 | |
 | |
| 60°27′44″N26°14′17″E / 60.46222°N 26.23806°E | |
| Type | Fortress |
|---|---|
| Length | 60.462222 |
| Width | 26.238056 |
Loviisa Castle (Finnish: Loviisan maalinnoitus) is an earthen Fortress located in Loviisa, Finland. [1]
| | |
| | |
| 60°27′44″N26°14′17″E / 60.46222°N 26.23806°E | |
| Type | Fortress |
|---|---|
| Length | 60.462222 |
| Width | 26.238056 |
Loviisa Castle (Finnish: Loviisan maalinnoitus) is an earthen Fortress located in Loviisa, Finland. [1]
Wanting revenge for their defeat in the Great Northern War, Sweden launched the War of the Hats in 1741–1743. But his troops were badly equipped, badly trained and badly commanded, and they had to retreat through all of Finland. The entire eastern part will remain under Russian occupation, known as the little anger. By the Treaty of Turku of 1743, the new Swedish-Russian border passes from the western branch of the Kymijoki to the Saimaa. Sweden loses the towns of Hamina, Lappeenranta and Savonlinna as well as Hamina Fortress, Lappeenranta Fortress and Olavinlinna, leaving the new border unprotected. [2]
For the resumption of commercial activities, the town of Degerby was founded in 1745, which was renamed Loviisa in 1752 in honor of Loviisa Ulriika. Loviisa is a market town which it is hoped will provide trade for the eastern part of Finland. [3]
The fortification plan presented by Augustin Ehrensvärd to the Swedish Diet of 1746-1747 provides for four fortifications: Loviisa Fortress, Svartholm Fortress, a main fortress in Helsinki and Viapori. The Diet approves this defense plan for Finland and King Frederick I validates it definitively. Augustin Ehrensvärd is appointed lead architect and construction manager. [3]
Suomenlinna, or Sveaborg, is an inhabited sea fortress composed of eight islands, of which six have been fortified; it is about 4 km southeast of the city center of Helsinki, the capital of Finland. Suomenlinna is popular with tourists and locals, who enjoy it as a picturesque picnic site. Originally named Sveaborg, or Viapori as referred to by Finnish-speaking Finns, it was renamed in Finnish to Suomenlinna in 1918 for patriotic and nationalistic reasons, though it is still known by its original name in Sweden and by Swedish-speaking Finns. Due to its strategic geographical location, it sometimes used to be known as Gibraltar of the North.
Southern Finland was a province of Finland from 1997 to 2009. It bordered the provinces of Western Finland and Eastern Finland. It also bordered the Gulf of Finland and Russia.
Lappeenranta is a city in Finland and the regional capital of South Karelia. It is located in the southeastern interior of the country and in the Finnish Lakeland. The population of Lappeenranta is approximately 73,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 88,000. It is the 13th most populous municipality in Finland, and the 11th most populous urban area in the country.
Hamina is a town and a municipality of Finland. It is located approximately 145 km (90 mi) east of the country's capital Helsinki, in the Kymenlaakso region, and formerly the province of Southern Finland. The municipality's population is 19,534 and covers an area of 1,155.14 square kilometres (446.00 sq mi), of which 545.66 km2 (210.68 sq mi) is water. The population density is 32.03 inhabitants per square kilometre (83.0/sq mi). The population of the central town is approximately 10,000. The municipal language of Hamina is Finnish.
Loviisa is a town in Finland, located in the southern coast of the country. Loviisa is situated in the eastern part of the Uusimaa region. The population of Loviisa is approximately 14,000, while the sub-region has a population of approximately 17,000. It is the 78th most populous municipality in Finland.
The Salpa Line, or its official name, Suomen Salpa, is a bunker line on the eastern border of Finland. It was built in 1940–1941 during the Interim Peace between the Winter War and the Continuation War and further in 1944 to defend Finland against a possible Soviet invasion.
The Treaty of Åbo or the Treaty of Turku was a peace treaty signed between the Russian Empire and Sweden in Åbo on 18 August [O.S. 7 August] 1743 in the end of the Russo-Swedish War of 1741–1743.
The Svartholm fortress was built between 1749 and 1764 outside Loviisa in Southern Finland by Augustin Ehrensvärd. The fortress, which lies at the mouth of the Bay of Loviisa, along with the planned land fortress at Loviisa, would have prevented invading Russian forces from entering what was then Swedish territory in present-day Finland.
The Finnish National Defence University is a military university located in Helsinki. The university trains officers for the Finnish Defence Forces and the Finnish Border Guard. The main campus is located in Santahamina, Helsinki.
Viipuri Province was a historical province of Finland from 1812 to 1945.
Relations between Finland and Russia have been conducted over many centuries, from wars between Sweden and Russia in the early 18th century, to the planned and realized creation and annexation of the Grand Duchy of Finland during Napoleonic times in the early 19th century, to the dissolution of the personal union between Russia and Finland after the forced abdication of Russia's last czar in 1917, and subsequent birth of modern Finland. Finland had its own civil war with involvement by Soviet Russia, was later invaded by the USSR, and had its internal politics influenced by it. Relations since then have been both warm and cool, fluctuating with time.
Finnish national road 7 is a highway in Finland. It runs from Erottaja in Helsinki to the Russian frontier at the Vaalimaa border crossing point in Virolahti. The road is 189 kilometres (117 mi) long. The road is also European route E18 and it is a part of TERN.
Ruotsinsalmi sea fortress is a fortification system in Kotka, Finland. It is part of the South-Eastern Finland fortification system built by Russia after Russo-Swedish War of 1788-1790. Ruotsinsalmi sea fortress formed the southern part of a double fortress together with Kyminlinna and it was built to counter the Swedish sea fortresses of Svartholm in Loviisa and Sveaborg (Suomenlinna) in Helsinki. Ruotsinsalmi also acted as an outpost of the Kronstadt sea fortress in Saint Petersburg. During the Crimean War, a British-French fleet destroyed the Ruotsinsalmi fortifications in 1855.
South-Eastern Finland fortification system is an extensive defensive system formed by three concentric fortress chains in South-East Finland built by Russia in the 1790s. The purpose of the fortification system was to protect the capital of the Russian Empire, Saint Petersburg, from a possible Swedish attack.
Hamina Fortress is located in Finland on the coast of the Gulf of Finland and it is an integral part of the Hamina city centre. Hamina fortress is a Star fort, representing the Renaissance ideal city embodied by Palmanova city in northeastern Italy.
Kärnäkoski Fortress is a bastion fortress in Finland located in Kärnäkoski, Savitaipale built by Russia between 1791 and 1793 to protect Saint Petersburg.
Liikkala Fortress is a fortress in Kouvola, Finland. It was built in 1790s as a part of a larger South-Eastern Finland fortification system to protect Saint Petersburg, the capital of the Russian Empire.
The Port of Loviisa is a Baltic seaport in the city of Loviisa, located on the south coast of Finland and the northern shore of the Gulf of Finland. It is situated in the Valko district of Loviisa, and is also known as the Port of Valko.
Lappeenranta Fortress is a fortress located in Lappeenranta, Finland.
Hanko Fortress was a fortress built in Hanko at the end of the 18th century, which consisted of the Gustavsvärn, Meijerfeldt and Gustaf Adolf fortresses built on rock outcrops, and the Kuningattarenvuori fortresses located on the mainland. The island fortresses formed a triangle that protected the sea channel leading to the port of Hanko.