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The Rajya Sabha,constitutionally the Council of States,is the upper house of the bicameral Parliament of India. As of 2023,it has a maximum membership of 250,of which 238 are elected by the legislatures of the states and union territories using single transferable votes through open ballots,while the president can appoint 12 members for their contributions to art,literature,science,and social service. The total allowed capacity is 250 according to article 80 of the Indian Constitution. The current potential seating capacity of the Rajya Sabha is 245,after the Jammu and Kashmir (Reorganisation) Act,2019,the seats came down to 245. The maximum seats of 250 members can be filled up at the discretion and requirements of the house of Rajya Sabha.
The Lok Sabha,constitutionally the House of the People,is the lower house of India's bicameral Parliament,with the upper house being the Rajya Sabha. Members of the Lok Sabha are elected by an adult universal suffrage and a first-past-the-post system to represent their respective constituencies,and they hold their seats for five years or until the body is dissolved by the President on the advice of the council of ministers. The house meets in the Lok Sabha Chambers of the Parliament House,New Delhi.
The 14th Lok Sabha was convened after the 2004 Indian general election held in four phases during 20 April –10 May 2004,which led to the formation of first Manmohan Singh ministry (2004–2009). Indian National Congress-led United Progressive Alliance won 62 more seats than previous 13th Lok Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. 8 sitting members from Rajya Sabha,the Upper House of Indian Parliament,were elected to 14th Lok Sabha after the 2004 Indian general election.
The First Lok Sabha was constituted on 17 April 1952 after India's first general election. The 1st Lok Sabha lasted its full tenure of five years and was dissolved on 4 April 1957. The First Session of this Lok Sabha commenced on 13 May 1952.
The 13th Lok Sabha is the thirteenth session of the Lok Sabha. It was convened after 1999 Indian general election held during September–October 1999.
The 12th Lok Sabha,was constituted after the 1998 Indian general election held during February–March 1998. This was the second consecutive Lok Sabha,like the 11th Lok Sabha elections that did not provide the country with a stable government. Atal Bihari Vajpayee became the 10th Prime Minister of India but the government lasted for only about thirteen months due to no clear mandate. Also,the party was not able to get support from other parties,after the withdrawal of support by AIADMK. After his resignation,then President K. R. Narayanan asked Sonia Gandhi,the leader of the opposition in the Lok Sabha to form the government;however,Gandhi responded that the UPA would not be able to form a government at the center,following which President Narayanan dissolved the House. The next General elections of 1999 for 13th Lok Sabha provided India a stable government that lasted for full five years. Nine sitting members from Rajya Sabha,the Upper House of Indian Parliament,were elected to 12th Lok Sabha after the 1998 Indian general election.
The 11th Lok Sabha was constituted after April–May 1996 general elections. The result of the election was a hung parliament,which would see three Prime Ministers in two years and force the country back to the polls in 1998. Atal Bihari Vajpayee of Bharatiya Janata Party,the single largest party to win this election,winning 67 more seats than previous 10th Lok Sabha,formed the government which lasted for only 13 days.
The 9th Lok Sabha was elected during elections in 22–26 November 1989. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. Twelve sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 9th Lok Sabha after the 1989 Indian general election.
The 3rd Lok Sabha,was elected in February–March 1962. The Lok Sabha is the lower house in the Parliament of India. The election was held for 494 seats out of which Indian national congress won 361 seats. 14 sitting members from Rajya Sabha were elected to 3rd Lok Sabha after the 1962 Indian general election.
Parvathi Krishnan was an Indian politician from the Communist Party of India. She was a three time former Member of Parliament representing Coimbatore Lok Sabha constituency and Rajya Sabha member. She was the daughter of former Madras Presidency Premier P. Subbarayan.
Palas Barman,an Indian politician belonging to the Revolutionary Socialist Party. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Balurghat West Bengal in 1977,1980,1984,1989 and 1991. Barman died on 10 June 2000.
Basanta Kumar Das was an Indian Politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the Lower house of Indian Parliament from Contai constituency,West Bengal in 1952 and 1962. He was earlier a member of the Constituent Assembly of India representing West Bengal.
Ganga Devi was an Indian politician belonging to the Indian National Congress. She was elected to the Lok Sabha the lower house of Indian Parliament from Mohanlalganj in Uttar Pradesh in 1952,1957,1962,1967 and 1971. She was defeated in 1977 by Ram Lal Kureel.
Anil Kumar Yadav is an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,lower house of the Parliament of India from Khagaria,Bihar as member of the Janata Dal.
Subedar Prasad was an Indian politician belonging to the Bharatiya Janata Party. He was elected to the Lok Sabha the lower house of Indian Parliament from Robertsganj in Uttar Pradesh in 1989.
Kattiannan Arjunan is an Indian politician of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK).
Ram Kinkar (1922-2003) was an Indian politician. He was elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India from the Barabanki,Uttar Pradesh constituency of Uttar Pradesh as a member of the Janata Party. He was Deputy Minister for Education,Social Welfare,Food &Civil Supplies,Revenue etc. from February 17,to July 15,1970 and the Cabinet Minister for Sales Tax in Uttar Pradesh Government from July to October,1970 and for Forest,November,1970 to March 1971.
Mahanth Shyam Sunder Das was an Indian politician. He was elected to the lower House of the Indian Parliament the Lok Sabha from Sitamarhi,Bihar as a member of the Janata Party.
Mali Mariyappa was an Indian politician,elected to the Lok Sabha,the lower house of the Parliament of India as a member of the Indian National Congress.
The Secretary General of the Rajya Sabha is the administrative head of the Rajya Sabha Secretariat. The secretary general is appointed by the Chairman of Rajya Sabha. In Indian order of precedence,the post of secretary general is of the rank of Cabinet Secretary,who is the senior most bureaucrat in the Government of India.
References
- ↑ "General Elections, India, 1996- Constituency Wise Detailed Results" (PDF). Election Commission of India . Retrieved 23 October 2015.
- ↑ India. Parliament. Lok Sabha (2003). Indian Parliamentary Companion: Who's who of Members of Lok Sabha. Lok Sabha Secretariat. p. 193. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
- ↑ India. Parliament. Lok Sabha (1997). Lok Sabha Members. Lok Sabha Secretariat. p. 104. Retrieved 12 June 2016.