Luis Castellanos Tapias | |
|---|---|
| Born | Molagavita, Santander, Colombia |
| Other names | Luis Castellanos |
| Occupation | Attorney, politician, writer |
Death: September 22, 1968 Luis Castellanos Tapias (born in Molagavita, Santander) was a Colombian attorney (Universidad Externado de Colombia), historian, politician, publisher and writer.
Castellanos Tapias (who studied history with José Fulgencio Gutiérrez, historian from Bucaramanga, Santander, and author of the historical study "Galán y los Comuneros"), published in 1962 a novel that has as its main historical reference the revolt of the Comuneros (1781) in the Viceroyalty of New Granada, El Alzamiento ("The Uprising"). [1] Castellanos Tapias is also the author of at least two other unpublished novels, El Amo, or "The Master" and La Muerte del Juéz Barton or "The Death of Judge Barton".[ citation needed ] Records show him also as the author of a technical report and a census on the tobacco industry in Colombia for Instituto Nacional de Fomento Tabacalero (INTABACO). [2]
Castellanos was a member of the conservative party and occupied several provincial and national positions, among them Secretary of Government (Departmental Interior Secretary) under Santander Governor Rafael Ortiz Gonzales during the period leading to the political crisis of April 1948. From his governmental positions Castellanos Tapias was instrumental, together with other Santander leaders, in promoting the founding of the Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS), a prominent Colombian university, of which he was the third rector from November 1949 to March 1951. [3] After studying industrial statistics with an ONU scholarship in the United States and Canada, he intervened in the founding and was the leading executive of the Departamento Nacional de Estadística (National Department of Statistics), the forerunner of today's DANE (Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas).[ citation needed ]
Castellanos was also leading assistant to the minister of Agriculture and on occasion, acting Minister of Agriculture. Later, he was the leading executive (Gerente General) of the Instituto Nacional de Fomento Tabacalero (INTABACO). Castellanos was founder and publisher of the short-lived "La Nación Agrícola" magazine. Towards the end of his life, he was also a notary, judge and the president of the Directorio Conservador in Barrancabermeja, Santander. While living in Barrancabermeja, Castellanos Tapias was made a full member ("Miembro de Número") of the Academy of History of Santander and was chosen to preside over the founding of the Centro de Historia de Barrancabermeja, the local chapter of the Academy of History of Santander.[ citation needed ]
The 1962 novel El Alzamiento shows the influences of the French Annales school of historiography, that came to Castellanos Tapias through his history teacher at Colegio de Santander, José Fulgencio Gutiérrez. The epic 1781 uprising of the peasants from Santander and Boyacá against Spanish abuses is depicted through the lives of a family of humble tobacco growers. When they run afoul of the Spanish taxation agents, the crop is destroyed, their home is planted with salt and burned to the ground, and the head of the family is thrown in jail. Destitute, the wife descends into madness and goes around town chanting the local couplets that by then foretell the coming insurrection. With an eye to the social forces bubbling up to threaten Spanish colonial power and faithful to historical detail, the novel fleshes out the characters of the women and men that led the insurrection and suffered the ensuing repression afterwards. The priests preach humility while averting their eyes away from the authorities' crimes. The "criollo" middle classes, the future "heroes" of the national independence from Spain, take advantage of the triumphant movement to help themselves, later on turning their backs and delivering the peasant leaders to be executed. Amid despair and hopelessness, the novel ends with the peasant youngsters on the verge of a guerrilla attack on incoming Spanish forces, a clear reference to the political dynamics of Colombia which by the time the novel was written had taken the form of insurgent guerrilla movements.
Santander is a department of Colombia. Santander inherited the name of one of the nine original states of the United States of Colombia. It is located in the central northern part of the country, borders the Magdalena River to the east, Boyacá to the south and southeast, the Norte de Santander Department to the northeast, the Cesar Department to the north, the Bolivar and Antioquia Departments to the west. Its capital is the city of Bucaramanga.
Bucaramanga is the capital and largest city of the department of Santander, Colombia. Bucaramanga has the fifth-largest economy by GDP in Colombia, has the lowest unemployment rate and has the ninth-largest population in the country, with 681,130 people. Bucaramanga has over 160 parks scattered throughout the city and has been given the nickname "La Ciudad de Los Parques" and "La Ciudad Bonita de Colombia".
The Revolt of the Comuneros was a popular uprising in the Viceroyalty of New Granada against the Spanish authorities from March through October 1781. The revolt was in reaction to the increase in taxation to raise funds for defense of the region against the British, a rise in the price of tobacco and brandy, which were part of the late eighteenth-century Bourbon reforms. The initial revolt was local and not well known outside the region of Socorro, but in the late nineteenth century, historian Manuel Briceño saw the massive revolt as a precursor to independence. Prior to the 1781 revolt, residents in New Granada had protested, at times violently, crown policy implementation there between 1740 and 1779.
Comunero may refer to:
The Industrial University of Santander, abbreviated in Spanish with the acronym UIS, is a public university, based in a coeducational, and research model. The university serves the Santander Department, being the main campus located in the city of Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia. The university also has satellite campuses across the department in the cities of Barrancabermeja, Barbosa, Málaga, Piedecuesta, Socorro.
Manuela Beltrán was a Neogranadine woman who organized a peasant revolt against excess taxation in 1780.
The Lache were an indigenous, agrarian people in the highlands of what is now central Colombia's northern Boyacá and Santander departments, primarily in Gutiérrez Province and García Rovira Province. They were part of the Cocuy Confederation and spoke Chibcha, trading predominantly with other Chibcha speakers, such as the Muisca, Guane, Pijao and Chitarero. Trade included salt and textiles, as well as food stuffs. The Lache farmed maize, potatoes, quinoa and cotton, among other crops.
Saint Thomas University is a Roman Catholic university located in Bogotá, Colombia. It is the oldest Colombian university, founded in 1580 by the Dominican Order. It has campuses in Bucaramanga, Tunja, Medellín, and Villavicencio, and offers distance education.
Puente Nacional is an agricultural town and municipality in the Suárez River Valley, part of the Santander Department of northeastern Colombia. Colloquially referred to as "Puente" by its inhabitants.
San Gil is a town municipality in the Department of Santander in northeastern Colombia, located roughly 300 km (192 mi) from Bogotá and 95 km from the department's capital, Bucaramanga. As of 2020, San Gil had a population of roughly 46,000 people within the total municipal area, making it the third largest urban area in the department, after Bucaramanga and Barrancabermeja. Founded in 1689, San Gil is over 300 years old. It was officially named the tourist capital of the region in 2004, thanks to its outdoor activity opportunities such as rafting, caving, kayaking and hiking.
Socorro is a town and municipality in the Santander Department in northeastern Colombia. It was founded in 1681 by José de Archila and José Díaz Sarmiento.The town was very influential in the history of Colombia. There began the revolt of the Comuneros of 1781 against the oppression of Spanish rule.
The National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE) does not collect religious statistics, and accurate reports are difficult to obtain. However, based on various studies and a survey, about 90% of the population adheres to Christianity, the majority of which (70.9%) are Roman Catholic, while a significant minority (16.7%) adhere to Protestantism.
The 2nd Division is a Colombian National Army division based in the city of Bucaramanga consisting on three brigades; The 5th Brigade based in Bucaramanga, the 23rd Mobile Brigade based in San José de Cúcuta, the 30th Brigade based in Cúcuta. The division is supported by the 2nd Explosive Ordnance Disposal Group, 7th Special Forces Group and 8th Special Forces Group. It is currently participating in the War in Catatumbo.
José Antonio Galán was a Neogranadine historical figure of the 18th century. He was the leader of the Comuneros insurrection in 1781, who was then sentenced and executed by the Spanish.
The North Andes Plate or North Andes Block is a small tectonic plate (microplate) located in the northern Andes. It is squeezed between the faster moving South American Plate and the Nazca Plate to the southwest. Due to the subduction of the Malpelo and Coiba Plates, this area is very prone to volcanic and seismic activity, with many historic earthquakes.
Alfonso Valdivieso Sarmiento is a Colombian lawyer and politician.
Oscar Rodríguez Naranjo (1907–2006) was a painter from Socorro, Santander Department, Colombia. His works include mainly oil paintings and sculptures.
Luz Helena Sarmiento Villamizar is a Colombian geologist, and a former Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development of Colombia, serving in the administration of President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón. The former Director of the National Authority of Environmental Licenses (ANLA); a Colombian government agency in charge of licensing mining, energy, and infrastructure projects; she graduated from the Industrial University of Santander, and previously worked in the energy sector.
José Oswaldo Lezama Serrano is a Colombian mathematician who researches abstract algebra and specializes in noncommutative algebra. Lezama graduated from the UIS in 1978 with a B.Sc. in Mathematical Education and obtained a PhD in 1983 under the supervision of Zenon Ivanovich Borevich from the Saint Petersburg State University. Since 1985 Lezama was a full professor at the National University of Colombia; he retired in 2020.
