Ludowici Roof Tile

Last updated
Ludowici Roof Tile, LLC.
Company type Private
IndustryArchitectural manufacturer
PredecessorsCeladon Terra Cotta Company, Ludowici Roofing Tile Company, Celadon Roofing Tile Company, Ludowici-Celadon Inc.
Founded1888 (as Celadon Terra Cotta Company) (1888 (as Celadon Terra Cotta Company)), Alfred, New York, U.S.
Headquarters,
United States
Key people
ProductsRoofing Tile, Floor Tile, Wall Cladding
Website ludowici.com

Ludowici Roof Tile, LLC., based in New Lexington, Ohio, is an American manufacturer of clay roof tiles, floor tiles, and wall cladding. The company was established in 1888 with the formation of the Celadon Terra Cotta Company in Alfred, New York. It has created tile for many prominent buildings throughout the United States. [1]

Contents

History

Ludowici Roofing Tile Company

Carl Ludowici was a machinist in Ensheim, Germany and in 1857 he purchased a local roof tile factory and upgraded it with machines of his own design, founding the Carl Ludowici Ziegelwerke. The firm moved to a factory in Ludwigshafen in 1861 and slowly grew, largely due to the innovative nature of Ludowici's steam-powered tile press. After Carl's death in 1881, his sons Wilhelm and Franz took over the company, with Franz taking over business management and Wilhelm leading design and development. The company largely relocated to Jockgrim, where it grew into one of the major German tile manufacturers of its era. [2] [3]

In 1893 the Ludowicis licensed their patents and designs to the newly formed Ludowici Roofing Tile Company of Chicago. This company exhibited tiles at the World's Columbian Exposition that year and with its factory in Chicago Heights grew to become a leading producer of roof tiles by the turn of the century. [4] [5]

Ludowici built a factory in the unincorporated community of Liberty City, Georgia in 1902. As a tribute to the company, the city was incorporated as Ludowici, Georgia in 1905.

Celadon Terra Cotta Company

Celadon Company office building seen in 2012 Alfred Terra Cotta House.jpg
Celadon Company office building seen in 2012

In 1888 a sculpting professor at Alfred University in Alfred, New York, found that the local supply of clay was well-suited for ornamental sculpting work, and found other local investors to form the Celadon Terra Cotta Company, named for the green hue the clay took on when salt-fired. [6] After visiting a friend in the area, George Herman Babcock became interested in the possibilities of terra cotta and bought stock, eventually becoming president of the company. As president he filed patents for multiple profiles of tile, such as the Conosera tile and unique combination tiles with different designs but a standard base, allowing for multiple styles of interlocking tile to be used on the same roof. [7] [8]

Babcock died in 1893, but the company continued to grow as it shifted focus towards roofing tile, and was renamed the Celadon Roofing Tile Company in 1900. [9] Shortly after this the New York State School of Clay-Working and Ceramics was established at Alfred University after lobbying by Celadon executives and others. The presence of this school allowed the company to collaborate with leading ceramicists of the time such as Charles Fergus Binns, who did extensive consulting work with Celadon. [10]

The Celadon Company purchased the Imperial Clay Company in 1905 and gained its factory in New Lexington, Ohio. [11]

Ludowici-Celadon Company

Remains of the Alfred, New York factory after fire, December 1909 PostcardAlfredNYTerraCottaTileCoFactory1910.jpg
Remains of the Alfred, New York factory after fire, December 1909

In 1906 the companies merged to form the Ludowici-Celadon Company. [12] A plant in Coffeyville, Kansas was purchased in 1908, and in 1909 the factory in Alfred, New York burned to the ground. The company never rebuilt in the village, but the original Celadon Company office survived and remains there to this day. [13]

The factory in Ludowici, Georgia largely produced tiles for regional sales and had seen a decline in demand since the completion of tiles for the Panama Canal Zone. In October, 1913 the factory closed, and the next month the Ludowici-Celadon factory in Chicago Heights burned down, leaving the company with only its factories in New Lexington and Coffeyville. [14] [15]

Ludowici-Celadon's New Lexington, Ohio factory around 1910 1910 Ludowici-Celadon New Lexington, OH.tif
Ludowici-Celadon's New Lexington, Ohio factory around 1910

The company grew through the first quarter of the century and was helped by the popularity of traditional terra cotta in architecture of the 1920s. To tap into this interest Ludowici-Celadon released The Tuileries Brochures in 1929, which contained articles written by prominant authors and architects such as Aymar Embury II, Frederick Ackerman, Jacques Carlu, and Hilaire Belloc. [16] [17]

During World War II the company suffered from a decline in domestic construction and supplemented its limited production of roof tile by temporarily opening pottery divisions in New Lexington and Coffeyville. Among other things these produced licensed cookie jars for Walt Disney. [18]

In 1956 the factory in Coffeyville, Kansas was closed due to declining demand for terra cotta tile, and in 1976 Ludowici-Celadon was purchased by CSC Inc. of Chicago. [19] [20] The company saw growth in the 1980s with a growing interest in historic restoration, and in 1986 sponsored a competition and exhibit with the National Building Museum on architectural terra cotta ornamentation. [21] CSC sold Ludowici-Celadon to CertainTeed, a division of Saint-Gobain, in 1989. [22]

Ludowici Roof Tile

CertainTeed shortened Ludowici-Celadon's name to Ludowici Roof Tile in 1994. Around 2002 Ludowici's management was transferred from CertainTeed to Terreal, another Saint-Gobain subsidiary. When Terreal spun off from Saint-Gobain in 2003, Ludowici went with it. [23]

Ludowici introduced wall cladding tile and in 2007 it opened its first showroom in a renovated former shipping building at its New Lexington factory. [24] A larger showroom was opened in Dallas, Texas in 2019 to act as a showcase for architects and designers in that area. [25] In 2024 Terreal and its subsidiaries, including Ludowici, were sold to wienerberger of Austria. [26]

Significant projects

Ludowici has created tiles for prominent buildings through the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries, including the White House, the Pennsylvania State Capitol, the Plaza Hotel, the New York Life Building, the New York State Capitol, Wrigley Field and many buildings at Walt Disney World. [27] [28] [29] [30] [31] [32]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ludowici, Georgia</span> American city

Ludowici is a city in Long County, Georgia, United States. The population was 1,703 at the 2010 census and an estimated 2,221 in 2018. The city is the county seat of Long County. It is a part of the Hinesville-Fort Stewart metropolitan statistical area.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terracotta</span> Clay-based earthenware used for sculpture

Terracotta, also known as terra cotta or terra-cotta, is a term used in some contexts for earthenware. It is a clay-based non-vitreous ceramic, fired at relatively low temperatures.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred (village), New York</span> Village in New York, United States

Alfred is a village located in the town of Alfred in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 4,026 at the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred, New York</span> Town in New York, United States

Alfred is a town in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 4,896 at the 2020 census.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tile</span> Manufactured pieces for covering surfaces

Tiles are usually thin, square or rectangular coverings manufactured from hard-wearing material such as ceramic, stone, metal, baked clay, or even glass. They are generally fixed in place in an array to cover roofs, floors, walls, edges, or other objects such as tabletops. Alternatively, tile can sometimes refer to similar units made from lightweight materials such as perlite, wood, and mineral wool, typically used for wall and ceiling applications. In another sense, a tile is a construction tile or similar object, such as rectangular counters used in playing games. The word is derived from the French word tuile, which is, in turn, from the Latin word tegula, meaning a roof tile composed of fired clay.

Mather Tower is a Neo-Gothic, terra cotta-clad high-rise structure in Chicago, Illinois, United States. It is located at 75 East Wacker Drive in the downtown "loop" area, adjacent to the Chicago River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">George Herman Babcock</span> American inventor (1832–1893)

George Herman Babcock was an American inventor. He and Stephen Wilcox co-invented a safer water tube steam boiler, and founded the Babcock & Wilcox boiler company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coffeyville Municipal Airport</span> Airport in Kansas, United States

Coffeyville Municipal Airport is a city-owned public-use airport four miles northeast of Coffeyville, in Montgomery County, Kansas, United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Architectural terracotta</span> Fired clay construction material

Architectural terracotta refers to a fired mixture of clay and water that can be used in a non-structural, semi-structural, or structural capacity on the exterior or interior of a building. Terracotta pottery, as earthenware is called when not used for vessels, is an ancient building material that translates from Latin as "baked earth". Some architectural terracotta is actually stronger than stoneware. It can be unglazed, painted, slip glazed, or glazed. A piece of terracotta is composed of a hollow clay web enclosing a void space or cell. The cell can be installed in compression with mortar or hung with metal anchors; such cells are often partially backfilled with mortar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Atlantic Terra Cotta Company</span> Producer of architectural terra cotta

The Atlantic Terra Cotta Company was established in 1879 as the Perth Amboy Terra Cotta in Perth Amboy, New Jersey due to rich regional supplies of clay. It was one of the first successful glazed architectural terra-cotta companies in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mangalore tiles</span> Type of roofing tile originating in India

Mangalore tiles are a type of roof tile native to the city of Mangalore, India. A variation of the Marseilles tiles developed by the Gilardoni brothers at Altkirch, France, the tiles were first introduced to India in 1860 by German missionaries of the Basel Mission of Switzerland, who also established weaving enterprises.

The architecture of Mangalorean Catholics has strong Mangalorean, Italian, and Portuguese influences.

CertainTeed is a North American manufacturer of building materials for both commercial and residential construction and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Saint-Gobain SA, based in Paris.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Terra Cotta Building (Alfred, New York)</span> Historic office building in Alfred, Allegany County, New York

Terra Cotta Building is a historic office building and display center located at Alfred in Allegany County, New York. It was built in 1892 by the Celadon Terra Cotta Company. It is a one-story, 16-foot-wide (4.9 m), 25-foot-deep (7.6 m) building built almost entirely of bricks, ornamental terra cotta, and roofing tiles manufactured by Celadon. The building was designed as a sales office for the company, and was considered a "catalog" of their work. A replica was erected at the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The building was the only remaining structure after a fire broke out on August 29, 1909 and destroyed the Alfred factory of the Ludowici-Celadon Company.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Roof tiles</span> Tile designed to keep out rain

Roof tiles are overlapping tiles designed mainly to keep out precipitation such as rain or snow, and are traditionally made from locally available materials such as clay or slate. Later tiles have been made from materials such as concrete, and plastic.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gladding, McBean</span> Industrial ceramics company in Lincoln, California

Gladding, McBean is a ceramics company located in Lincoln, California. It is one of the oldest companies in California, a pioneer in ceramics technology, and a company which has "contributed immeasurably" to the state's industrialization. During the heyday of architectural terra cotta, the company "dominated the industry in California and the Far West."

<span class="mw-page-title-main">California pottery</span> Pottery industry in state of California

California pottery includes industrial, commercial, and decorative pottery produced in the Northern California and Southern California regions of the U.S. state of California. Production includes brick, sewer pipe, architectural terra cotta, tile, garden ware, tableware, kitchenware, art ware, figurines, giftware, and ceramics for industrial use. Ceramics include terra cotta, earthenware, porcelain, and stoneware products.

Alberhill is an unincorporated community in Riverside County, California. Alberhill is located 5.5 miles (8.9 km) northwest of Lake Elsinore. It lies at an elevation of 1234 feet. Alberhill was named after C.H. Albers and James and George Hill.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Structural clay tile</span> Class of building block

Structural clay tile describes a category of burned-clay building materials used to construct roofing, walls, and flooring for structural and non-structural purposes, especially in fireproofing applications. Also called building tile, structural terra cotta, hollow tile, saltillo tile, and clay block, the material is an extruded clay shape with substantial depth that allows it to be laid in the same manner as other clay or concrete masonry. In North America it was chiefly used during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, reaching peak popularity at the turn of the century and declining around the 1950s. Structural clay tile grew in popularity in the end of the nineteenth-century because it could be constructed faster, was lighter, and required simpler flat falsework than earlier brick vaulting construction. Each unit is generally made of clay or terra-cotta with hollow cavities, or cells, inside it. The colors of terracotta transform from gray to orange, red, yellow, and cream tones. This is due to an effect of the firing process which hardens the clay so it can be used for structural purposes. The material is commonly used in floor arches, fireproofing, partition walls, and furring. It continues to be used in Europe to build fire-resistant walls and partitions. In North America the material has largely been replaced by concrete masonry units.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American art pottery</span>

American art pottery refers to aesthetically distinctive hand-made ceramics in earthenware and stoneware from the period 1870-1950s. Ranging from tall vases to tiles, the work features original designs, simplified shapes, and experimental glazes and painting techniques. Stylistically, most of this work is affiliated with the modernizing Arts and Crafts (1880-1910), Art Nouveau (1890–1910), or Art Deco (1920s) movements, and also European art pottery.

References

  1. Manfrin, Jennifer L. "Tile as old as time". Times Recorder - Zanesville, OH. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  2. Brunner, Jan. "Falzziegelwerk Carl Ludowici". Institut für Geschichtliche Landeskunde. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  3. "History of the firm of Carl Ludowici". Dachziegelarchiv.
  4. The Clay-worker Volumes 19-20. T. A. Randall & Company. 1893. pp. 52, 515.
  5. The Brickbuilder Volumes 7-8. Boston, MA: Rogers and Manson. 1898. pp. 62–63.
  6. "A Terra Cotta Co". Hornellsville, New York: Hornellsville Weekly Tribune. 22 March 1889. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  7. Clawson, Cortez (1926). History of the Town of Alfred, New York from the Earliest Times to the Present (PDF). Alfred, New York: Sun Publishing Association. pp. 72–73. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  8. Artistic Roofing Tiles. Alfred, NY: Celadon Roofing Tile Company. 1899. pp. 48–49. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  9. "To Whom It May Concern". New York Tribune. 16 March 1900.
  10. McHale, Anna (2003). Fusion: A Centennial History of the New York State College of Ceramics. Virginia Beach, VA: The Donning Company Publishers. p. 22. ISBN   1-57864-224-8.
  11. "Roofing Tile Concern Absorbs the Plant and Plant and Business of the Imperial Company". Clay Record Volumes 27-28. Clay Record Publishing Company. 1905. p. 34. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  12. The Brickbuilder - Volume 15. Rogers and Manson. 1906. p. 42.
  13. "Tile Plant is Sold". Coffeyville, Kansas: Coffeyville Daily Journal. 2 September 1908. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  14. "Canal tiles kept factory up". Montgomery, Alabama: The Montgomery Times. 27 October 1913. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  15. "To double the plant". The Sun. Coffeyville, Kansas. 21 November 1913. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  16. Markham, Wayne (2 January 1983). "Feats of clay". Miami, Florida: The Miami Herald. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  17. The Tuileries Brochures. Ludowici-Celadon Company. 1929–1932.
  18. Brown, Bridget. "Cookie jars". Estate Sales Net. Vintage Software, LLC. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
  19. "Announcing Closure Of A Plant Operated In Kansas". Zanesville, Ohio: The Times Recorder. 28 December 1956. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  20. Jeffers, Phil (October 1979). "Continuing a Tradition of Quality Clay Roof Tile". 175 (4): 26–29.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  21. Gamarekian, Barbara (24 July 1986). "Terra Cotta Comes Back". The New York Times. New York, New York. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  22. "CertainTeed Purchases Assets of Tile Maker, Ludowici-Celadon". Zanesville, Ohio: The Times Recorder. 16 July 1989. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  23. "Saint-Gobain Terreal Sold". CeramicNews. September 2003. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  24. Gadd, Brian (27 September 2007). "Ludowici opens new hands-on design center". Zanesville, Ohio: The Times Recorder. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  25. Cormier-Pellerin, Charline (October 2019). "Made To Last". Construction in Focus. Focus Media Group.
  26. EQS Group (1 March 2024). "wienerberger successfully closes acquisition of Terreal". Markets Insider. Insider Inc.
  27. Bracken, Drew (3 February 2019). "CEO credits employees for company's success". Zanesville, Ohio: Zanesville Times Recorder. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  28. "The Plaza Hotel - New York, NY". Ludowici. Ludowici Roof Tile, LLC. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  29. "Frequently Asked Questions About the Capitol". Pennsylvania Capitol Preservation Committee. Capitol Preservation Committee. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  30. "Perry Sends Gold Roof To New York". Newark, Ohio: Newark Advocate. 28 April 1966. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
  31. Kamin, Blair (9 August 2016). "Wrigley Field remake: Now it's beautiful outside, too". Chicago, Illinois: Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
  32. Markham, Wayne (2 January 1983). "Feats of clay". Miami, Florida: The Miami Herald. Retrieved 31 March 2023.