Lueders Formation

Last updated
Lueders Formation
Stratigraphic range: Early Permian
PSM V73 D562 Bone beds in willbarger county texas.png
Exposure in Wilbarger County, Texas (1908).
Type Geological formation
Unit of Albany Group
Sub-units
  • Lake Kemp Limestone
  • Maybelle Limestone
Underlies Clear Fork Group [1]
Overlies Talpa Formation [1]
Thickness50 to 70 feet [1]
Lithology
PrimaryInterbedded shale & limestone [1]
Location
Region Texas
Country United States
Type section
Named for Lueders, Texas

The Lueders Formation is a geologic formation in Texas. It is the top formation of the Albany Group and preserves fossils dating back to the Permian period. [1]

Contents

Helicoconchus elongatus, a microconchid from the Lueders Formation of Texas. Helicoconchus elongatus.jpg
Helicoconchus elongatus, a microconchid from the Lueders Formation of Texas.

Description

Paleogeography

At the time of deposition, a broad sea connected to the Panthalassic Ocean covered much of the central United States, including Texas. The Lueders Formation would have been located in the northern tropics or subtropics. Climatically, after the retreat of an early Artinskian glacial maximum, the deserts of the North American craton experienced fluctuation and growth during this time period, and the associated aridity decrease impacted seabed deposition in localities across the basin. [2]

Depositional environment

The Lueders Formation represents a deltaic environment, with terrestrial sediments being deposited onto the muddy bottom of a shallow estuary by shifting freshwater streams. In the Maybelle Member, the dolomite likely represents marine deposits, preserving marine sharks and fish, whereas darker terrestrial sediments and freshwater shale deposits contain remains of land animals and freshwater fish respectively. [3]

Fossil content

Amphibians

Amphibians reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Crossotelos C. annulatusMaybelle Member. [4] Multiple specimens. [4] A nectridean.
Diplocaulus D. magnicornisMaybelle Member. [3] Multiple specimens. [3] A nectridean.
Diplocaulus Underside (Updated).png
Eryops E. megacephalusMaybelle Member. [3] Limb & skull elements. [3] An eryopid.
Eryops1DB.jpg
Trimerorhachis T. sp.Maybelle Member. [3] Limb & skull elements. [3] A dvinosaur.
Trimerorhachis insignis life restoration.jpg

Fish

Acanthodians

Acanthodians reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Acanthodes A. sp.Maybelle Member. [3] A fin spine. [3] An acanthodiform, known from freshwater deposits.
Acanthodes bronni NT.jpg

Bony fish

Bony fish reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
"Acrolepis"Maybelle Member. [3] Scales. [3] A palaeonisciform.
Acrolepis gigas DB18.jpg
Gnathorhiza G. serrataMaybelle Member. [3] [5] Jaw elements & near-complete specimen. [3] [5] A lungfish from freshwater deposits.
GnathorhizaDB.jpg
Lawnia L. cf. L. taylorensisMaybelle Member. [3] [6] Remains of millions of individuals. [3] A palaeonisciform originally reported as 'Lawnia-like', now thought to represent the genus itself. [6]
Luederia L. kempiMaybelle Member. [3] [6] A braincase & 2 large cleithra. [3] [7] A marine palaeonisciform.
?Platysomus ?P. palmarisMaybelle Member. [3] Partial bodies & numerous scales. [3] A marine (?) palaeonisciform.
Sagenodus Maybelle Member. [5] Upper tooth plate (UCLA VP 431). [5] A lungfish.
Sagenodus copeanus -2.gif
Schaefferichthys S. leudersensisMaybelle Member. [3] Incomplete specimen (USNM 23109). [3] [8] A freshwater palaeonisciform.
Schaefferichthys leudersensis Dalquest.jpg
?Spermatodus ?S. pustulosusMaybelle Member. [3] Multiple specimens. [3] A coelacanth.

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Acrodus ?A. olsoniTeeth. [9] A hybodont.
?A. sweetlacruzensisTeeth. [9] A hybodont.
Barbclabornia B. luedersensisNumerous teeth. [10] A giant freshwater xenacanth.
Barbclabornia leuderensis.jpg
Ctenacanthus C. cf. C. amblyxiphiasMaybelle Member. [3] Fin spines. [3] A ctenacanth found in the marine dolomite.
Ctenacanthus concinnus.png
Janassa J. sp.Maybelle Member. [3] Isolated teeth. [3] A petalodont found in the marine dolomite.
Janassa.jpg
Orthacanthus O. platypternusTeeth. [11] A freshwater xenacanth.
O. texensisTeeth. [11] A freshwater xenacanth.
Orthacanthus texensis 78.jpg
Polyacrodus P. wichitaensisTeeth. [9] A hybodont.
P. zidekiTeeth. [9] A hybodont.
Xenacanthus ?X. slaughteriTeeth. [11] A freshwater xenacanth.
X. sp.Maybelle Member. [3] A tooth. [3] A freshwater xenacanth.
Xenacanth.png

Synapsids

Synapsids reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Dimetrodon D. sp.Maybelle Member. [3] Neural spine & bone fragments. [3] A sphenacodontid.
Dimetrodon grandis 3D Model Reconstruction.png

Invertebrates

Arthropods

Arthropods reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Ostracoda indet.IndeterminateWSU 1445. [2] A fragmentary ostracod.
Panduralimulus P. babcockiMaybelle Member. [12] Multiple specimens. [12] A horseshoe crab.

Bivalves

Bivalves reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Myalinella M. sp.Valves (WSU 1407). [2] A myalinid.
Pinnidae indet.IndeterminateShell. [2] An unknown pen shell.

Bryozoans

Bryozoans reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Bryozoa indet.IndeterminateWSU 1430. [2] A fragmentary bryozoan.

Cephalopods

Cephalopods reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Koninckioceras K. bibbiInternal mold. [13] A nautiloid.
Metacoceras M. sp.Shell (WSU 1437). [2] A nautiloid.
Metacoceras discoideum 01.jpg
Michelinoceras M. sp. Phragmocone (WSU 1406). [2] A orthocerid.
Michelinoceras campanile 45.jpg
Millkoninckioceras M. sp.Shell (WSU 1442). [2] A nautiloid.
Perrinitidae indet.Indeterminate3 specimens. [2] An ammonite.
Stenopoceras cf. S. whitei Phragmocone. [2] A nautiloid.

Echinoderms

Echinoderms reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Crinoidea indet.IndeterminateColumnal (WSU1405A). [2] A fragmentary crinoid.

Plants

Plants reported from the Lueders Formation
GenusSpeciesPresenceMaterialNotesImages
Tinsleya T. texanaMaybelle Member. [14] Numerous specimens. [14] A pteridosperm.
Zeilleropteris Z. wattiiLeaves. [15] A gigantopterid.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 "Geolex — Lueders publications". ngmdb.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2023-07-25.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Shell, Ryan; Peterman, David; Ciampaglio, Charles; Armstrong, Adam; Laurene Fuelling (2020). "A fossil molluscan fauna from the lower Lueders Formation of north-central Texas". doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.15600.81924.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Dalquest, Walter W.; Kocurko, M. John (1986). "Geology and Vertebrate Paleontology of a Lower Permian Delta Margin in Baylor County, Texas" . The Southwestern Naturalist. 31 (4): 477–492. doi:10.2307/3671702. ISSN   0038-4909. JSTOR   3671702.
  4. 1 2 Carlson, Keith J. (1999). "Crossotelos, an Early Permian Nectridean Amphibian". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (4): 623–631. ISSN   0272-4634. JSTOR   4524033.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Berman, David S. (1968). "Lungfish from the Lueders Formation (Lower Permian, Texas) and the Gnathorhiza-Lepidosirenid Ancestry Questioned". Journal of Paleontology. 42 (3): 827–835. ISSN   0022-3360. JSTOR   1302378.
  6. 1 2 3 Dalquest, Walter W.; Kocurko, M. John (1988). "Notes on Permian Fishes from Lake Kemp, Baylor County, Texas, with a Synopsis of Texas Palaeonisciform Fishes" . The Southwestern Naturalist. 33 (3): 263–274. doi:10.2307/3671755. ISSN   0038-4909. JSTOR   3671755.
  7. Schaeffer, Bobb; Dalquest, Walter Woelber (1978). "A palaeonisciform braincase from the Permian of Texas, with comments on cranial fissures and the posterior myodome". American Museum Novitates (2658). hdl:2246/5327.
  8. Dalquest, Walter W. (1966). "An Unusual Paleonisciform Fish from the Permian of Texas". Journal of Paleontology. 40 (3): 759–762. ISSN   0022-3360. JSTOR   1301762.
  9. 1 2 3 4 Johnson, Gary D. (1981). "Hybodontoidei (Chondrichthyes) from the Wichita-Albany Group (Early Permian) of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 1 (1): 1–41. ISSN   0272-4634. JSTOR   4522833.
  10. Johnson, Gary D. (2008-04-22). "Dentitions of Barbclabornia (new genus, Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from the Upper Palaeozoic of North America". Fossil Record. 6 (1): 125–146. doi: 10.1002/mmng.20030060106 .
  11. 1 2 3 Johnson, G. D. (1999). "Dentitions of Late Palaeozoic Orthacanthus species and new species of ?Xenacanthus (Chondrichthyes: Xenacanthiformes) from North America". Acta Geologica Polonica. S2CID   128796206.
  12. 1 2 Allen, Joel G.; Feldmann, Rodney M. (2005). "Panduralimulus babcocki n. gen. and sp., a New Limulacean Horseshoe Crab from the Permian of Texas". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (3): 594–600. ISSN   0022-3360. JSTOR   4095027.
  13. Miller, A. K.; Kemp, Augusta Hasslock (1947). "A Koninckioceras from the Lower Permian of North-Central Texas". Journal of Paleontology. 21 (4): 351–354. ISSN   0022-3360. JSTOR   1299305.
  14. 1 2 Mamay, Sergius H. (1966). "Tinsleya, a new genus of seed-bearing callipterid plants from the Permian of north-central Texas". Geological Survey Professional Paper: 1–15.
  15. Mamay, S H; Mamay, S. H. (1986). "New species of Gigantopteridaceae from the lower Permian of Texas". Phytologia. 61: 311–315. doi: 10.5962/bhl.part.6538 . ISSN   0031-9430.