritrea has undergone extreme changes after the War of Independence. It experienced considerable growth in recent years,indicated by an improvement in gross domestic product in 2011 of 8.7 percent and in 2012 of 7.5% over 2011,and has a total of $8.090 billion as of 2020. However,worker remittances from abroad are estimated to account for 32 percent of gross domestic product.
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a specific time period by a country or countries. GDP is most often used by the government of a single country to measure its economic health. Due to its complex and subjective nature,this measure is often revised before being considered a reliable indicator.
The economy of Senegal is driven by mining,construction,tourism,fishing and agriculture,which are the main sources of employment in rural areas,despite abundant natural resources in iron,zircon,gas,gold,phosphates,and numerous oil discoveries recently. Senegal's economy gains most of its foreign exchange from fish,phosphates,groundnuts,tourism,and services. As one of the dominant parts of the economy,the agricultural sector of Senegal is highly vulnerable to environmental conditions,such as variations in rainfall and climate change,and changes in world commodity prices.
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a public research university in London,England,and a member institution of the University of London. Founded in 1895 by Fabian Society members Sidney Webb,Beatrice Webb,Graham Wallas,and George Bernard Shaw,LSE joined the University of London in 1900 and established its first degree courses under the auspices of the university in 1901. LSE began awarding its degrees in its own name in 2008,prior to which it awarded degrees of the University of London. It became a university in its own right within the University of London in 2022.
The world economy or global economy is the economy of all humans of the world,referring to the global economic system,which includes all economic activities which are conducted both within and between nations,including production,consumption,economic management,work in general,exchange of financial values and trade of goods and services. In some contexts,the two terms are distinct "international" or "global economy" being measured separately and distinguished from national economies,while the "world economy" is simply an aggregate of the separate countries' measurements. Beyond the minimum standard concerning value in production,use and exchange,the definitions,representations,models and valuations of the world economy vary widely. It is inseparable from the geography and ecology of planet Earth.
The economy of Europe comprises about 748 million people in 50 countries. The formation of the European Union (EU) and in 1999 the introduction of a unified currency,the Euro,brought participating European countries closer through the convenience of a shared currency. The European Union is a unique global organisation,an entity forming one of the largest economies in the world. The European Union also “regulates”the global market by the single market. The difference in wealth across Europe can be seen roughly in the former Cold War divide,with some countries breaching the divide. Whilst most European states have a GDP per capita higher than the world's average and are very highly developed,some European economies,despite their position over the world's average in the Human Development Index,are relatively poor. Europe has total banking assets of more than $50 trillion and its Global assets under management has more than $20 trillion.
Meghnad Jagdishchandra Desai,Baron Desai is an Indian-born naturalised British economist and former Labour politician. He stood unsuccessfully for the position of Lord Speaker in the House of Lords in 2011. He has been awarded the Padma Bhushan,the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India,in 2008. He is a Professor Emeritus of the London School of Economics.
Sir Christopher Antoniou Pissarides is a Cypriot economist. He is the School Professor of Economics and Political Science,Regius Professor of Economics at the London School of Economics,and Professor of European Studies at the University of Cyprus. His research focuses on topics of macroeconomics,notably labour,economic growth,and economic policy. In 2010,he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics,jointly with Peter A. Diamond and Dale Mortensen,"for their analysis of markets with theory of search frictions."
David Jonathan Andrew Held was a British political scientist who specialised in political theory and international relations. He held a joint appointment as Professor of Politics and International Relations,and was Master of University College,at Durham University until his death. He was also a visiting Professor of Political Science at Libera UniversitàInternazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli. Previously he was the Graham Wallas chair of Political Science and the co-director of the Centre for the Study of Global Governance at the London School of Economics.
Simon Zadek is a writer and advisor focused on business and sustainability. He is the Co-Director of the UNEP Inquiry into the Design of a Sustainable Financial System.
Nemat Talaat Shafik,Baroness Shafik,,also known as Minouche Shafik,is a British-American economist. She served as the President and Vice Chancellor of the London School of Economics from September 2017 to June 2023. On 1 July 2023,she became the 20th president of Columbia University,the first woman since its founding in the year 1754. She also serves on the board of directors of the Bill &Melinda Gates Foundation.
The Five Star Movement is a political party in Italy. Its leader and president is Giuseppe Conte,Prime Minister of Italy from 2018 until 2021. The M5S was founded on 4 October 2009 by Beppe Grillo,a political activist and comedian,and Gianroberto Casaleggio,a web strategist. The party is primarily described as populist,of the syncretic kind,due to its members' insistence that it has no place in the left–right political spectrum. The party is a proponent of green politics,progressivism and direct democracy.
The Centre for the Study of Governance Innovation (GovInn) is a research centre of the University of Pretoria. It was launched at the International Studies Association annual conference on 6 April 2013 and then in South Africa on 20 May 2013 by the University of Pretoria,with a keynote lecture by political scientist and activist Susan George.
LSE Cities is a research centre at the London School of Economics and Political Science.
Julia Mary Black is the strategic director of innovation and a professor of law at the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE). She was the interim director of the LSE,a post she held from September 2016 until September 2017,at which time Minouche Shafik took over the directorship. She is the president of the British Academy,the UK's national academy for the humanities and social sciences,and became the academy's second female president in July 2021 for a four-year term.
Science and technology in Botswana examines recent trends and developments in science,technology and innovation policy in this country. The Republic of Botswana was one of the first countries of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) to adopt a science and technology policy in 1998. This was later updated in 2011.
This article examines trends and developments in science and technology in Zimbabwe since 2009.
Science and technology in Tanzania describes developments and trends in higher education,science,technology,innovation policy,and governance in the United Republic of Tanzania since the turn of the century.
The second Conte government was the 66th government of the Italian Republic and the second government led by Giuseppe Conte. The government was sworn in on 5 September 2019 to 13 February 2021.
Mattia Fantinati is an Italian politician. He was the Undersecretary of the State for Pubblic Administration and Member of Italian Parliament in the XVII and XVIII legislatures.
