Alfred, New York | |
---|---|
Coordinates: 42°15′20″N77°47′21″W / 42.25556°N 77.78917°W | |
Country | United States |
State | New York |
County | Allegany |
Town | Alfred |
First settled | 1807 |
Incorporated (Village) | 1881 |
Government | |
• Mayor | Jim Ninos |
Area | |
• Total | 1.19 sq mi (3.08 km2) |
• Land | 1.19 sq mi (3.08 km2) |
• Water | 0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2) |
Elevation | 1,765 ft (538 m) |
Population (2020) | |
• Total | 4,026 |
• Density | 3,383.19/sq mi (1,306.43/km2) |
Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
ZIP code | 14802 |
Area code | 607 |
FIPS code | 36-01198 |
GNIS feature ID | 0942313 |
Website | www |
Alfred is a village located in the town of Alfred in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 4,026 at the 2020 census.
The village is home to both Alfred University and Alfred State College. In 2023, The Washington Post named it "the collegiest college town in America" due to its high ratio of students to non-students. [2]
Due in part to the New York State College of Ceramics, Alfred has become a hub for ceramic artists and ceramic engineers.
The area around Alfred had historically been home to the Seneca tribe. In 1807, three Seventh Day Baptists; Clark Crandall, Nathan Green, and Edward Green, moved to the area with their families, becoming the first of many members of that sect to move to the village and surrounding region. [3]
Alfred's name has traditionally been attributed to Alfred the Great, however that has never been definitively verified. For much of its early history the village of Alfred was known as Alfred Centre. [4]
Alfred became home to an institution of higher education in 1832, when Alfred University was founded. The college was coeducational from its inception and tried to provide practical as well as liberal education for students. This university was initially considered the principal seat of higher learning supported by the Seventh Day Baptists although it was not directly supported by the denomination. [5]
The village was a hotbed of support for the abolition movement and during the American Civil War nearly 150 residents fought for the union. [6]
In 1888 the Celadon Terra Cotta Company was founded after the discovery of high-quality clay in the area. The company grew over the next decade to become a leading producer of roof tile and architectural terra cotta. The presence of this and the nearby Alfred Clay Company helped to establish Alfred as a ceramics hub, and led to the local university being selected as the home of the New York State College of Ceramics in 1900. [7]
The new college recruited British ceramicist Charles Fergus Binns as a director and professor. Binns was a proponent of the Arts and Crafts movement and considered it essential for a student of ceramics to understand both the artistic and technical aspects of their craft. Under his leadership the college grew into a leading institution of ceramic studies, eventually developing separate schools for ceramic art and ceramic engineering. As a result of the college's prominence, Alfred remained a hub for ceramics even after the burning of the Celadon Terra Cotta Company's local factory in 1909. [8]
A statutory agricultural school was formed at Alfred University in 1908, with a farm, livestock, and farm machinery for trade education. In 1937 a school of Engineering Technology was formed at this college, and in 1948 the entire college was spun off from Alfred University to form Alfred State College.
From 1940 to 1957 the village was home to Glidden Pottery, a unique stoneware-bodied dinnerware with designs by founder Glidden Parker, Sergio Dello Strologo, Fong Chow, and others. These pieces were affordable for many, yet showcased unique midcentury modern styles and designs. They have become highly collectable in the years since the pottery's closing. [9]
On April 30, 1972, the village hosted the first Hot Dog Day, organized jointly by Alfred University and Alfred State College students. [10]
Alfred is home to numerous buildings and properties listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Alumni Hall, Fireman's Hall, Steinheim Castle and the Terra Cotta Building. Additionally, 55 properties in Alfred's downtown form the Alfred Village Historic District. [11]
Alfred is approximately located at 42.3° north latitude, 77.8° west longitude.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.2 square miles (3.1 km2), all land. A small stream, Kanakadea Creek, flows through the center of the village, then to the Canisteo River, part of the Susquehanna River watershed. The topography is steep hill country, part of the Allegheny Plateau, a physiographic region that is part of the Appalachian Mountains.
Alfred is located in the hills of western New York along the Southern Tier. The layout of the valley is such that the lowest part contains the village, and upon the hills to the east and west are Alfred University and Alfred State College, respectively. The valley was originally called Kanakadea (or Canakadea, or other spellings) by Native Americans.
The elevation of Alfred is about 1,700 feet (520 m) but rises to a high point of 2,355 feet (718 m) at the summit of Jericho Hill just south of the village. The hills greatly affect the weather in the region, which results in quick changes as well as different conditions in neighboring valleys.
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | 177 | — | |
1880 | 513 | — | |
1890 | 786 | 53.2% | |
1900 | 756 | −3.8% | |
1910 | 759 | 0.4% | |
1920 | 598 | −21.2% | |
1930 | 639 | 6.9% | |
1940 | 694 | 8.6% | |
1950 | 2,053 | 195.8% | |
1960 | 2,807 | 36.7% | |
1970 | 3,804 | 35.5% | |
1980 | 4,967 | 30.6% | |
1990 | 4,559 | −8.2% | |
2000 | 3,954 | −13.3% | |
2010 | 4,174 | 5.6% | |
2020 | 4,026 | −3.5% | |
U.S. Decennial Census [12] |
As of the census [13] of 2000, there were 3,954 people, 530 households, and 169 families residing in the village. The population density was 3,352.5 inhabitants per square mile (1,294.4/km2). There were 576 housing units at an average density of 488.4 per square mile (188.6/km2). The racial makeup of the village was 90.21% White, 4.40% Black or African American, 0.33% Native American, 2.71% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 1.21% from other races, and 1.11% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.73% of the population.
There were 530 households, out of which 12.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 26.0% were married couples living together, 4.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 68.1% were non-families. 38.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.05 and the average family size was 2.73.
In the village, the population was spread out, with 3.0% under the age of 18, 83.1% from 18 to 24, 5.9% from 25 to 44, 4.6% from 45 to 64, and 3.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 20 years. For every 100 females, there were 144.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 147.2 males.
The median income for a household in the village was $21,313, and the median income for a family was $70,694. Males had a median income of $15,750 versus $39,375 for females. The per capita income for the village was $8,224. About 2.0% of families and 37.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 2.8% of those age 65 or over.
Crystal Lake is a city in McHenry County, Illinois, United States. Named after a lake 1.6 miles (2.6 km) southwest of the city's downtown, Crystal Lake is 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Chicago. The population was 40,269 as of the 2020 census. Crystal Lake is the most populous city in McHenry County, part of the Chicago metropolitan area.
College Corner is a village in Butler and Preble counties in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of Ohio, 5 miles (8 km) northwest of Oxford. The population was 387 at the 2020 census. The village lies on the state line with Indiana, where it borders the town of West College Corner. The public school, part of the Union County–College Corner Joint School District, is bisected by the state line and is operated jointly with Indiana authorities.
Roseville is a village in Muskingum and Perry counties in the U.S. state of Ohio, along Moxahala Creek. The population was 1,746 at the 2020 census. It is part of the Zanesville micropolitan area. Roseville is served by a branch of the Muskingum County Library System.
Alfred is a town in Allegany County, New York, United States. The population was 4,896 at the 2020 census.
Cuba is a town on the western border of Allegany County, New York, United States. The village of Cuba lies within its borders. The federally recognized tribe of Seneca Native Americans has a reservation on the western town line. As of the 2020 Census, the total population was 3,154.
Wellsville is a town and largest community in Allegany County, New York, United States. As of the 2020 census, the town had a population of 7,099.
Potsdam is a town in St. Lawrence County, New York, United States. The town population was 14,901 at the 2020 census. When SUNY Potsdam and Clarkson University are in session, the population increases by approximately 8,000 students. The town is named after the city of Potsdam in Germany.
Alfred University is a private university in Alfred, New York, United States. It has a total undergraduate population of approximately 1,600 students. The university hosts the statutory New York State College of Ceramics, which includes The Inamori School of Engineering and the School of Art and Design.
The New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University (NYSCC) is a statutory college of the State University of New York located on the campus of Alfred University, Alfred, New York. There are a total of 616 students, including 536 undergraduates and 80 graduates.
Korean ceramic history begins with the oldest earthenware from around 8000 BC. Throughout the history, the Korean peninsula has been home to lively, innovative, and sophisticated art making. Long periods of stability have allowed for the establishment of spiritual traditions, and artisan technologies specific to the region. Korean ceramics in Neolithic period have a unique geometric patterns of sunshine, or it is decorated with twists. In Southern part of Korea, Mumun pottery were popular. Mumun togi used specific minerals to make colors of red and black. Korean pottery developed a distinct style of its own, with its own shapes, such as the moon jar or Buncheong sagi which is a new form between earthenware and porcelain, white clay inlay celadon of Goryeo, and later styles like minimalism that represents Korean Joseon philosophers' idea. Many talented Korean potters were captured and brought to Japan during the invasions of Korea, where they heavily contributed to advancing Japanese pottery. Arita ware, founded by Yi Sam-pyeong opened a new era of porcelain in Japan. Another Japanese representative porcelain, Satsuma ware was also founded by Dang-gil Shim and Pyeong-ui Park. 14th generation of Su-kwan Shim have been using the same name to his grandfather and father to honor they are originally Korean, 14th Su-kwan Shim is honorable citizen of Namwon, Korea.
Daniel Rhodes was an American artist, known as a ceramic artist, muralist, sculptor, author and educator. During his 25 years (1947–1973) on the faculty at the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University, in Alfred, New York, he built an international reputation as a potter, sculptor and authority on studio pottery.
Ludowici Roof Tile, LLC., based in New Lexington, Ohio, is an American manufacturer of clay roof tiles, floor tiles, and wall cladding. The company was established in 1888 with the formation of the Celadon Terra Cotta Company in Alfred, New York. It has created tile for many prominent buildings throughout the United States.
Architectural terracotta refers to a fired mixture of clay and water that can be used in a non-structural, semi-structural, or structural capacity on the exterior or interior of a building. Terracotta is an ancient building material that translates from Latin as "baked earth". Some architectural terracotta is stronger than stoneware. It can be unglazed, painted, slip glazed, or glazed.
A ceramics museum is a museum wholly or largely devoted to ceramics, usually ceramic art. Its collections may also include glass and enamel, but typically concentrate on pottery, including porcelain. Most national collections are in a more general museum covering all of the arts, or just the decorative arts. However, there are a number of specialized ceramics museums, with some focusing on the ceramics of just one country, region or manufacturer. Others have international collections, which may be centered on ceramics from Europe or East Asia or have a more global emphasis.
Terra Cotta Building is a historic office building and display center located at Alfred in Allegany County, New York. It was built in 1892 by the Celadon Terra Cotta Company. It is a one-story, 16-foot-wide (4.9 m), 25-foot-deep (7.6 m) building built almost entirely of bricks, ornamental terra cotta, and roofing tiles manufactured by Celadon. The building was designed as a sales office for the company, and was considered a "catalog" of their work. A replica was erected at the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago. The building was the only remaining structure after a fire broke out on August 29, 1909 and destroyed the Alfred factory of the Ludowici-Celadon Company.
Gladding, McBean is a ceramics company located in Lincoln, California. It is one of the oldest companies in California, a pioneer in ceramics technology, and a company which has "contributed immeasurably" to the state's industrialization. During the heyday of architectural terra cotta, the company "dominated the industry in California and the Far West."
California pottery includes industrial, commercial, and decorative pottery produced in the Northern California and Southern California regions of the U.S. state of California. Production includes brick, sewer pipe, architectural terra cotta, tile, garden ware, tableware, kitchenware, art ware, figurines, giftware, and ceramics for industrial use. Ceramics include terra cotta, earthenware, porcelain, and stoneware products.
Don Schreckengost was an American industrial ceramic designer who was active from the 1930s through the 1990s. He is considered to be the first American industrial ceramic designer.
Glidden McLellan Parker, Jr. was an American artist and designer who is best known for his work in ceramics and stained glass. He established Glidden Pottery in Alfred, New York and later was chief designer for Glass Art Studio in Scottsdale, Arizona.
Glidden Pottery produced unique stoneware, dinnerware and artware in Alfred, New York from 1940 to 1957. The company was established by Glidden Parker, who had studied ceramics at the New York State College of Ceramics at Alfred University. Glidden Pottery's mid-century designs combined molded stoneware forms with hand-painted decoration. The New Yorker magazine described Glidden Pottery as "distinguished by a mat surface, soft color combinations, and, in general, well-thought-out forms that one won't see duplicated in other wares". Gliddenware was sold in leading department stores across the country. Examples of Glidden Pottery can occasionally be seen in television programs from the era, such as I Love Lucy.